Ukushayisana okunwebeka kancane
Ekungqubuzaneni okungaphelele, umthetho wokulondolozwa komfutho uyasebenza, kanti ukulondolozwa komthetho wamandla e-kinetic awusebenzi. Ngesikhathi kwenzeka ukungqubuzana, amandla athile e-kinetic aguqulwa abe amandla omsindo, amandla okushisa, kanye namandla angaphakathi. Ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithi elastic kubonisa ukuthi ngemva kokungqubuzana, izinto ezimbili azinamatheli ndawonye kodwa ziyagxumagxuma.
Isibonelo sokushayisana okunwebeka kancane ukushayisana okunobukhulu obubodwa kwamamabula amabili noma amabhola amabili echibini.
Isibonelo sombuzo 1.
Izinto A no-B ezinesisindo esingu-1 kg no-2 kg, ngokulandelana zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene ngesivinini esingu-4 m/s no-2 m/s, ngokulandelana bese zishayisana ngokushayisana okunwebeka kancane. Uma ngemva kokushayisana into A ihamba ngesivinini esingu-2 m/s, iyini ijubane lento B?
Kwaziwa:
m A = 1 kg, m B = 2 kg, v A = 4 m/s (ake sithi ngakwesokudla), v B = -2 m/s (ake sithi ngakwesokunxele), v A ' = – 2 m/s
Kufunwa: v B '
Isixazululo:
m A v A + m B v B = m A v A ' + m B v B '
(1 kg)(4 m/s) + (2 kg)(-2 m/s) = (1 kg)(-2 m/s) + (2 kg)(v B ’)
4 kg m/s – 4 kg m/s = -2 kg m/s + (2 kg) v B '
0 = – 2 kg m/s + (2 kg)(v B ')
-2 kg m/s = – 2 kg v B '
v B ' = 1 m/s
Ngemva kokushayisana, into B ihamba ngesivinini esingu-1 m/s (ake sithi ngakwesokudla) bese into A ihamba ngesivinini esingu-2 m/s (ake sithi sithi ngakwesokunxele)
Isibonelo sombuzo 2.
Izinto A no-B ezinesisindo esingu-4-kg kanye no-5-kg zisondelana ngakolunye uhlangothi, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Ngemva kokushayisana, zombili izinto zibuyela emuva ngesivinini esingu-A = 4 ms -1 kanye nesivinini esingu-B = 2 ms - 1. Iyini isivinini sento B ngaphambi kokushayisana?
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo sento A (mA) = 4 kg
Isisindo sento B (m B ) = 5 kg
Ijubane lento A ngaphambi kokushayisana (v A ) = 6 m/s
Ijubane lento A ngemva kokushayisana (v A ') = 4 m/s
Ijubane lento B ngemva kokushayisana (v B ') = -2 m/s
Izimpawu ze-plus kanye ne-minus zibonisa ukuthi zombili izinto zihamba ngezindlela eziphambene.
Okufunwayo: Ijubane lento B ngaphambi kokushayisana (v B )
Isixazululo:
m A v A + m B v B = m A v A ' + m B v B '
(4)(6) + (5)(-2) = (4)(4) + (5)(v B ')
24 – 10 = 16 + 5(v B ')
14 – 16 = 5 (v B ')
-2 = 5 (v B ')
v B ' = -2/5
v B ' = -0.4
Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi indlela into eqondiswa ngayo ngemva kokushayisana ihlukile kunendlela eyandulela ukushayisana.
Isibonelo sombuzo 3.
Izinto ezimbili ezinesisindo esifanayo ziyasondelana njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.
Uma i-v 2 ' iyisivinini sento (2) ngemva kokushayisana ngakwesokudla ngesivinini esingu-5 ms –1 , iyini isivinini sento eyodwa v 1 ' (1) ngemva kokushayisana?
Kwaziwa:
Isisindo sento ngayinye = m
Ijubane lento 1 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v 1 ) = 8 m/s
Ijubane lento 2 ngaphambi kokushayisana (v 2 ) = 10 m/s
Ijubane lento 2 ngemva kokushayisana (v 2 ') = 5 m/s
Okufunwayo: Isivinini sento 1 ngemva kokushayisana (v 1 ')
Isixazululo:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = m 1 v 1 ' + m 2 v 2 '
m (v 1 + v 2 ) = m (v 1 ' + v 2 ')
v 1 + v 2 = v 1 ' + v 2 '
8 + 10 = v 1 ' + 5
18 = v 1 ' + 5
v 1 ' = 18-5
v 1 ' = 13 m/s
Imibuzo nezimpendulo ezingu-20 eziphathelene nokushayisana okunwebeka kancane:
1. Umbuzo: Kuyini ukungqubuzana okunobunye obungaphelele? Impendulo: Ukungqubuzana okunobunye obungaphelele yilapho kugcinwa khona amandla athile e-kinetic, kodwa hhayi wonke. Izinto ziyaphenduka zodwa kodwa hhayi ngamandla azo okuqala e-kinetic.
2. Umbuzo: Ukungqubuzana okune-elastic kancane kuhluke kanjani ekungqubuzaneni okune-elastic ngokuphelele? Impendulo: Ekungqubuzaneni okune-elastic ngokuphelele, amandla e-kinetic aphelele ayalondolozwa, kanti ekungqubuzaneni okune-elastic kancane, ingxenye kuphela yamandla e-kinetic ayondolozwa.
