Kukurumidza - matambudziko nemhinduro

Kukurumidza - matambudziko nemhinduro

1. Bhora re 0.5-kg rinofamba pa 2 m/s. Bhora rinorohwa nesimba F rakatarisana nekwarakananga bhora , saka kumhanya kwebhora kunochinjwa kuita 6 m/s . Bhora rinobata munhu anorova kwe 0.01 second, chii chiri kuchinja kwesimba rebhora.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwebhora (m) = 0.5 kg

Kumhanya kwekutanga (v _o ) = 2 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = -6 m/s

Nguva yenguva (t) = sekondi imwe chete

Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwesimba

Solution:

∆p = mv _t – mv _o = m (v _t – v _o )

∆p = (0.5 kg)(- 6 m/s – 2 m/s)

∆p = (0.5 kg)(-8)

∆p = 4 kg m/s

2. Chinhu che100-gram chinofamba ne5 m/s. Force F inoshanda kwemasekonzi 0.2 kumisa chinhu chacho. Tsvaga hukuru hwesimba F.

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwechinhu (m) = 100 magiramu = 100/1000 = 0.1 kg

Kumhanya kwekutanga (v _o ) = 5 m/s

Kumhanya kwekupedzisira (v _t ) = 0

Nguva yenguva (Δt) = masekondi 0.2

Zvinodiwa: Hukuru hwesimba F

Solution:

Ini = ΔP

F (Δt) = m (v _t – vo _o )

F (0.2) = 0.1 (0 – 5)

F (0.2) = 0.1 (– 5)

F (0.2) = -0,5

F = -0,5 / 0.2

F = -2.5N

Hukuru hwesimba F = 2.5 Newtons. Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza divi resimba rakapesana nedivi rechinhu.

3. Bhora remagiramu zana rinodonha zvakasununguka kubva pakukwirira kwe20 cm pasina kumhanya kwekutanga uye bhora rinorova pasi. Mushure mekurovera, bhora rinodzoserwa kumusoro (kukurumidza nekuda kwegiravhiti 10 ms ^-2 ). Chii chinonzi kuchinja kwesimba rebhora?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwebhora (m) = 100 magiramu = 0.1 kg

Kureba (h) = 20 cm = 0.2 metres

Kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ²

Kumhanya kwebhora mushure mekurova pasi (v _t ) = 1 m/s

Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwesimba

Solution:

Kumhanya kwebhora risati raroverana ( _vo )

Verenga kumhanya kwebhora usati warova uchishandisa equation yekufamba kwebhora. Inozivikanwa: kureba kwebhora (h) = 0.2 metres, kumhanyisa nekuda kwegiravhiti (g) = 10 m/s ² . Inodiwa: kumhanya kwebhora kana rasvika pasi.

v ² = 2 gh

v ² = 2 (10)(0.2) = 4

v = √4 = -2 m/s

Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza kuti bhora risati rasangana nebhora rakanangana nebhora risati rasangana.

Kuchinja kwesimba rebhora (Δp)

Δp = mv _t – mv _o = m (v _t – v _o )

Δp = (0.1)(1 – (-2)) = (0.1)(1 + 2) = (0.1)(3) = 0.3 Masekondi eNewton

4. Chinhu chinotanga chakamira, chinoputika kuita zvikamu zviviri zvine chiyero che3: 2. Chikamu chikuru chehukuru chinokandwa nekumhanya kwe20 m/s. Chii chinonzi kumhanya kwechikamu chidiki?

Zvinozivikanwa:

Huremu hwechinhu 1 usati waputika = m

Kumhanya kwechinhu 1 chisati chaputika = 0 (chinhu chiri pazororo)

Huremu hwechikamu chikuru mushure mekuputika (m ₁ ) = 3m

Huremu hwechikamu chidiki mushure mekuputika (m2 ₎ = 2m

Kumhanya kwechikamu chikuru mushure mekuputika (v ₁ ') = 20 m/s

Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwechikamu chidiki mushure mekuputika (v ₂ ')

Solution:

Kuenzanisa kwemutemo wekuchengetedza simba:

m ₁ v ₁ = m ₁ v ₁ ' + m ₂ v ₂ '

(m)(0) = (3m)(20) + (2m) v ₂ '

0 = 60m + (2m) v ₂ '

60m = -2m v ₂ '

60 = -2 v ₂ '

v ₂ ' = -60/2

v ₂ ' = -30 m/s

Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza kuti divi diki rakanangana nedivi guru.

