Izindlela Zokucwaninga Nge-Ethnography Zedijithali Ocwaningweni Lwe-Anthropological
Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kushintsha indlela abantu abaxhumana ngayo, abakha ngayo ubuwena, futhi bakhe imiphakathi. Izindawo zomphakathi ezazitholakala kakhulu ubuso nobuso—njengezimakethe, amahholo asemakhaya, izindawo zokukhulekela, noma amakhampasi—manje zinezilinganiso zedijithali: amaqembu e-WhatsApp, izinkundla eziku-inthanethi, izinkundla zokuxhumana, imidlalo eku-inthanethi, ngisho nezinkundla zokwabelana ngamavidiyo. Lezi zinguquko zidinga i-anthropology ukuthi yandise ububanzi bayo bokufunda. Enye indlela evelele i-ethnography yedijithali, indlela ebeka imikhuba yomphakathi ezindaweni zedijithali njengezinto zokufunda kanye nezinsimu zophenyo.
I-ethnography yedijithali ayigcini nje ngokubuka imithombo yezokuxhumana. Kuyindlela yokuguqula isiko le-ethnography yakudala—eligcizelela ukubandakanyeka komcwaningi, ukubheka abahlanganyeli, kanye nokuhumusha incazelo ngokombono womlingisi—kuya kumongo wempilo eqondiswa ubuchwepheshe . Okufundwayo akuzona nje imibhalo noma okuthunyelwe, kodwa futhi nobudlelwano, izindinganiso, imizwa, izingxabano, ukusebenza kokuzimelela, kanye nengqalasizinda yesikhulumi ebumba okuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi.
Ukuqonda i-Ethnography Yedijithali: Imiqondo kanye Nobubanzi
Ngokuvamile, i-ethnography yedijithali iyindlela yocwaningo olusezingeni eliphezulu olufunda isiko, imikhuba, kanye nezincazelo zomphakathi ezenzeka ngobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Igama elithi "digital" lapha lihlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene: imidiya yezenhlalo, amapulatifomu ezingxoxo, imiphakathi yezingxoxo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zokuthandana, umnotho wabadali, abalandeli, ngisho nezindawo zokusebenza ezikude. Ku-anthropology, i-ethnography yedijithali ibalulekile ngoba iyasiza ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nokuthi abantu bakha kanjani "ubunye" ngaphandle kokuba khona ngokomzimba, ukuthi igunya lomphakathi lishintsha kanjani emiphakathini eku-inthanethi , noma ukuthi ubunikazi buxoxiswana kanjani ngamaphrofayili, izithombe, amazwana, kanye nemininingwane yedatha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imingcele phakathi kwezwe "eliku-inthanethi" kanye "elingaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi" iya ngokuya ifiphala. Imikhuba eminingi yedijithali ixhumene ngqo nokuphila kwansuku zonke: ukuthenga izinto ezidingekayo, ukuhlela izenzo zomphakathi, imfundo, ngisho namasiko enkolo. Ngakho-ke, i-ethnography yedijithali ivame ukwedlula isikrini, kodwa ihlola ukuxhumana kwayo nomongo obanzi wezenhlalo. Abacwaningi bangahlanganisa ukubonwa kwedijithali nezingxoxo, ukuvakasha ensimini, noma izifundo zokubhala phansi ukuze bakhe isithombe esibanzi.
Izici Eziyinhloko Zezindlela Zokufunda I-Ethnography Zedijithali
Kunezici eziningana ezihlukanisa i-ethnography yedijithali ne-ethnography evamile noma ukuhlaziywa nje kwemidiya.
Okokuqala, ucwaningo olusekelwe epulatifomu. Ipulatifomu ngayinye inemithetho ehlukene, ama-algorithms, izici, kanye namasiko okuxhumana. Abantu baziphatha ngendlela ehlukile ku-Instagram kunaku-TikTok, X, Reddit, noma ku-Discord. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi kudingeka baqonde "ukwakheka kwepulatifomu": okubonakalayo, okufihliwe, ukuthi okuqukethwe kunconywa kanjani, nokuthi abasebenzisi bazivumelanisa kanjani naleyo mithetho.
