Isihloko mayelana ne-Equation yesekethe ye-capacitor
I-capacitor inomthamo othile. Uma umthamo odingekayo ungatholakali, ingaxhunywa kuma-capacitor amabili noma ngaphezulu ukuze kutholakale umthamo odingekayo. Ukuze ixhume kahle i-capacitor, idinga ulwazi olufanele mayelana nesekethe ye-capacitor. 🙂
Ngaphambi kokufunda i-capacitor Okokuqala, qonda izimpawu ezilandelayo. Imigqa emibili eqondile kuphawu lwe-capacitor imele abaqhubi ababili kuma-capacitor epuleti ahambisanayo. Kuphawu lwebhethri, umugqa omude oqondile umele amandla aphezulu (+) kanti umugqa omfushane oqondile umele amandla aphansi (-). Umugqa ovundlile wophawu lwe-capacitor kanye nophawu lwebhethri umele ikhebula.
Isekethe yochungechunge
Ama-capacitor amabili axhunywe njengasesithombeni sesobunxele abizwa ngokuthi ama-capacitor axhunywe ochungechungeni. Isibalo sesokudla yi-capacitor elinganayo ene-capacitance elingana nama-capacitor amabili ochungechungeni.
Ekuqaleni, ama-capacitor amabili ayengashajwa ngogesi. Ngemva kokuxhunywa ebhethrini, ipuleti le-capacitor C 1 elixhunywe epalini elihle lebhethri lishajwa kahle. Ngoba ama-electron ayaphuma kulo futhi ipuleti elingezansi le-capacitor C 2 elixhunywe epalini elihle lebhethri lishajwa kabi ngoba lithola ama-electron. Ama-electron ashajwe kabi ayahamba ngoba adonswa yipali elihle lebhethri, elishajwa kahle.
Ngemuva kwalokho lawa ma-electron ayenqatshwa yi-negative charge ye-negative pole yebhethri, eya phansi kwe-capacitor C2 . Ipuleti le-capacitor C1 eshajelwe kahle idonsa ama-electron phezulu kwe-capacitor C2 ukuze ama-electron ahambe aye phansi kwe-capacitor C1 . Ngenxa yalokho, ipuleti le-capacitor C1 lishajelwa kabi futhi ipuleti le-capacitor C2 lishajelwa kahle.
Ishaja engemihle ephuma phezulu kwe-capacitor C 1 ifana neshaja engemihle engena phansi kwe-capacitor C 2. Futhi ipuleti eliku-capacitor C 1 lithola ishaja engemihle elingana neshaja engemihle ephuma kulo. , ishaja engemihle epuletini elingezansi le-capacitor C 1 ilingana neshaja engemihle epuletini le-capacitor C 2. Ngakho-ke ipuleti ngalinye lomqhubi linenani elifanayo lokushaja kodwa uphawu luhlukile, lapho ingxenye ephezulu ye-capacitor C 1 ishaja + Q.
Iphansi le-capacitor C1 ishajwa -Q, ingxenye ephezulu ye-capacitor C2 ishajwa +Q, kanti phansi kwe-capacitor C2 ishajwa -Q. Kusekhethi yochungechunge, inani lokushaja kagesi ku-capacitor C1 (Q1) = inani lokushaja kukagesi ku-capacitor C2 (Q2) = Q.
Kuthiwani ngamandla kagesi? Kusekhethi yochungechunge, amandla kagesi e-capacitor elinganayo alingana namandla kagesi e-capacitor ngayinye, V = V1 +V2Amandla kagesi e-capacitor C1 ngu-V1 = Q/C1, amandla kagesi e-capacitor C2 ngu-V2 = Q/C2, futhi amandla kagesi e-capacitor yi-V = Q/C.
V = V 1 + V 2
Q/C = Q/C 1 + Q/C 2
Q/C = Q (1/C 1 + 1/C 2 )
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2
Uma kukhona ama-capacitor amathathu axhunywe ochungechungeni, ifomula engenhla ishintsha ibe yi:
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 + 1/C 3
Uma kukhona ama-capacitor amane, kufakwe i -1/C 4. Ngokufanayo, uma kukhona ama-capacitor amahlanu njalo njalo. Lena ifomula yokunquma umthamo we-capacitor efanayo yama-capacitor axhunywe ochungechungeni.
