Ukuqonda Insimu Kamagnetic Yomhlaba
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba iyinto engabonakali kodwa ebalulekile ekuphileni emhlabeni wethu. Isebenza imisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekusivikeleni emisebeni eyingozi yendawo yonke kuya ekusizeni izilwane ezifudukayo ukuba zihambe amabanga amade. Lesi sihloko sizohlola ngokujulile ukuthi iyini insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba, ukuthi yakheka kanjani, kanye nendima yayo ebalulekile ezicini ezahlukene zokuphila eMhlabeni.
Isingeniso Ensimini KaMagnetic Yomhlaba
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba iyinsimu yamagnetic ekhiqizwa amandla angaphakathi kwengaphakathi loMhlaba ekhonza ukuvikela ezinhlayiyeni ezishajayo eziyingozi ezivela emkhathini, ezaziwa ngokuthi umoya welanga. Le nsimu ithonya izici ezahlukahlukene zokuphila kule planethi, kusukela ekuzulazuleni kwesathelayithi kuya ekuziphatheni kwezilwane.
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba ingahlukaniswa kabanzi ibe yizingxenye ezimbili: insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle kanye nensimu yamagnetic yangaphakathi. Insimu yamagnetic yangaphandle ikhiqizwa ukusebenzisana phakathi kwensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba nomoya welanga, okuwumfudlana wezinhlayiya ezishajiwe ezikhishwa yiLanga. Okwamanje, insimu yamagnetic yangaphakathi ikhiqizwa ukunyakaza kwensimbi ewuketshezi kanye ne-nickel ngaphakathi kwengaphakathi loMhlaba.
Umsuka Wensimu Kamagnetic Yomhlaba
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba isuka ngokuyinhloko enkambisweni ebizwa ngokuthi "i-geodynamo." Le nqubo yenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yangaphandle yoketshezi yoMhlaba, eyakhiwa yi-liquid iron kanye ne-nickel. Ngaphakathi kwengqikithi yangaphandle, lokhu kunyakaza kokuguquguquka koketshezi kuqhutshwa yi-thermal gradient (umehluko wokushisa phakathi kwengqikithi yangaphakathi kanye ne-mantle).
Lokhu kuhlangana kwe-convection enkabeni engaphandle kukhiqiza imisinga kagesi, ngomthetho kaFaraday wokungeniswa kwe-electromagnetic, ekhiqiza insimu yamagnetic. Imiphumela ehlangene yokujikeleza koMhlaba (okukhiqiza amandla eCoriolis) kanye nokuhlangana kwe-convection enkabeni engaphandle kubangela ukufinyela kanye nokwakheka kwensimu yamagnetic efana kakhulu nensimu yamagnetic ye-dipole ekhiqizwa yi-bar magnet.
Isakhiwo Sensimu Kamagnetic Yomhlaba
Insimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba empeleni inesakhiwo se-dipole, okusho ukuthi inezinsika ezimbili—eyodwa insika esenyakatho neyodwa insika eseningizimu. Kodwa-ke, insimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba akuyona i-dipole ephelele ngoba iqukethe izingxenye ezingezona i-dipolar ezibangela ukuthi insimu yamagnetic ihluke ezindaweni ezahlukene ebusweni boMhlaba.
Izinsika zikagesi zomhlaba azizinzile futhi ziyashintsha kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, into eyaziwa ngokuthi "ukushintsha kwezinsika zikagesi." Ngezikhathi ezithile emlandweni we-geological woMhlaba, insimu kagesi idlula ngisho nokuguqulwa, lapho izinsika zikagesi zasenyakatho nezaseningizimu zishintshana khona. Lokhu kuguqulwa kwenzeka njalo eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kodwa izindlela ezilawula lokhu kushintshana zihlala ziyindaba yocwaningo olusebenzayo.
Ngaphandle kwezigxobo zikagesi, kukhona "i-equator kagesi," lapho insimu kagesi kagesi yoMhlaba ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Kule ndawo, imigqa yensimu kagesi kagesi, evame ukuhamba kusukela empondweni osenyakatho kuya empondweni oseningizimu, ngokuvamile ihambisana nobuso boMhlaba.