Okwesibili, idatha iwuphawu lwedijithali. Ukusebenzisana ezindaweni zedijithali kuvame ukushiya amarekhodi: izingxoxo, amazwana, okuthunyelwe, ukusabela, kanye nezilinganiso. Lokhu kunikeza ithuba lokuhlola imikhuba yezenhlalo ngokuningiliziwe, kodwa futhi kuveza izinselele ezibalulekile zokuziphatha ngoba lezi zimpawu zingaqukatha ulwazi olubucayi.
Okwesithathu, ukuba khona komcwaningi kungahluka. Ku-ethnography yakudala, umcwaningi ukhona "njengomuntu wangaphandle" ohlala emphakathini othile. Ku-ethnography yedijithali, umcwaningi angaba khona njengomqapheli ongenzi lutho, ilungu lomphakathi, noma umhlanganyeli osebenzayo—kuye ngokuthi ucwaningo luhlelwe kanjani, imvume yomhlanganyeli, kanye nezingozi ezingaba khona.
Okwesine, ukuguquguquka komphakathi kushintsha ngokushesha. Imiphakathi yedijithali ingakhula, iqhekeke, noma ithuthele kwamanye amapulatifomu ngesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke, abacwaningi kudingeka babe nezimo nezimo, ngenkathi begcina imibhalo ephelele.
Izigaba Zokusebenzisa I-Ethnography Yedijithali
Nakuba kungekho modeli eyodwa ejwayelekile, i-ethnography yedijithali ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
1. Yakha imibuzo bese ukhetha izindawo zedijithali
Abacwaningi baqala ngemibuzo ecacile yesayensi yabantu, isibonelo: imiphakathi yabalandeli be-K-pop yakha kanjani ubumbano kanye nohlelo? Abathengisi abancane basebenzisa kanjani ukuhweba bukhoma ukwakha ukwethembana? Ukuhlobana kwenkolo kuxoxiswana kanjani ngaphakathi kwamaqembu omphakathi?
“Indawo” ku-ethnography yedijithali ingaba yiqembu lengxoxo elilodwa, i-hashtag eyodwa, iforamu eyodwa, isiteshi somphakathi esisodwa, noma kuzo zonke izinkundla. Ukukhetha indawo kufanele kucabangele ukufaneleka, ukufinyelela, kanye nokuphepha.
2. Ukudweba abadlali, izindinganiso, kanye nezilinganiso zokuxhumana
Abacwaningi benza ukuqondisa kokuqala: ukuthi obani abadlali, isakhiwo sendima siyini (abaphathi, abaqondisi, amalungu akhona, amalungu amasha), ukuthi yiziphi izindinganiso ezisebenza, nokuthi umsebenzi ufinyelela nini esicongweni. Lokhu kuhlela kusiza abacwaningi ukuqonda umongo ngaphambi kokufinyelela iziphetho mayelana nencazelo yesenzakalo noma okuthunyelwe okukodwa.
3. Ukubuka kwabahlanganyeli kanye namanothi ensimu
Ukubuka kwabahlanganyeli esimweni sedijithali kungabandakanya ukuhlanganyela ezingxoxweni, ukulandela ukusakazwa bukhoma, ukuya emicimbini ebonakalayo, noma ukumane ubukele ukugeleza kwezingxoxo. Abacwaningi bavame ukubhala amanothi asensimini aqopha izikhathi ezibalulekile, izingxabano, amahlaya angaphakathi, izinguquko zolimi, izimpawu, kanye nokuzindla komcwaningi ngokwakhe.
4. Izingxoxo kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa izindawo eziningi
Ukuze kujuliswe ukuqonda, abacwaningi bangenza izingxoxo eziku-inthanethi (ngezingxoxo noma ngevidiyo) namalungu omphakathi. Le ndlela isiza ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nezisusa, imizwa, kanye nokuhumusha okungabonakali ngaso sonke isikhathi emikhondweni yedijithali. Izifundo eziningi zihlanganisa ne-ethnography yedijithali nokubuka okungaxhunyiwe ku-inthanethi, njengoba imikhuba esesikrinini ivame ukuxhunyaniswa nezimo zezenhlalo, zomndeni, kanye nezomsebenzi.