3. Umbuzo: Yini ehlala ilondolozwe ekushayisaneni okungaphelele? Impendulo: Umfutho uhlala ulondolozwe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zokushayisana, kufaka phakathi okuhlala kuphelele.
4. Umbuzo: I-coefficient of restitution, , isetshenziswa kanjani ukuchaza ukuqina kokushayisana? Impendulo: Kuma-partial elastic collisions, 0<�<1 . Uma esondele ku-1, kulapho ukushayisana kuba nokuqina kakhulu.
5. Umbuzo: Ingabe i-coefficient of restitution ingaba nkulu kuno-1? Impendulo: Cha. I-coefficient of replacement enkulu kuno-1 ingasho amandla amaningi e-kinetic ngemva kokushayisana kunangaphambili, okwephula ukongiwa kwamandla.
6. Umbuzo: Kungani wonke amandla e-kinetic engagcinwa ekushayisaneni okunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Amanye amandla e-kinetic aguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo, njengomsindo, ukushisa, noma ukuguquka kwezinto.
7. Umbuzo: Unganquma kanjani inani lamandla e-kinetic agcinwe ekungqubuzaneni okunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Ngokuqhathanisa amandla e-kinetic aphelele ngaphambi nangemva kokungqubuzana.
8. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukushayisana okungaphelele okuhlala kukhiqiza umsindo? Impendulo: Akunjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa umsindo ungakhiqizwa ngenxa yokudlidliza okubangelwa ukushayisana.
9. Umbuzo: Kwenzekani emandleni e-kinetic angagcinwanga ekushayisaneni okunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Ngokuvamile aguqulwa abe ezinye izinhlobo zamandla njengokushisa, umsindo, noma amandla angaba khona ngenxa yokuguquguquka.
10. Umbuzo: Ukwakheka kwezinto kuthinta kanjani ukuqina kokushayisana? Impendulo: Ezinye izinto, njengerabha, zivame ukushayisana kakhulu, kanti ezinye, njengobumba, zivame ukungabi nabuthuntu. Kodwa-ke, ukushayisana okuningi kwangempela kuqina kancane ngenxa yezakhiwo zezinto nezinye izici.
11. Umbuzo: Ingabe amabhola amabili ensimbi angabonisa ukushayisana okunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Yebo. Nakuba amabhola ensimbi angase abonakale sengathi anokushayisana okunwebeka cishe ngokuphelele, ngokuvamile kuba nokulahlekelwa amandla okuncane, okwenza kube nokunwebeka kancane.
12. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukushayisana koMhlaba ne-meteorite kubhekwa njengokunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Ngokuvamile, yebo. Umthelela awugcini wonke amandla e-kinetic njengoba amanye eguqulwa abe ukushisa, umsindo, kanye nokudalwa kwe-crater.
13. Umbuzo: Ungaba nokushayisana okunwebeka kancane endaweni engenalutho? Impendulo: Yebo. Ngisho noma kungekho ukumelana nomoya, izakhiwo zangaphakathi zemizimba eshayisanayo zingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla.
14. Umbuzo: Amandla angaphandle, njengokungqubuzana, athinta kanjani ukuqina kokungqubuzana? Impendulo: Amandla angaphandle angachitha amandla e-kinetic engeziwe, okwenza ukungqubuzana kungabi namandla kakhulu.
15. Umbuzo: Ingabe zikhona izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisebenzayo lapho ukuqonda ukushayisana okungaphelele kubalulekile khona? Impendulo: Yebo, ekuhlaziyweni kwezemidlalo, ubunjiniyela, kanye nezingozi zomgwaqo, ukuqonda ukushayisana okungaphelele kungaba yinto ebalulekile.
16. Umbuzo: Kungani abakhiqizi bezimoto befunda ukushayisana okungaguquki? Impendulo: Ukuklama izimoto ezingamunca amandla okushaya ngendlela efanele, zivikele abagibeli ngesikhathi sokushayisana.
17. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukusebenzisana kwezinhlayiya ezingeni le-quantum kungabhekwa njengokunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Yebo. Nakuba i-quantum mechanics yethula izenzakalo ezintsha, izinhlayiya zisengabhekana nokusebenzisana lapho kungewona wonke amandla e-kinetic alondolozwa khona.
18. Umbuzo: Ukuxhumana kwama-molecule kuhlobana kanjani nokushayisana okungaphelele? Impendulo: Ama-molecule angashayisana ngokungaphelele lapho eshayisana, adlulisele amandla athile ekudlidlizeni noma ekujikelezweni kwama-molecule.
19. Umbuzo: Ingabe ukugxuma kwebhola lomnqakiswano enkundleni kubonisa ukungqubuzana okunwebeka kancane? Impendulo: Yebo. Amandla athile ayalahleka njengomsindo kanye nokuguquguquka okuncane kwebhola, okwenza ukungqubuzana kube nokunwebeka kancane.
20. Umbuzo: Izinga lokushisa lithinta kanjani ukuqina kokushayisana kwamagesi? Impendulo: Njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ama-molecule egesi ahamba ngokushesha futhi angashayisana ngamandla amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukuqina kwalokhu kushayisana kuncike ezimpahleni zama-molecule futhi akuhlobene ngqo nokushisa.
Ukuqonda ukushayisana okungaguquki kahle kunikeza ukuqonda ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimo kokubili kokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke kanye nochwepheshe kwefiziksi nobunjiniyela.
