I-Anthropology Ebonakalayo kanye Nocwaningo Lwemiphakathi Eku-inthanethi
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana ishintshe indlela esixhumana futhi sibonisana ngayo. Omunye umthelela walolu shintsho ukuvela kwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi enikeza izikhala zokwabelana, ukuxoxa, nokwakha ukuxhumana nabantu, ngisho nasezweni eliku-inthanethi. Lokhu kuveza amathuba nezinselele emkhakheni we-anthropology, ikakhulukazi ekuqondeni impilo yomphakathi esimweni sedijithali. I-anthropology eku-inthanethi iyigatsha elisha lesifundo se-anthropological esigxile ekuhloleni nasekuqondeni imiphakathi eku-inthanethi nokuthi ibonisa kanjani imikhuba yomphakathi, isiko, kanye nobunikazi.
I-Anthropology: Kusukela Ezweni Langempela Kuya Ezweni Elibonakalayo
Ngokwesiko, i-anthropology ibilokhu iwucwaningo lwabantu, amasiko, kanye nemiphakathi ezimweni zangempela zokuphila. Izazi ze-anthropology zihlola izici ezahlukahlukene zokuphila komuntu, kusukela emasikweni nasebudlelwaneni bezenhlalo kuya ezinhlelweni zezinkolelo. Bavame ukuzibandakanya emsebenzini wasensimini odinga ukuxhumana ngqo nabantu ababaphethe. Kodwa-ke, ngokufika kwe-inthanethi kanye namanethiwekhi omphakathi aku-inthanethi, umqondo "wensimu" ku-anthropology usuqalile ukushintsha.
I-anthropology ebonakalayo ivula indlela yokuthi abacwaningi bahlole imiphakathi eku-inthanethi njengomkhakha omusha. Kulesi simo, izazi ze-anthropology zisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene zocwaningo, njenge-ethnography ebonakalayo, ukuze zibone, zisebenzisane, futhi ziqonde ukuguquguquka kwemiphakathi yedijithali.
Indlela Yokwenza Izinto Ku-Anthropology Ebonakalayo
Izindlela zokwenza izinto ezisetshenziswayo ku-anthropology ebonakalayo zivumelanisa amasu ahlukahlukene akhona kusukela ku-anthropology yendabuko kodwa ziwavumelanise nesimo sedijithali. Ezinye zezindlela eziyinhloko ezisetshenziswayo zifaka:
1. I-Ethnography Engokoqobo: I-ethnography engokoqobo iyindlela yocwaningo evumela izazi ze-anthropologist ukuthi zenze ukuqaphela kwabahlanganyeli emiphakathini eku-inthanethi. Empeleni, abacwaningi bangahlanganyela ngenkuthalo ezingxoxweni zeforamu, bafunde izingxoxo ezigciniwe, futhi baxoxisane namalungu omphakathi ngezingxoxo noma ngevidiyo.
2. I-Netnography: I-Netnography, noma i-Ethnography ye-Inthanethi, ingenye indlela egxile ekufundweni kokuziphatha, ukusebenzisana, kanye namasiko akhiwe endaweni ye-inthanethi. Le ndlela ivame ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziywa kokuqukethwe ukuqonda ukuthi imiyalezo kanye nezindaba zakhiwa futhi zamukelwa kanjani emiphakathini eku-inthanethi.
3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwenethiwekhi Yokuxhumana: Ukuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana kusetshenziselwa ukumaka nokuqonda ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu omphakathi oku-inthanethi. Le ndlela ingasiza abacwaningi ukuthi babone isakhiwo senhlalo, babone abantu ababalulekile, kanye namaphethini okuxhumana ngaphakathi kwenethiwekhi.
4. Izingxoxo Eziku-inthanethi: Le ndlela ihlanganisa izingxoxo ezenziwa ngezinkundla zokuxoxa eziku-inthanethi, amapulatifomu okuxoxa, noma izingcingo zevidiyo. Lezi zingxoxo zinganikeza ukuqonda okujulile okuhlangenwe nakho kanye nemibono yamalungu omphakathi ngamanye.
Ucwaningo Lwesibonelo: Umphakathi Wabadlali Begeyimu Ku-inthanethi
Omunye umphakathi oku-inthanethi ovame ukufundwa ku-anthropology engokoqobo umphakathi wemidlalo. Imiphakathi yemidlalo eku-inthanethi inikeza isibonelo esicebile sendlela ubunikazi namasiko okwakheka ngayo ezimweni zedijithali. Le miphakathi inezimiso, amasiko, kanye nezigaba zomphakathi ezihlukile.
Imiphakathi eminingi yemidlalo yakheke eduze kwemidlalo ethile, njenge-"World of Warcraft" noma "League of Legends." Abadlali bavame ukusebenzisa amagama angewona awoqobo futhi bakhe ubunikazi obuku-inthanethi obuhlukile ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu kobunikazi babo bangempela. Lokhu kube yiphuzu elithakazelisayo kososayensi be-anthropology ekuqondeni umqondo wobunikazi bedijithali.