5. Ukuhlaziya, ukuhumusha, kanye nokuqinisekisa
Ukuhlaziya kuyahumusha: abacwaningi bahumusha amaphethini omphakathi kanye nezincazelo ezivela kudatha eqoqwe. Ukuqinisekisa ukunemba, abacwaningi bangahlukanisa (qhathanisa imithombo yedatha), ukuhlola amalungu (ukuqinisekisa okutholakele nabahlanganyeli), noma baqhathanise ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke izinkundla.
Izimiso Zokuziphatha Zocwaningo ku-Ethnography Yedijithali
Izinkinga zokuziphatha zibalulekile ku-ethnography yedijithali. Nakuba idatha eningi "isobala," lokhu akusho ukuthi ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokucatshangelwa. Abacwaningi kudingeka bacabangele izici eziningana: ingabe ababambiqhaza bayaqonda ukuthi indawo ingaphansi kokubhekwa? Ingabe kukhona ingozi yokuxhashazwa, ukuxhashazwa, noma imiphumela yomphakathi uma izingcezu zenziwe obala? Ingabe iqembu okukhulunywa ngalo lisengozini (isib., abantu abancane, imiphakathi evaliwe, izisulu zobudlova, noma izisebenzi ezingakahleleki)?
Izimiso ezibalulekile zifaka phakathi imvume enolwazi, ukuvikelwa kobunikazi (ukungaziwa), ukugcinwa kwedatha okuphephile, kanye nokucaca mayelana nendima yomcwaningi. Kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi kungadingeka bashintshe izingcaphuno, bafihle imininingwane, noma bafune imvume ethile ngaphambi kokubonisa izithombe-skrini. Ukuziphatha kuhlanganisa nokuzindla ngesimo somcwaningi: ukuthi ukuba khona kwakhe kushintsha yini ukuguquguquka komphakathi, kanye nendlela abaphatha ngayo ubudlelwano bamandla.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulinganiselwa kwe-Digital Ethnography
I-ethnography yedijithali inikeza izinzuzo ezibalulekile: ukufinyelela emiphakathini kuzo zonke izifunda, izinkomba ezicebile zokusebenzisana, kanye nekhono lokubona imikhuba yezenhlalo engaveli njalo ezingxoxweni ezisemthethweni. Le ndlela iyasebenza nasekufundeni izenzakalo zanamuhla ezifana namasiko abantu abathonya, ezombusazwe ze-hashtag, umnotho we-gig, kanye namasiko angokoqobo.
Kodwa-ke, kunemikhawulo okudingeka iqashelwe. Okokuqala, abacwaningi bangase balahlekelwe umongo ongewona owezwi, izimo zomzimba, kanye nobudlelwano ngaphandle kwepulatifomu. Okwesibili, ama-algorithms epulatifomu angathonya lokho abacwaningi abakubonayo, ngakho-ke "iqiniso" elibonwayo alithathi hlangothi ngokuphelele. Okwesithathu, imiphakathi yedijithali ivame ukuba nezinhlaka zangasese—isibonelo, izingxoxo kuma-DM—okunzima ukuzifinyelela ngaphandle kwemvume. Okwesine, inani ledatha lingaba likhulu kakhulu, lidinga abacwaningi ukuba bakhethe futhi bahleleke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kuhlala kujulile, kunokuba kube nje okuchazayo.
I-Penutup
I-ethnography yedijithali yandisa imiqondo yabantu ukuze iqonde impilo yabantu exhumene kakhulu nobuchwepheshe. Ngokuhlanganisa ukubuka kwabahlanganyeli, izingxoxo, ukuzindla okubucayi, kanye nokunaka okujulile ekuziphatheni okuhle, i-ethnography yedijithali ivumela abacwaningi ukuthi babambe ukuguquguquka kwesiko lesimanje : ukuthi incazelo yakhiwa kanjani ngezikhala, ukuthi imiphakathi yakhiwa kanjani ngama-algorithms, nokuthi ubunikazi buxoxiswana kanjani ezindaweni ezihlala emphakathini nezomuntu siqu ngasikhathi sinye. Phakathi koshintsho olusheshayo lomphakathi, i-ethnography yedijithali akuyona nje indlela yokukhetha indlela, kodwa iyimfuneko yokuqonda okuphelele kwabantu esikhathini sedijithali.