Ake sithi i-C1 ingu -2 kanti i-C2 ingu -1 khona-ke amandla e-capacitor ethatha indawo yile:
1/C = 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 = 1/2 + 1/1 = 1/2 + 2/2 = 3/2
C/1 = C = 2/3
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kubalwa, kuphethwa ngokuthi amandla e-capacitor eshintshayo mancane kune-capacitance ye-capacitor ngayinye exhunywe ochungechungeni.
Isekethe ehambisanayo
Ama-capacitor amabili axhunywe njengasesithombeni sesobunxele abizwa ngokuthi ama-capacitor axhunywe ngokulingana. Isibalo sesokudla yi-capacitor yokufaka esikhundleni ene-capacitance elingana nama-capacitor amabili axhunywe ngokulingana.
Amapuleti ama-capacitor C 1 no-C 2 axhunywe epalini elihle lebhethri ukuze la mapuleti amabili abe namandla kagesi aphezulu. Ngenkathi amapuleti angezansi ama-capacitor C 1 no-C 2 exhunywe epalini elihle lebhethri ukuze la mapuleti amabili abe namandla kagesi aphansi. Ngakho-ke kungaphethwa ngokuthi i-capacitor ngayinye exhunywe ngokuhambisana inomehluko wamandla olingana nomehluko wamandla ebhethri (V 1 = V 2 = V).
Uma ama-capacitor amabili, axhunywe ngokuhambisana, exhunywe ebhethrini, i-positive pole yebhethri idonsa ama-electron aye epuletini eliphezulu. Ngenkathi i-negative pole yebhethri yenqaba ama-electron aye epuletini eliphansi ukuze ama-electron asuke phezulu aye phansi. Amapuleti amabili alahlekelwa ama-electron ukuze ashajwe kahle, kanti amapuleti amabili aphansi athola ama-electron ukuze ashajwe kabi. Ukunyakaza kwama-electron kuyama ngemva kokuba amapuleti amabili omqhubi enomehluko ongaba khona olingana nomehluko wamandla ebhethri.
Ingxenye ephezulu ye-capacitor C1 kanye nephansi le-capacitor C1 gcina ishaja kagesi efanayo, kodwa ube nophawu oluphambene. Ngokufanayo, ingxenye ephezulu ye-capacitor C2 kanye nengxenye engezansi ye-capacitor C2 gcina ishaja kagesi efanayo kodwa ibe nezimpawu eziphambene. Uma ishaja kagesi igcinwe ku-capacitor C1 u-Q1 futhi ishaja kagesi igcinwa ku-capacitor C2 yi-Q2, khona-ke inani leshaja kagesi eligcinwe kuzo zombili izicapacitor ezixhunywe ngokufana lingu-Q = Q1 +Q2Ngakho-ke ishaja kagesi iyonke kuma-capacitor axhunywe ngokulingana ilingana nenani leshaja ku-capacitor ngayinye.
Ishaja kagesi ku-capacitor ngayinye exhunywe ngokuhambisana ibalwa ngesibalo Q 1 = C 1 ΔV kanye Q 2 = C 2 ΔV kuyilapho ishaja kagesi enkulu ku-capacitor eshintshayo ibalwa ngesibalo Q = C ΔV. Lapho u-Q kuyishaja kagesi, u-C uyi-capacitance kanti u-ΔV umehluko wamandla kagesi. Isibalo Q = Q 1 + Q 2 siguqulwa kabusha ngu-Q ofaka esikhundleni:
Q = Q 1 + Q 2
C ΔV = C 1 ΔV + C 2 ΔV
C ΔV = ΔV (C 1 + C 2 )
C = C 1 + C 2
Umehluko ongaba khona we-ΔV ulingana, ngakho-ke ususiwe kulesi sibalo.
Uma kukhona ama-capacitor amathathu axhunywe ngokufana, ifomula engenhla ishintsha ibe yi:
C = C 1 + C 2 + C 3
Uma kukhona ama-capacitor amane, kufakwe i-C4. Ngokufanayo, uma kukhona ama-capacitor amahlanu njalo njalo. Lena ifomula yokunquma amandla e-capacitor yokufaka esikhundleni sama-capacitor axhunywe ngokuhambisana.
Uma i- C1 ingu-2 kanti i-C2 ingu -1 khona-ke amandla e-capacitor ethatha indawo yile:
C = C 1 + C 2 = 2 + 1 = 3
Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kubalwa, kuphethwa ngokuthi amandla e-capacitor eshintshayo makhulu kune-capacitance ye-capacitor ngayinye exhunywe ngokuhambisana.
