Kuwedzera kwekupisa - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Pepa resimbi pa20 o C rine saizi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana coefficient yekuwedzera kwesimbi iri 10 -5 o C -1 saka chii chiri kuchinja munzvimbo pa60 o C.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwesimbi = 40 cm 
Upamhi hwesimbi = 20 cm
Chinyorwa chekutanga chenzvimbo yesimbi (Ao ) = (40)(20) = 800 cm 2
Muyero wekuwedzera kwemutsara (α) = 10 -5 o C -1
Chikamu chekuwedzera kwenzvimbo (β) = 2 x chikamu chekuwedzera kwemutsara (2α) = 2 x 10 -5 o C -1
Kuchinja kwetembiricha (ΔT) = 60 o C – 20 o C = 40 o C
Zvinodiwa: Kuchinja kwenzvimbo yesimbi pa60 o C
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo:
ΔA = β A o ΔT
ΔA = kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yesimbi, β = Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwenzvimbo, A o = nzvimbo yekutanga, ΔT = shanduko yekupisa = tembiricha yekupedzisira - tembiricha yekutanga
Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yesimbi:
ΔA = β A o ΔT
ΔA = (2 x 10 -5 )(800)(40) = 0.64 cm
2. Ndiro yesimbi pa20 o C yakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana tembiricha ikakwidzwa kusvika pa100 o C uye coefficient yekuwedzera kwesimbi iri 1.1 x 10 -7 o C -1 , saka ndeipi nzvimbo yekupedzisira yendiro.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kweplate = 2 m 
Upamhi hweplate = 2 m
Nzvimbo yekutanga yesimbi (Ao ) = (2)(2) = 4 m2
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwesimbi (α) = 1.1 x 10 -7 o C -1
Kuwanda kwenzvimbo yesimbi (β) = 2 x kuwanda kwenzvimbo yesimbi (2α) = 2.2 x 10 -7 o C -1
Kuchinja kwetembiricha (ΔT) = 100 o C – 20 o C = 80 o C
Zvinodiwa : Nzvimbo yesimbi pa100 o C
Solution:
Kuwedzera kwehurefu:
ΔA = β A o ΔT
ΔA = (2.2 x 10 -7 )(4)(80) = 704 x 10 -7 = 0,0000704 m 2
Nzvimbo yesimbi:
Nzvimbo yesimbi = nzvimbo yekutanga + kuwedzera kwenzvimbo
Nzvimbo yesimbi = 4 m 2 + 0.0000704 m 2
Nzvimbo yesimbi = 4.0000704 m2
3. Ndiro yebhuronzi ine coefficient yekuwedzera kwemutsara α = 18.10 -6 o C -1 pa 0 o C ine saizi sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana ndiro ichipiswa pa 80 o C, saka kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yendiro chii?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba kwebhuronzi = 40 cm = 0.4 metres
Upamhi hwebhuronzi = 20 cm = 0.2 metres
Nzvimbo yekutanga yebhuronzi (Ao ) = (0.4)(0.2) = 0.08 m2
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwebhuronzi (α) = 18 x 10 -6 o C -1
Kuwanda kwenzvimbo yebronze (β) = 2 x Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwemutsara (2α) = 36 x 10 -6 o C -1
Kuchinja kwetembiricha (ΔT) = 80 o C – 0 o C = 80 o C
Zvinodiwa: Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yebronze pa80 o C
Solution:
Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo yebronze:
ΔA = β A o ΔT
ΔA = (36 x 10 -6 )(0.08)(80) = 230.4 x 10 -6 = 2.304 x 10 -4 m 2
4. Chirongo chegirazi chine huwandu hwemarita mana akazadzwa nemvura, chobva chadziiswa kusvika tembiricha yawedzera kusvika pa20 o C. Mvura yakati yadeuka. Chiyero chekuwedzera kwegirazi = 9 x 10 -6 o C -1 ; chiyero chekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemvura = 2.1 x 10 -4 o C -1 . Sarudza huwandu hwemvura yakadeuka.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Vhoriyamu yekutanga yegesi nemvura (Vo₂o₂ ) = 4 litres
Kuwedzera kwekupisa kwegirazi nemvura (ΔT) = 20 o C
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwegirazi (α) = 9 x 10 -6 o C -1
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu yegirazi (γ) = 3α = 3 (9 x 10 -6 o C -1 ) = 27 x 10 -6 o C -1
Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwemvura (γ) = 2.1 x 10 -4 o C -1
Zviri kudiwa: Huwandu hwemvura yakadururwa
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu:
V = Vo o + γ Vo o ΔT
V – Vo o = γ Vo o ΔT
ΔV = γ V o ΔT
V = vhoriyamu yekupedzisira , Vo o = vhoriyamu yekutanga , ΔV = shanduko muvhoriyamu , γ = chiyero chekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu , ΔT = shanduko mutembiricha.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwegirazi remudziyo:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (27 x 10 -6 )(4)(20) = 2160 x 10 -6 = 2.160 x 10 -3 = 0.002160 marita
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (2.1 x 10 -4 )(4)(20) = 168 x 10 -4 = 0.0168 marita
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemvura kwakakura kupfuura mudziyo wegirazi, saka mamwe mvura anodururwa.
