Ulimi Njengesimiso Esingokomfanekiso
Ulimi lungenye yamakhono abantu ahluke kakhulu. Ngolimi, abantu bangadlulisela imibono, bakhe ubudlelwano bomphakathi, badlulisele ulwazi, futhi bathuthukise isiko kusukela esizukulwaneni kuya kwesinye. Kodwa-ke, ulimi lungaphezu nje kweqoqo lamagama akhulunywayo noma abhaliwe. Ulimi lusebenza njengohlelo olufanekisayo: indlela yezibonakaliso ezimele okuthile kwangaphandle, ezabelwana ngamalungu omphakathi, futhi ezilawulwa yimithetho ethile. Ukuqonda ulimi njengohlelo olufanekisayo kusisiza siqonde ukuthi kungani ulimi lusebenza kahle, ukuthi kungani lungabangela ukungaqondani, nokuthi kungani ulimi lushintsha njalo ngokwesimo somphakathi.
1. Ukuqonda izimpawu kanye nobudlelwano bazo nolimi
Uphawu luyinto emele okunye. Empilweni yansuku zonke, sijwayelene nezimpawu: ukukhanya okubomvu kusho ukuma, inhliziyo isho uthando, noma ifulege lifanekisela ubuzwe. Izimpawu ziba nenjongo ngoba kukhona isivumelwano senhlalo esenza abantu baziqonde ngendlela efanayo.
Olimini, izimpawu eziyinhloko amagama (kokubili umsindo nombhalo). Isibonelo, ukulandelana komsindo /a-air/ noma “amanzi” okubhala kumelela umqondo woketshezi olucacile esiluphuzayo nesilusebenzisa nsuku zonke. Igama ngokwalo akulona amanzi; limane nje liwuphawu. Leli gama libhekisela kumqondo noma into ekhona ezweni langempela. Lokhu kuyingqikithi yolimi njengohlelo lwezimpawu: ubudlelwano phakathi kwesimo solimi nencazelo bumelela, abufani.
2. Okungahleliwe: kungani izimpawu zolimi zingezona “zemvelo”
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile zezimpawu olimini ukuthi zingokwemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho ukuxhumana kwemvelo nokuphoqelekile phakathi kwesimo somsindo nencazelo ethile. Kungani uketshezi esiluphuzayo lubizwa ngokuthi "umoya" ngesi-Indonesia, "amanzi" ngesiNgisi, kanye ne-"eau" ngesiFulentshi? Akukho sizathu esingokwemvelo sokuthi kungani umuntu elungile; konke kuvela esivumelwaneni somlando ngaphakathi komphakathi wezikhulumi.
Lolu hlobo lobuntu olungenanjongo lunemiphumela emibili emikhulu. Okokuqala, ulimi lungahlukahluka kakhulu. Umphakathi ngamunye ungakha izimpawu zawo. Okwesibili, ulimi lungashintsha: uma umphakathi uvuma ukushintsha ukusetshenziswa kwegama elithile, lelo phawu lingashintsha ngencazelo noma ngesimo. Kodwa-ke, akuzona zonke izici zolimi ezingenanjongo ngokuphelele. Kukhona futhi izici ezingokomfanekiso (ezifana) noma ezingabonakali, njenge-"cuckoo," "meong," noma "kring," yize lezi zisathonywa amasiko olimi ngalunye.
3. Ulimi njengohlelo: kunemithetho kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwezinto
Ulimi lubizwa ngokuthi uhlelo olungokomfanekiso ngoba izimpawu zalo azizimele zodwa. Zinezakhiwo nemithetho elawula indlela izimpawu ezihlelwe ngayo ukuze kudalwe incazelo. Le mithetho ihlanganisa amazinga amaningana.
Eyokuqala i-phonology, uhlelo lomsindo wolimi. Isibonelo, ngesi-Indonesia, umsindo /ng/ ungavela ekugcineni kwamagama anjengokuthi "kambing," kanti kwezinye izilimi kunemikhawulo ehlukene. Imisindo ingaphezu nje kwemisindo; iyizimpawu ezihlukanisa incazelo. Igama elithi "Batu" linencazelo ehlukile ku-"baku" ngenxa yomehluko womsindo owodwa.
Okwesibili yi-morphology, okuyiyona ndlela amagama akhiwa ngayo. Isi-Indonesia sisebenzisa izihlomelo ukudala izincazelo ezintsha, njengokuthi "tulis" iba "menulis," "tulisan," noma "penulisan." Izihlomelo ziyizimpawu ezengeziwe ezinikeza ulwazi, isibonelo, mayelana nomlingisi, inqubo, noma umphumela.
Okwesithathu uhlelo lokubhala amagama, imithetho yokuhlela amagama abe yimisho. "Ngiyadla ilayisi" ihlukile ku-"Ilayisi liyangidla" ngoba uhlelo luthinta incazelo. Uhlelo lokubhala amagama luvumela izimpawu ezincane (amagama) ukuthi zakhe izimpawu ezinkulu (imisho) ezinezincazelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Okwesine yi-semantics (incazelo) kanye ne-pragmatics (incazelo kumongo). Ngokwesimo, umusho ungase ucace, kodwa ngokwesimo, ungaba nencazelo ehlukile. Umusho othi "Kushisa ngempela lapha" ungaba ulwazi nje, noma kungaba isicelo esingaqondile sokuvula ifasitela.
