Isihloko mayelana namandla kagesi agcinwe kuma-capacitor
I -capacitor yakhiwe ngamapuleti omqhubi amabili futhi, phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili, kukhona i-dielectric. Ekuqaleni, abaqhubi ababili abangathathi hlangothi ngogesi. Ukuze i-capacitor isebenze, ipuleti ngalinye noma ishidi lomqhubi kumele lishajwe ngogesi, lapho inani leshaja kagesi kumqhubi ngamunye lilingana kodwa lihlukile ngohlobo. Ake sithi omunye wabaqhubi abashajwe ngu-Q = +10 Coulomb , omunye umqhubi ngu-Q = -10 Coulomb. Ukuba khona kohlobo olufanayo olukhulu kodwa oluphambene lweshaja kagesi kubaqhubi bobabili kudala insimu kagesi phakathi kwamacwecwe omqhubi amabili, lapho isiqondiso sensimu kagesi sisuka ekushajweni okuhle kuya ekushajweni okubi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona futhi umehluko wamandla kagesi phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili, lapho abaqhubi abashajwe kahle benamandla kagesi aphezulu kuyilapho abaqhubi abashajwe kabi benamandla kagesi aphansi.
Ukuze womabili ama-conductor ashajwe ngogesi, ama-conductor amabili axhunywe emthonjeni wamandla, njengebhethri noma omunye umthombo wamandla. Ekuqaleni, ama-conductor amabili awakhethi, lapho inani lama-electron ashajwe kabi kanye nama-proton ashajwe kahle lilingana. Ngemuva kwalokho ama-electron adluliselwa kusuka ku-conductor aye komunye umqhubi ukuze umqhubi olahlekelwa yi-electron ashajwe kahle kanye nomqhubi owamukela i-electron ashajwe kabi. Inani lama-electron adluliselwe lilingana nenani lama-electron atholiwe ukuze umqhubi ngamunye abe nokushajwa okufanayo kukagesi. Qaphela ukuthi lapho i-capacitor ixhunywe ebhethrini, ibhethri lisebenza ukuhambisa ama-electron kusuka komunye umqhubi kuya komunye.
Omunye wabaqondisi uxhunywe epalini elingemihle kanti omunye umqondisi uxhunywe epalini elingemihle. Ukuba khona komehluko wamandla kagesi (V) phakathi kwezinsika ezimbili zebhethri kubangela ukunyakaza kwama-electron (q) kusuka komunye umqondisi kuya komunye. Ukunyakaza kwama-electron kuyama ngemva komehluko wamandla phakathi kwabaqondisi ababili kulingana nomehluko wamandla ebhethri. Ekuqaleni, lapho umqondisi engashajwa ngogesi, akukho msebenzi odingekayo ukuhambisa ama-electron. Ngemva kokuba neshaja kagesi kumqondisi ngamunye, kuthatha umsebenzi ukuhambisa ama-electron. Uma ishaja kagesi inkulu kumqondisi ngamunye, kulapho umsebenzi wokuhambisa ama-electron uba mkhulu ngenxa yamandla okuxosha phakathi kwama-electron.
Ukuhamba kwama-electron kusuka komunye umqhubi kuya komunye akwenzeki ngesikhathi esisodwa kodwa kancane kancane ukuze i-voltage kagesi phakathi kwabaqhubi ababili nayo ikhuphuke kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke ukuze kubalwe umsebenzi ophelele (W) ngesikhathi sokudluliselwa kukagesi, kusetshenziswa inani elimaphakathi le-voltage (V/2). Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi owenziwayo ukuhambisa ama-electron yi-W = Q (V/2) = 1/2 Q V.
Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi wokuhambisa ama-electron ushintsha amandla kagesi agciniwe ku-capacitor, amandla kagesi agciniwe ku-capacitor yi-PE = 1/2 Q V.
Njengoba u-Q = CV, ifomula i-PE = 1/2 QV ingaguqulwa ibe yi-PE = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (CV) (V) = 1/2 CV 2 kanye ne-PE = 1/2 QV = 1/2 (Q) (Q/C) = 1/2 Q 2 / C. Lapho u-Q = ukushaja kukagesi, u-C = amandla, u-V = i-voltage kagesi.
Amandla kagesi ensimini kagesi
Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufaka ishaja, lapho umqhubi ngamunye eqala ukushaja ngogesi, phakathi kwamapuleti noma amashidi amabili, kuvela insimu kagesi. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi uyenziwa, ngaphezu kokwenza umqhubi ashaje ngogesi, futhi wethula ngokungaqondile insimu kagesi phakathi kwamapuleti noma amashidi ama-conductor. Ngenxa yokuthi umsebenzi ushintsha emandleni kagesi agcinwe ku-capacitor, kungacatshangwa ukuthi amandla agcinwa ensimini kagesi.
Le fomula elandelayo ifakazela ngokwezibalo ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kagesi kanye nensimu kagesi.
Esihlokweni esimayelana ne-parallel plate capacitor, kuthathwe ifomula C = A ε o / d kanti isihloko esimayelana ne-electric potential sithe ifomula V = E d. Ngaphambilini, ifomula ithathwe emandleni e-electric potential agcinwe ku-capacitor, i-PE = 1/2 CV 2.
I-PE = amandla kagesi angasetshenziswa, A = indawo engaphezulu, d = ibanga, A d = ivolumu, E = insimu kagesi, PE / A d = amandla kagesi angasetshenziswa ngeyunithi ngayinye ivolumu = ukuminyana kwamandla.
Ifomula engenhla ithi amandla kagesi angasebenza ngeyunithi ngayinye yesikhala ensimini kagesi ilingana nesikwele sensimu kagesi. Uma phakathi kwamapuleti amabili noma amashidi omqhubi kukhona i-dielectric, khona-ke i-εo (ukuvumela kwe-vacuum) ithathelwa indawo yi-permittivity yezinto ezibonakalayo (ε). Nakuba lesi sibalo sobuningi bamandla sitholakala kusetshenziswa i-equation ye-capacitor yamapuleti ahambisanayo, lesi sibalo sisebenza nakuzo zonke izikhala ezinensimu kagesi.