Izifundo zemiphakathi yokudlala imidlalo eku-inthanethi ziveza nokuthi ezinye izici ezifana nobulili, ubuzwe, kanye nesimo senhlalo zihlolwa futhi ziqondwa kanjani ezindaweni zedijithali. Isibonelo, izifundo eziningana zibonise ukuthi ukuguquguquka kobulili kwenzeka kanjani emiphakathini yokudlala imidlalo, lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zokubandlululwa zibhekene nabadlali besifazane.
Ubunikazi kanye nokumelwa endaweni ye-inthanethi
Enye yezindikimba eziyinhloko ku-anthropology ebonakalayo ukuthi ubunikazi bakhiwa futhi bumelelwa kanjani endaweni ye-inthanethi. Ubunikazi bedijithali buvame ukugeleza futhi bunezinhlangothi eziningi, okuvumela abantu ukuthi bahlole futhi baveze imizwa yabo ngezindlela ezingenakwenzeka ngaso sonke isikhathi emhlabeni ongokoqobo.
Izinkundla zokuxhumana, izinkundla zokuxoxisana, kanye nezinkundla zemidlalo zinikeza abantu ithuba lokwakha ubuntu bedijithali. Abanye bangakhetha ukuveza ubuwena obufana kakhulu nobomuntu wangempela, kanti abanye bangakhetha ukuzama ubuwena obuhluke ngokuphelele.
Lokhu kwakhiwa kobunikazi bedijithali kufaka phakathi izici ezifana namagama abasebenzisi, ama-avatar, nokuqukethwe okwabiwe. Lezi zikhetho zivame ukubonisa izici ezibalulekile zobunikazi bomuntu, njengobulili, izinto azithandayo, nezinkolelo.
Indima Yemizwa Nomphakathi
Imiphakathi eku-inthanethi akuyona nje indawo yokwabelana ngolwazi, kodwa futhi yindawo yokwabelana ngemizwa. Ezifundweni zemiphakathi eku-inthanethi, imizwa ivame ukubonakala ngendlela yokusekelana, ubumbano, kanye nokunye ukuxhumana ngokomzwelo.
Isibonelo, emiphakathini yokusekelana eku-inthanethi, amalungu avame ukwabelana ngolwazi futhi anikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo komunye nomunye. Le miphakathi inganikeza umuzwa ojulile wokuxhumana nokuxhumana, yize amalungu engase angaphinde ahlangane ubuso nobuso.
Izinselele ku-Virtual Anthropology
Naphezu kwamathuba amaningi ayo, i-anthropology ebonakalayo nayo ibhekene nezinselele ezahlukahlukene. Inselele enkulu yizinkinga zokuziphatha, ikakhulukazi lezo ezihlobene nobumfihlo kanye nemvume. Ukuqoqa idatha emiphakathini eku-inthanethi kuvame ukuhilela ukubuka ukuxhumana kwangasese noma okuyingxenye yobumfihlo, ngakho abacwaningi kumele baqaphele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amalungelo obumfihlo abantu ngabanye namaqembu ayahlonishwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthembeka kwedatha nakho kuyinselele. Ukuxhumana ku-inthanethi kungaba yinto engaziwa noma kusetshenziswe amagama angamanga, okwenza kube nzima ngabacwaningi ukuqinisekisa ubuqiniso bobunikazi bamalungu omphakathi.
Isiphetho
I-anthropology ebonakalayo iyinsimu ekhula ngokushesha, njengoba ubuchwepheshe kanye ne-inthanethi kuqhubeka nokuguquka. Ngezindlela ezahlukene zocwaningo ezifana ne-ethnography ebonakalayo, i-netnography, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwenethiwekhi yokuxhumana nabantu, izazi ze-anthropology zingahlola futhi ziqonde ukuguquguquka kwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi. Ucwaningo lwemiphakathi eku-inthanethi lusiza ekuboneni ukuthi ubunikazi namasiko kwakheka kanjani ezimweni zedijithali, nokuthi imizwa kanye nobudlelwano bomphakathi buhunyushwa kanjani ezindaweni eziku-inthanethi.
Naphezu kokubhekana nezinselele ezahlukahlukene, ucwaningo kulo mkhakha lunamandla okunikeza ukuqonda okujulile ngempilo yezenhlalo yabantu esikhathini sedijithali. Ngakho-ke, i-anthropology ebonakalayo ayigcini nje ngokwandisa ububanzi besifundo se-anthropology kodwa futhi isisiza siqonde ukuthi ubuchwepheshe bushintsha kanjani indlela esiphila ngayo, esisebenzisana ngayo, futhi esibumba ngayo ubuwena bethu.