4. Incazelo ivela emithethweni yezenhlalo kanye nezimo zamasiko.
Ngenxa yokuthi ulimi luyisimiso sezimpawu ezivunyelwene ngazo, incazelo ihlobene kakhulu nemikhuba yezenhlalo. Amagama athi "wena" kanye "nawe" womabili abhekisela kumuntu okhuluma naye, kodwa izincazelo zawo zezenhlalo ziyahlukahluka: elithi "wena" lizwakala lihlelekile futhi linesizotha. Ezifundeni noma emiphakathini ehlukene, ukukhethwa kwamagama kungabonisa ukusondelana, isimo, noma ngisho nesimo sengqondo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lubunjwa yisiko. Izimpawu eziningi zolimi zihlanganisa okuhlangenwe nakho komphakathi okuhlangene. Isibonelo, amagama obuhlobo ngesi-Indonesia (akucacile, u-anti, umfowethu omdala, umfowethu omncane) abonisa ukubaluleka kobudlelwano bomndeni. Kwezinye izimo, ulimi lungaba nesilulumagama esicebile esikhethekile emikhakheni ethile, njengezolimo, ezolwandle, noma amagama ezobuchwepheshe, alungiselelwe izidingo zabakhulumi balo.
5. Izimpawu zolimi kanye nokungaqondani okungenzeka
Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu zolimi azinasisekelo futhi zincike esivumelwaneni, ukungaqondani kungavela kalula uma izimiso zingahambisani noma umongo uhlukile. Igama lingaba nezincazelo ezingaphezu kweyodwa (i-polysemy). Igama elithi "ikhanda" lingasho ingxenye yomzimba, umholi ("umphathi wekhanda"), noma ingaphambili lento ("ikhanda lencwadi"). Ngaphandle komongo, uphawu lungaba nokudideka.
Ukungaqondani kuvela futhi ngenxa yokwehluka kwesizinda kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwezenhlalo. Umusho obhekwa njengojwayelekile eqenjini elilodwa ungabhekwa njengongenanhlonipho noma ongenanhlonipho kwelinye. Ekuxhumaneni kwedijithali, inkinga iba nzima nakakhulu ngokungabonakali kwephimbo kanye nokubonakaliswa kobuso. Ngakho-ke, abantu bavame ukufaka izimpawu zokubhala, ukukhetha amagama athile, noma ngisho nezitika ukusiza ukuveza ukungafani. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izimpawu zolimi azivezi nje ulwazi kuphela kodwa futhi nemizwa, izimo zengqondo kanye nobudlelwano.
6. Ulimi njengohlelo lwezimpawu olukhiqizayo noludalayo
Inzuzo yolimi njengohlelo olufanekisayo ukuthi lukhiqiza kangakanani. Abantu bangakha imisho emisha engakaze ikhulunywe ngaphambili, kodwa isaqondakala. Singasho ukuthi, "Kusasa ngizofunda incwadi engisanda kuyithenga esitolo esiseduze nendlu yami," kanti abanye bazoqonda ngoba sabelana ngohlelo olufanayo lwezimpawu nemithetho.
Lokhu kukhiqiza kuvumela ukuzalwa kobuciko: izinkondlo, amanoveli, amahlaya, iziqubulo, kanye nezingathekiso. Isingathekiso ngokwaso siwubufakazi bokuthi ulimi ludlula incazelo engokoqobo. Inkulumo ethi "isikhathi siyimali" ayisho ukuthi isikhathi siyimali ngokoqobo, kodwa kunalokho uphawu lokuveza ukuthi isikhathi sinenani futhi kufanele sisetshenziswe ngokuhlakanipha.
7. Izinguquko zolimi: izimpawu zihlala zihamba
Njengesimiso sezenhlalo, ulimi luhlala lushintsha. Izincazelo zamagama zingashintsha. Igama elithi "viral," elake lahlotshaniswa ne-biology, manje selivame ukusetshenziswa kokuqukethwe okusabalala kabanzi kwi-inthanethi. Amagama amasha ayavela, amadala ayanyamalala, futhi izitayela zolimi ziyashintsha ngobuchwepheshe kanye nezitayela zokuxhumana.
Lezi zinguquko zibonisa ukuthi izimpawu zolimi zihlala emphakathini. Njengoba izindlela zokuphila zishintsha, ulimi luyazivumelanisa nezimo ukuze lukwazi ukumela amaqiniso amasha. Amagama anjengokuthi "upload," "game," "selfie," noma "darling" ayizibonelo zemizamo yolimi yokwakha izimpawu ezintsha ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zesikhathi.
I-Penutup
Ukubuka ulimi njengohlelo olungokomfanekiso kusenza siqonde ukuthi ulimi luwumphumela wezimiso zomphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amagama nemisho akuzona nje izilandelaniso zemisindo noma izinhlamvu, kodwa kunalokho izimpawu ezimelela imiqondo, izinto, imizwa, kanye nobudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Ulimi lusebenza ngoba lunemithetho, ngoba luyabelana, futhi ngoba luhlala lusetshenziswa ngaphakathi komongo othize wezenhlalo namasiko. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isimo solimi esingokomfanekiso senza luguquguquke, lube nobuciko, futhi lushintsha njalo. Ngokuqonda lesi sici esingokomfanekiso, singaxhumana ngempumelelo kakhudlwana, sibe nomuzwa ojulile ngomongo, futhi siqonde kangcono ukwehlukahlukana kolimi njengokubonakaliswa kokuhlukahluka kwabantu uqobo.