1. Chii chinonzi simba guru?
   • Pindura: Momentum inhamba yevector inomiririra chigadzirwa chehukuru hwechinhu uye kumhanya kwacho. Inoratidza kutungamira uye hukuru hwekufamba uye inowanzo kuratidzwa ne $p$, inotsanangurwa se $p=mv$.
2. Momentum yakasiyana sei nekumhanya?
   • Pindura: Kunyange zvazvo simba uye kumhanya zviri mafambiro emhepo, simba rinotsanangura kumhanya uye gwara rekufamba kwechinhu, nepo simba rinotarisa huremu hwechinhu uye kumhanya kwacho. Simba rinopa chiyero chekuti zvakaoma sei kumisa chinhu chinofamba.
3. Ndeipi musimboti wekuchengetedza simba?
   • Pindura: Nheyo yekuchengetedza simba remagetsi inoti muhurongwa hwakasiyana, simba remagetsi risati rasvika chiitiko (senge kuroverana) rinofanira kuenzana nesimba remagetsi risati rasvika chiitiko, chero bedzi pasina simba rekunze rinoita pane hurongwa hwacho.
4. Kukurumidza kuita zvinhu kunoenderana sei nekukura kwesimba?
   • Pindura: Kuchinja kwesimba (impulse) zvinoreva kuchinja kwesimba (momentum) kwechinhu kana simba richishanda panguva yakatarwa. Rinobva pachinhu chinobva pasimba uye nguva yarinoshanda, uye rinoenzana nekuchinja kwesimba (momentum): $\text{Kufungidzira}=F\times \Delta t=\Delta p$.
5. Sei ma airbag ari mumotokari achibatsira kudzivirira kukuvara panguva yetsaona?
   • Pindura: Mabhegi emhepo anowedzera nguva iyo simba rinoshanda pamunhu panguva yekuroverana. Izvi zvinoderedza simba rinowanikwa nemunhu ari mumotokari. Nehukama hwekukurumidza-kukurumidza, kuparadzira shanduko yesimba kwenguva yakareba kunoderedza simba, zvichibatsira kudzivirira kukuvara.
6. Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekukonana kwe elastic ne inelastic maererano nesimba re momentum uye kinetic?
   • Pindura: Mumatambudziko ese ari maviri e elastic neinelastic collisions, momentum inochengetwa. Zvisinei, mumatambudziko e elastic, total kinetic energy inochengetwawo, nepo mumatambudziko e inelastic collisions, haichengetedzwi.
7. Simba rinochengetwa sei mukufamba kwekudzoserwa kwepfuti kana yapfurwa?
   • Pindura: Pfuti painopfurwa, bara rinofamba mberi nesimba rakati. Kuti richengetedze simba muhurongwa hwakaparadzana (tichifunga kuti masimba ekunze akadai sekudzivirira mhepo haana basa), pfuti inofanira kufamba ichidzokera shure nesimba rakaenzana uye rakapesana. Kufamba uku kwekudzokera shure kunozivikanwa sekudzokera shure.
8. Sei zvinhu zvehukuru hwakasiyana zvichidonha nechiyero chimwe chete muvacuum asi zvine nguva dzakasiyana?
   • Pindura: Mu vacuum, kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti kwakafanana kune zvinhu zvese zvisinei nehuremu hwazvo. Saka, huremu hwakasiyana hunodonha nechiyero chimwe chete. Zvisinei, simba rinoenderana nekumhanya uye huremu. Sezvo simba riri $p=mv$, zvinhu zviviri zvine mass akasiyana asi kumhanya kwakafanana kuchava nenguva yakasiyana.
9. Mutemo wechitatu waNewton une chekuita sei nekuchengetedza simba?
   • Pindura: Mutemo wechitatu waNewton unoti pachiitiko chega chega, pane maitiro akaenzana uye akasiyana. Kana zvinhu zviviri zvikabatana, zvinoshandisa masimba akaenzana uye akasiyana panguva imwe chete, zvichireva kuti zvinosangana nekuchinja kwakaenzana uye kwakasiyana musimba. Izvi zvinoita kuti simba rese risati rasvika pakubatana rive rakaenzana nesimba rese rinotevera, nokudaro zvichichengetedza simba.
10. Sei zviri nyore kumisa bhasikoro richifamba pane kumisa mota iri kufamba, kunyangwe vari kufamba nekumhanya kwakafanana?

• Pindura: Kunyange zvazvo bhasikoro nemotokari zvingave nekumhanya kwakafanana, kumhanya kwazvo kwakasiyana nekuda kwehukuru hwazvo hwakasiyana. Kumhanya kunoenderana nekumhanya uye huremu. Mota, sezvo iri yakakura kupfuura bhasikoro, ine simba guru pakumhanya kwakafanana. Saka, kumanikidzwa kukuru (kana kuchinja kwesimba) kunodiwa kuti mota imire zvichienzaniswa nebhasikoro.