Huwandu hwemvura yakadururwa:
0.0168 marita – 0.002160 marita = 0.01464 marita = 0.015 marita
5. Mudziyo wesimbi (coefficient of linear expansion = 10 -5 o C -1 ) une vhoriyamu ye 6 litres yakazadzwa ne acetone (coefficient of volume expansion = 1.5 x 10 -3 o C -1 ). Kana mudziyo ne acetone zvakadziiswa kubva pa 0 o C kusvika 40 o C, vhoriyamu ye acetone yakadururwa ndeyei?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Vhoriyamu yekutanga yemudziyo neacetone (Vo₂o₂ ) = 6 litres
Kuchinja kwekushisa kwemudziyo neacetone (ΔT) = 40 o C
Kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwesimbi (α) = 10 -5 o C -1
Kuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwesimbi (γ) = 3α = 3 (10 -5 o C -1 ) = 3 x 10 -5 o C -1
Kuwanda kwehuwandu hweacetone (γ) = 1.5 x 10 -3 o C -1
Zvinodiwa: Huwandu hweacetone yakadururwa
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu:
ΔV = γ V o ΔT
ΔV = kuchinja kwevhoriyamu , γ = chiyero chekuwedzera kwevhoriyamu , Vo = vhoriyamu yekutanga , ΔT = kuchinja kwetembiricha.
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwechirongo chesimbi:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (3 x 10 -5 )(6)(40) = 720 x 10 -5 = 0.00720 marita
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hweacetone muropa:
ΔV = γ Vo o ΔT = (1.5 x 10 -3 )(6)(40) = 360 x 10 -3 = 0.360 marita
Kuchinja kwehuwandu hweacetone kwakakura kupfuura mudziyo wesimbi , saka mamwe mapiritsi eacetone .
Huwandu hweacetone hwakadururwa mumuviri:
0.360 marita – 0.00720 marita = 0.3528 marita = 0.35 marita
- Chii chinonzi kuwedzera kwekupisa?
- Pindura: Kukura kwekupisa kunoreva maitiro echinhu kuchinja vhoriyamu yacho zvichienderana nekuchinja kwekupisa.
- Kuwanda kwekupisa kunokanganisa sei kuwanda kwechinhu?
- Pindura: Sezvo chinhu chichiwedzera kupisa, huwandu hwacho hunowedzera, izvo zvinoita kuti huwandu hwacho huderere, tichifunga kuti huremu hwacho hunoramba hwakafanana.
- Sei paine mikaha pakati pezvikamu zvemabhiriji nenjanji dzezvitima?
- Pindura: Maburi aya, anowanzonzi majoini ekuwedzera, akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza kuwedzera nekudzika kwechinhu nekuda kwekuchinja kwekushisa, kudzivirira kushanduka kana kukuvara.
- Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pekuwedzera kwemutsara, kwevhoriyamu, uye kwenzvimbo?
- Pindura: Kuwedzerwa kwemutsara kunoreva kuchinja kwechiyero chimwe (sekureba kwetsvimbo); kuwedzera kwenzvimbo kunoreva kuchinja kwezvikamu zviviri (senzvimbo yepamusoro yepepa); uye kuwedzera kwevhoriyamu kunoenderana nekuchinja kwezvikamu zvese zvitatu (sehuwandu hwemvura).
- Ko coefficient yekuwedzera kwemutsara inosarudzwa sei?
- Pindura: Inotsanangurwa sekuchinja kwechikamu muhurefu padhigirii rimwe nerimwe kuchinja kwetembiricha padanho rinoramba riripo. Kune chinhu, kuchinja kwehurefu (∆L) kunokonzerwa nekuchinja kwetembiricha (∆T) kunopiwa ne , apo kureba kwekutanga uye ndiyo coefficient yekuwedzera kwakanangana.
- Sei mitsetse ye bimetallic ichikombama kana ichidziya kana kutonhodzwa?
- Pindura: Chidimbu chesimbi mbiri chine simbi mbiri dzakasiyana dzakabatana. Sezvo simbi imwe neimwe iine coefficient yayo yekuwedzera kwekupisa, inokura kana kupwanyika nematanho akasiyana kana tembiricha ikachinja. Kuwedzera uku kwakasiyana kunoita kuti chidimbu chikotame.
- Kuwanda kwekupisa kunoenderana sei nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwegungwa?
- Pindura: Chikamu chekukwira kwehuwandu hwegungwa chinogona kukonzerwa nekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemvura yegungwa. Sezvo tembiricha yePasi ichikwira, makungwa anodziya, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwemvura uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwegungwa.
- Chii chinoitika mu "kuwedzera kwemvura kusina kujairika"?
- Pindura: Kusiyana nezvinhu zvakawanda, mvura inokura painotonhora kubva pa4°C kusvika pa0°C, uye yozodzika kana yaoma. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mvura ine huwandu hwayo hwepamusoro pa4°C. Ndosaka chando (chisina kusimba kupfuura mvura yemvura) chichiyangarara pamusoro pemvura.
- Sei kuwedzera kupisa kuchikosha muinjiniya nekuvaka?
- Pindura: Zvinhu zvinokura kana kupfupika kana tembiricha dzichichinja. Pasina kutsanangura kuwedzera kwekupisa, zvivakwa zvinogona kusangana nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kushanduka, kana kutadza kushanda. Mainjiniya nevagadziri vezvivakwa vanobatanidza magadzirirwo ekugadzira kuti vagadzirise shanduko idzi zvakachengeteka.
- Kukura kwekupisa kunogona kudzoserwa shure here?
- Pindura: Ehe, kazhinji kana chinhu chatonhodzwa, chinodzikira nekupisa, izvo zvinopesana nekupisa. Mwero uye hunhu hwekudzikira uku zvinoenderana nechinhu chacho nemamiriro acho.
