Umehluko Phakathi Kwamagagasi Omshini Nakagesi
Amagagasi ayizinto ezibonakalayo ezidlala indima ebalulekile ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila kwansuku zonke kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile, amagagasi angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: amagagasi omshini kanye namagagasi kagesi. Womabili anezici ezihlukile, izakhiwo, kanye nezimiso zokusebenza. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola umehluko oyinhloko phakathi kwamagagasi omshini kanye namagagasi kagesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwawo kanye nokufaneleka kwawo empilweni yanamuhla.
1. Incazelo kanye nesisekelo sethiyori
Amagagasi omshini angamagagasi adinga indawo ebonakalayo (into ephakathi) ukuze isakazeke. Izibonelo ezivamile zamagagasi omshini zifaka phakathi amagagasi omsindo ahamba emoyeni, amagagasi amanzi ebusweni bolwandle, kanye namagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba ahamba eMhlabeni. Amagagasi omshini ancike ekuphazamisekeni noma ekudlidlizeni kwezinhlayiya endaweni ukuze asakazeke ukusuka endaweni eyodwa kuya kwenye.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaza kagesi angamagagasi angasakazeka ngaphandle kokudinga indawo ebonakalayo. Amaza kagesi aqukethe amasimu kagesi namagnetic ajikelezayo ajikelezayo aqonde komunye nomunye. Izibonelo ezaziwayo zamaza kagesi zihlanganisa imisebe yokukhanya, amaza omsakazo, ama-X-ray, kanye nemisebe ye-gamma.
2. Izakhiwo Ezibonakalayo kanye Nezimiso Zokusabalalisa
Ukusabalala kwamagagasi omshini kuncike ekusebenzisaneni phakathi kwezinhlayiya endaweni yezinto ezibonakalayo. Lapho igagasi lomshini lihamba endaweni, izinhlayiya kuleyo ndawo ziyanyakaza mayelana nezikhundla zazo zokulingana. Amagagasi omshini angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko: amagagasi amade namagagasi ajikelezayo. Amagagasi amade angamagagasi lapho izinhlayiya zendawo zinyakaza zihambisana nesiqondiso sokusabalala kwamagagasi (isb., amagagasi omsindo). Amagagasi ajikelezayo angamagagasi lapho izinhlayiya zendawo zinyakaza ziqonde ngqo endaweni yokusabalala kwamagagasi (isb., amagagasi entanjeni noma amagagasi amanzi).
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amagagasi kagesi awadingi indlela yokusabalalisa. Lawa magagasi aqukethe ukushintshashintsha kwamasimu kagesi namagnetic aqonde komunye nomunye futhi asakazeke nge-vacuum. UJames Clerk Maxwell wakha inkolelo-mbono yamagagasi kagesi ngekhulu le-19, ebonisa ukuthi insimu kagesi eshintshayo ikhiqiza insimu yamagnetic, kanti insimu yamagnetic eshintshayo ikhiqiza insimu kagesi. Ukuhlanganiswa kwala masimu amabili kukhiqiza amagagasi kagesi angasakazeka nge-vacuum ngesivinini sokukhanya.
3. Isivinini Sokusabalalisa
Ijubane lamagagasi omshini lincike kakhulu ezimpahleni zendlela ahamba ngayo. Isibonelo, ijubane lomsindo emoyeni ku-20°C licishe libe ngamamitha angu-343 ngomzuzwana, kodwa emanzini, ijubane lomsindo liyakhuphuka lifinyelele cishe kumamitha angu-1482 ngomzuzwana. Ijubane lamagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwedwala ahamba ngalo.
Ngokuphambene nalokho, amaza kagesi anejubane elingaguquki lapho ehamba nge-vacuum, eyaziwa ngokuthi ijubane lokukhanya. Ijubane lokukhanya ku-vacuum lingaba amamitha angu-299.792.458 ngomzuzwana (cishe amakhilomitha angu-300.000 ngomzuzwana). Ijubane lamaza kagesi lingancipha lapho ehamba nge-medium efana nengilazi, amanzi, noma umkhathi, kodwa lisashesha kakhulu kunejubane lamaza omshini.
4. Amandla kanye nemvamisa
Amandla athwalwa yigagasi elisebenza ngomshini ancike ku-amplitude (inani lokufuduka) kanye nemvamisa yamagagasi. Njengoba i-amplitude ikhula, amandla egagasi nawo ayanda. Uma kukhulunywa ngamagagasi omsindo, lokhu kusho ukuthi imisindo ephakeme inamandla aphezulu. Imvamisa yamagagasi omsindo ihlobene ne-pitch (ukuphakama noma ukwehla komsindo), lapho amaza aphezulu ekhiqiza imisindo ephakeme kanye namaza aphansi ekhiqiza imisindo ephansi.
Amagagasi kagesi nawo athwala amandla, kodwa amandla awo ancike ku-frequency kanye ne-wavelength. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kanye ne-frequency buchazwa yifomula kaPlanck (E = hν), lapho u-E engamandla, u-h engaguquki kaPlanck, kanye no-ν engaguquki. Amagagasi kagesi ane-frequency ephezulu, njenge-X-ray kanye nemisebe ye-gamma, anamandla aphezulu kunamagagasi omsakazo ane-frequency ephansi.
5. Izicelo kanye Nezibonelo
Amagagasi omshini anezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa empilweni yansuku zonke kanye nobuchwepheshe. Amagagasi omsindo asetshenziswa kwezokuxhumana, emculweni, kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha njenge-ultrasound. Amagagasi okuzamazama komhlaba asetshenziselwa ukutadisha isakhiwo sangaphakathi soMhlaba nokubona ukuzamazama komhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amagagasi omshini asetshenziswa kwezemidlalo nokuzijabulisa okuhlukahlukene, njengokuntweza emanzini.
Amagagasi kagesi anezindlela eziningi zokusebenzisa emikhakheni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuxhumana, ezokwelapha kanye nobuchwepheshe. Umsakazo kanye nethelevishini zisebenzisa amagagasi omsakazo ukudlulisa izimpawu. Ukukhanya kwe-infrared kusetshenziswa ezilawulini ezikude kanye namadivayisi okubona ebusuku. Ukukhanya okubonakalayo kusenza sikwazi ukubona umhlaba osizungezile, kuyilapho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet, ama-X-ray, kanye nemisebe ye-gamma kusetshenziswa ezindleleni ezahlukene zezokwelapha nezocwaningo.
Isiphetho
Nakuba amagagasi omshini kanye namagagasi kagesi kuyizinhlobo ezibalulekile zamagagasi ku-physics kanye nobuchwepheshe, anomehluko oyisisekelo ezindleleni zawo zokusabalala, izakhiwo zomzimba, isivinini, kanye nokusetshenziswa. Amagagasi kagesi adinga indawo yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi angaba made noma aguquguquke, kuyilapho amagagasi kagesi kagesi angasakazeka nge-vacuum futhi aqukethe amasimu kagesi namagnetic ajikelezayo.
Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Naphezu kwalokhu kungafani, womabili amaza omshini kanye nakagesi abe negalelo elikhulu ekuthuthukisweni nasekududuzeni kwempilo yabantu banamuhla. Ngocwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nokusungula izinto ezintsha, singaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izakhiwo ezihlukile zalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zamaza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yethu yokuphila.