Ithonya Lensimu Kamagnetic Yomhlaba Ekuphileni
Ukuvikelwa Emisebeni Yendawo Yonke
Omunye wemisebenzi ebalulekile yamandla kazibuthe oMhlaba ukuvikela iplanethi yethu emoyeni welanga nakwezinye izinhlayiya ezishajayo ezivela emkhathini. Umoya welanga uwumfudlana wezinhlayiya ezishajayo ezikhishwa yiLanga, futhi uma zingahlungwanga, lezi zinhlayiya zingalimaza umkhathi nobuso boMhlaba, zisongele zonke izinhlobo zokuphila.
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba isebenza njengesivikelo, ithonya indlela izinhlayiya ezishajiwe eziqondiswa ngayo futhi igcina iningi lazo likude. Lezi zinhlayiya zivame ukubanjwa ngaphakathi kwamabhande emisebe kaVan Allen, izingqimba ezimbili zepulasitiki zama-electron nama-proton azungeze uMhlaba futhi avimbele ngempumelelo le misebe ukuthi ingafiki ebusweni boMhlaba.
Ukuzulazula
Izilwane eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinyoni, izinhlanzi, nezilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle, zisebenzisa amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba njengendlela yokuhamba. Lesi simo saziwa ngokuthi "i-magnetoreception." Ngokuzwa amandla kazibuthe, lezi zilwane zinganquma isiqondiso, esizisiza ukuba zithuthele ezindaweni ezikude ngokunemba okumangalisayo.
Abantu basebenzise amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba ngokudala ikhampasi kazibuthe esebenza ukukhombisa indlela yezinsika zasenyakatho nezaseningizimu ezisebenza kazibuthe, okwenza kube lula ukuhamba olwandle nasezweni.
Umsebenzi we-Tectonic kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba
Izifundo zakamuva zibonise nokuxhumana okungenzeka phakathi kwezinguquko ensimini yamagnetic yoMhlaba kanye nomsebenzi we-tectonic noma ukuzamazama komhlaba. Abanye ososayensi baye bacabanga ukuthi ukuguquguquka kwensimu yamagnetic ezindaweni ezithile kungaba yizinkomba ezingaba khona zomsebenzi we-tectonic ozayo, yize lokhu kusalokhu kuyindawo yocwaningo engakaqondwa ngokugcwele.
Ubuchwepheshe beSathelayithi
Insimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba nayo ithinta ukusebenza kwama-satellite kanye nobuchwepheshe besikhala. Ama-satellite azungeza uMhlaba kumele alandele insimu yamagnetic ukuze alondoloze izindlela ezifanele zokujikeleza futhi avikele izinsimbi zikagesi emonakalweni ongabangelwa yizinhlayiya ezishaje kakhulu ezivaleleke ensimini yamagnetic.
Ucwaningo Lwakamuva Nentuthuko
Ucwaningo ngensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba luyaqhubeka, kusetshenziswa izinsimbi nezindlela ezahlukahlukene ezithuthukisiwe, okuhlanganisa amasathelayithi okubuka i-geomagnetic njengesathelayithi ze-European Space Agency (ESA) Swarm. Amaphrojekthi afana nalawa avumela ososayensi ukuthi baqaphe izinguquko ensimini yamagnetic yoMhlaba ngokunemba okuphezulu, okubalulekile ekuqondeni amandla ahilelekile ekugcineni le nsimu yamagnetic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulingisa kwamakhompyutha nakho kube ithuluzi elibalulekile ekufundweni kwensimu yamagnetic yoMhlaba, okuvumela ososayensi ukuba babonise ukuguquguquka kwengaphakathi langaphandle futhi babikezele ukuthi izinguquko ensimini yamagnetic zingathinta kanjani iplanethi yethu esikhathini esizayo.
Isiphetho
Insimu yamagnetic yomhlaba iyisici esibalulekile nesiyinkimbinkimbi seplanethi yethu, esisivikela emisebeni eyingozi yendawo yonke, sisekela ukuhamba kwezinhlobo eziningi, futhi sithonya ngisho nezimo ze-geological kanye nezobuchwepheshe. Ukwakheka kanye nokuguquguquka kwale nsimu yamagnetic kuwumphumela wezinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphakathi kwenhliziyo yoMhlaba ezisalokhu ziwucwaningo olusebenzayo phakathi kososayensi.
Ukuqonda amandla kazibuthe oMhlaba nokuthi izinguquko kuwo zingasithinta kanjani kubalulekile ekusimeni kokuphila nobuchwepheshe eMhlabeni. Ngobuchwepheshe obuthuthukayo, singaqhubeka nokuxazulula izimfihlakalo ezizungeze lesi simo semvelo futhi sithole izindlela ezintsha zokusivikela nokusisebenzisa.
