I-Ethnography kanye ne-ethnology ku-anthropology

I-Ethnography kanye ne-Ethnology ku-Anthropology

I-Anthropology iyisifundo sesayensi esihlola abantu ngezindlela eziningi, okuhlanganisa izici zomzimba, zamasiko, kanye nezenhlalo. Ngaphakathi kwale nsimu, kunezifundo ezimbili ezivelele: i-ethnography kanye ne-ethnology. Lezi zifundo ezimbili zivame ukubhekwa njengezifanayo, kodwa empeleni zinomehluko omkhulu kuzo zombili izindlela kanye nezindlela. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngomehluko kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-ethnography kanye ne-ethnology ngaphakathi komongo we-anthropology, kanye nokubaluleka kwazo ekuqondeni ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko abantu.

Isingeniso: Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo

I-Ethnography ingachazwa kalula njengokutadisha isiko labantu ngokubuka ngqo kanye nokubamba iqhaza ekuphileni kwansuku zonke kweqembu elifundwayo. I-Ethnography ngokuvamile ihilela izindlela ezijulile zokuqoqa idatha, njengezingxoxo ezijulile, ukubuka abahlanganyeli, kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezindaba. Umgomo oyinhloko we-ethnography ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile ngamasiko, imikhuba yezenhlalo, kanye nemibono yomhlaba yeqembu elifundwayo.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ethnology iyigatsha le-anthropology elihilela ukuqhathanisa nokuhlaziya amasiko ahlukahlukene. I-ethnology isebenzisa idatha eqoqwe ababhali be-ethnography ukwenza ukujwayelana, ukuhlonza amaphethini avamile, nokuthuthukisa imibono mayelana nezici ezahlukene zomphakathi wesintu namasiko. Ngamanye amazwi, i-ethnology isebenza ezingeni elikhulu lokuhlaziya, ibeka idatha ye-ethnography ngaphakathi komongo obanzi ukuze kwakhiwe isithombe esibanzi sokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko.

I-Ethnography: Izindlela Nezindlela Zokusebenzisa

I-Ethnography ivame ukubhekwa njengomgogodla we -anthropology yamasiko nezenhlalo. Le ndlela idinga ucwaningo olunzulu nolwesikhathi eside emkhakheni, olwaziwa ngokuthi umsebenzi wasensimini. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wasensimini, ababhali be-ethnographer bahlala nomphakathi ofundwayo futhi bahlanganyele ekuphileni kwabo kwansuku zonke. Lokhu kuvumela ababhali be-ethnographer ukuthola ukuqonda okujulile nokuyiqiniso ngamasiko, izindinganiso, kanye nezindinganiso zeqembu elifundwayo.

Izindlela zokuqoqa idatha ku-ethnography ziyahlukahluka. Ukubuka ngokuhlanganyela kuyindlela eyinhloko, lapho abacwaningi bengagcini nje ngokubuka kodwa futhi bahlanganyela emisebenzini yansuku zonke yomphakathi. Lokhu kusiza abacwaningi ukuqonda umongo wezenzo nokuziphatha okubonwayo. Izingxoxo ezijulile nazo zisetshenziselwa ukuthola imibono yomuntu siqu kanye nezindaba ezivela kumalungu eqembu elifundwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ababhali be-ethnography bavame ukusebenzisa ukubuyekezwa kwamadokhumenti, izithombe, ngisho nokuqoshwa kwamavidiyo njengengxenye yezindlela zabo zokuqoqa idatha.

Isibonelo esivelele se-ethnography umsebenzi kaBronislaw Malinowski, owanyatheliswa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lapho afunda khona abantu baseTrobriand Islands eNingizimu yePacific. Ngokubuka kwabahlanganyeli kanye nokuhlaziya okujulile, uMalinowski wembula ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi bezenhlalo kanye nezinhlelo zokushintshana ngaphakathi kwale miphakathi.

I-Ethnology: Ukuhlaziywa kanye Nokujwayelekile

I-Ethnology igcizelela ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kanye nokwethiyori kusetshenziswa idatha ye-ethnographic njengesisekelo. Izazi ze-ethnology ziqoqa idatha ezifundweni ezahlukahlukene ze-ethnographic ukuze zifune amaphethini abonisa ukufana noma umehluko phakathi kwamasiko. Umgomo wale ndlela ukwenza ukujwayelana nokuthuthukisa imibono echaza izimo ezahlukahlukene zomphakathi nezamasiko.

Isibonelo, isazi se-ethnology singase sibe nesithakazelo sokufunda izinhlelo zobudlelwano phakathi kwamasiko. Besebenzisa idatha ye-ethnography, bangenza ukuqhathanisa ukuze banqume ukuthi kukhona yini amaphethini avamile endleleni izihlobo ezichazwa ngayo kanye nezindima abazidlalayo empilweni yomphakathi.

Enye yezinkolelo-mbono ezinkulu kwezenhlalo yi- structuralism kaClaude Lévi-Strauss . U-Lévi-Strauss wasebenzisa indlela yokuqhathanisa ukuhlola izinganekwane nezakhiwo zomphakathi zamasiko ahlukene . Waphikisana ngokuthi kukhona isakhiwo esiyisisekelo esisekelwe kuwo wonke amasiko abantu, esingambulwa ngokuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo okujulile.

Umehluko kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwe-Ethnography kanye ne-Ethnology

Nakuba i-ethnography kanye ne-ethnology zinemigomo nezindlela ezahlukene, ziyahambisana. I-ethnography inikeza idatha eningiliziwe kanye neyomongo, kuyilapho i-ethnology inikeza ukuhlaziywa okuqhathanisayo okuvumela ukuthuthukiswa kwemibono evamile.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuthi i-ethnography igxila kakhulu ekuqoqweni kwedatha okuqondile nokujulile, kuyilapho i-ethnology igxila kakhulu ekuhlaziyeni idatha eqoqwe ukuze kudalwe ukujwayelana kanye nemibono. Kodwa-ke, kokubili ndawonye kuyasiza ekuqondeni ubunzima kanye nokwehlukahlukana kwamasiko abantu.

Empeleni, izazi eziningi ze-anthropologist zisebenza kuzo zombili lezi zindawo. Zingase ziqale ngokwenza ucwaningo lwe-ethnographic ukuze ziqoqe idatha, bese zishintshela kwi-ethnology ukuze zihlaziye leyo datha kumongo obanzi. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi banikeze ukuqonda okungagcini nje ngokuqondene neqembu elilodwa lamasiko kodwa futhi okufanelekile kumongo obanzi.

Ukubaluleka Kwe-Ethnography kanye Ne-Ethnology

Zombili lezi zindlela zidlala indima ebalulekile ku-anthropology. I-Ethnography inikeza ukuqonda okujulile kokuthi abantu baphila kanjani, baxhumana kanjani, futhi benza kanjani umhlaba wabo ube nenjongo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu esimweni sanamuhla somhlaba wonke, lapho ukuqonda ukwehlukahlukana kwamasiko kungasiza khona kukho konke kusukela enkambisweni yomphakathi kuya emikhubeni yebhizinisi.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-ethnology isiza ekuboneni amaphethini avamile kanye nomehluko oyisisekelo phakathi kwamasiko. Lokhu akusizi nje kuphela ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono ku-anthropology kodwa futhi kunezinzuzo ezingokoqobo emikhakheni efana nezempilo yomhlaba wonke, imfundo, kanye nentuthuko yamazwe ngamazwe. Ngokuqonda amaphethini avamile kanye nomehluko emasikweni abantu, izinhlelo kanye nezinqubomgomo kungaklanywa ngendlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi enozwela ezimweni zamasiko.

Isiphetho

I-Ethnography kanye ne-ethnology kuyimikhakha emibili ehambisanayo ngaphakathi kwe-anthropology. I-Ethnography inikeza ukuqonda okujulile, okuphathelene nesimo sesiko elithile ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi ojulile wasensimini, kuyilapho i-ethnology isebenzisa idatha ye-ethnography ukwenza ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo, ukuhlonza amaphethini, nokuthuthukisa imibono evamile. Zombili lezi zindlela zibalulekile ekusisizeni siqonde ukwehlukahlukana kanye nobunzima besiko labantu.

Ngokusebenzisana phakathi kwe-ethnography kanye ne-ethnology, izazi ze-anthropology ziyakwazi ukunikeza ukuqonda okubanzi ngokuthi kusho ukuthini ukuba ngumuntu nokuthi imiphakathi ehlukene emhlabeni wonke inikeza kanjani injongo empilweni yayo. Ezweni elixhumene kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele, ukuqonda okunjalo kuyisihluthulelo sokudala izinqubomgomo nemikhuba enobulungiswa, ebandakanya wonke umuntu, neqhubekayo.