Magirasi ekuparadzanisa - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Girazi rine mipata inosvika 4000 pasendimita rinovhenekerwa nechiedza chemonochromatic uye rinoburitsa mutsetse wakajeka wechipiri pakona ye30°. Ndeipi hupamhi hwemwenje hwechiedza chinoshandiswa? (1 Å = 10 -10 m)
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nhambwe iri pakati pemipata (d) = 1 / (mipata 4000 / cm) = 0.00025 cm = 2.5 x 10 -4 cm = 2.5 x 10 -6 mamita
Odha (n) = 2
Chivi 30 o = 0.5
1 Å = 10 -10 m
Kudiwa: Hurefu hwemafungu echiedza (λ)
Solution:
2. Chiedza che monochromatic chine urefu hwe 2.5×10 -7 m chinorova jira rine zvidimbu 10,000/cm. Sarudza nzvimbo dze angle dzemutsara we second-order bright.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Nhambwe iri pakati pemipata (d) = 1 / (mipata 10,000 / cm) = 0.0001 cm = 1 x 10 -4 cm = 1 x 10 -6 m
Odha (n) = 2
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = 2.5 x 10 -7 m
Zvinodiwa: Angle (θ)
Solution:
3. Chiedza che monochromatic chine urefu hwemamita 5.10 -7 chinobaya gomba. Kureba pakati pemugero nechidzitiro chekuona i2 m, kureba pakati pemugero wechitatu nepakati i150 cm. Sarudza daro riri pakati pemigero.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = 5 x 10 -7 m
l = 2 m
n = 3
y = 150 cm = 1.5 m
Zvinodiwa: chinhambwe pakati pemipata
Solution:
chivi θ ≈ tan θ = y / l = 1.5 / 2 = 0.75 = 75 x 10 -2
Kureba pakati pemipata:
d sin θ = n λ
d (75.10 -2 ) = (3)(5.10 -7 )
d (75.10 -2 ) = 15.10 -7
d = (15.10 -7 ) / (75.10 -2 )
d = (15/75).10 -5
d = (1/5)(10 -5 ) m
d = (0.2)(10 -5 ) m
d = 2.10 -6 m
4. Chiedza che monochromatic chine urefu hwemafungu e500 nm (1 nano = 10 -9 ) chinorova grating uye chinoburitsa mutsetse wakajeka wechina pakona ye30°. Sarudza huwandu hwemipata pasendimita.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 4
Zvinodiwa: huwandu hwemipata pasendimita
Solution:
Kureba pakati pemipata:
d sin θ = n λ
d (chivi 30 o ) = (4)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 20.10 -7
d = (20.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 40.10 -7
d = 4.10 -6 m
Huwandu hwemipata pa sendimita:
x = 1 / 4.10 -6 m
x = 0.25.10 6 / m
x = 0.25.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.25.10 4 / cm
x = 25.10 2 / cm
x = 2500 / cm
5. Chiedza che monochromatic chine urefu hwemafungu e500 nm (1 nm = 10 -9 m) chinorova grating uye chinoburitsa mutsetse wakajeka we second-order pa angle ye 30°. Sarudza huwandu hwe slits pa centimeter.
Zvinozivikanwa:
Hurefu hwemafungu (λ) = 500.10 -9 m = 5.10 -7 m
θ = 30 o
n = 2
Zvinodiwa: huwandu hwemipata pasendimita
Solution:
Kureba pakati pemipata:
d sin θ = n λ
d (chivi 30 o ) = (2)(5.10 -7 )
d (0.5) = 10.10 -7
d = (10.10 -7 ) / 0.5
d = 20.10 -7
d = 2.10 -6 m
Huwandu hwemipata pa sendimita:
x = 1 / d
x = 1 / 2.10 -6 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 1 m
x = 0.5.10 6 / 10 2 cm
x = 0.5.10 4 / cm
x = 5.10 3 / cm
x = 5000 / cm
Mibvunzo makumi maviri nemhinduro pamusoro pe diffraction grating:
1. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi diffraction grating?
Mhinduro: Girazi re diffraction chinhu chinoonekwa chine chimiro che periodic, chinotsemura nekuparadzanisa chiedza kuita matanda akasiyana-siyana anofamba munzira dzakasiyana.
2. Mubvunzo: Kuisa magirasi ediffraction kwakasiyana sei nekuisa zvidimbu zviviri?
Mhinduro: Kunyange zvazvo zvose zvichikonzera diffraction, grating ine mitsetse yakawanda (kana mitsara) pahurefu hweyuniti, zvichiita kuti matanda awedzere diffraction uye kupatsanurwa kwakajeka kwespectral.
3. Mubvunzo: Sei nzvimbo dziri pakati pemitsetse yegridi dzichikosha?
Mhinduro: Nzvimbo dziri pakati pema "spaceings" dzinoona ma "angles" ayo ma "wavelength" akasiyana echiedza anodzorwa, nokudaro zvichikanganisa resolution uye kujeka kwe "spectrum" inoburitswa.
4. Mubvunzo: Kona ye diffraction ine hukama hwakadii ne wavelength yechiedza?
Mhinduro: Hukama hunopihwa ne equation ye grating: ��=�sin� , apo iri kurongeka kwe diffraction, iri wavelength, iri grating spacing, uye iri diffraction angle.
6. Mubvunzo: Sei mavara akasiyana/hurefu hwemafungu hwakasiyana pamakona akasiyana?
Mhinduro: Nekuti kona yekuyerera ( ) inoenderana zvakananga nehurefu hwewavelength ( ), marefu ewavelength (akaita setsvuku) anopararira kupfuura mapfupi (akaita sebhuruu).
7. Mubvunzo: Kuwedzera huwandu hwemipata (kana mitsetse) mugedhi re diffraction kunokanganisa sei pateni?
Mhinduro: Kuwedzera huwandu hwemipata kunorodza diffraction maxima, zvichiwedzera resolution yespectrum.
8. Mubvunzo: Chii chinorehwa nesimba rekugadzirisa regring?
Mhinduro: Simba rekugadzika kwemagetsi ndiko kugona kwegirati kusiyanisa mawavelength maviri ari pedyo. Rinowedzera nemitsara yakawanda uye marongero e diffraction akakwira.
9. Mubvunzo: Magirati e diffraction anogona kushandiswa nemamwe marudzi emafungu kunze kwechiedza here?
Mhinduro: Ehe, dzinogona kushandiswa nechero chiitiko chemafungu, kusanganisira mafungu eruzha uye maX-ray.
10. Mubvunzo: Chigadziko chekutumira chinosiyana sei nechigadziko chekuratidzira?
Mhinduro: Mugedhi rekutumira, chiedza chinopfuura nepakati pechinhu chinoisa magirafu, nepo mugedhi rekuratidzira, chiedza chinobuda pamusoro pegedhi.
11. Mubvunzo: Chii chinonzi blazed gratings?
Mhinduro: Magirati akapiswa nemoto igrati dzinoratidza chiedza apo migero inotenderedzwa (kana kuti inopiswa nemoto) kuti itungamire simba rakawanda muhurongwa hwakati hwe diffraction, zvichiita kuti rishande zvakanaka.
12. Mubvunzo: Sei huwandu hwemugero wegridi (mitsetse pa mm) hwakakosha?
Mhinduro: Kuwanda kwemugero ndiko kunosarudza kupararira kwegeti uye kugadziriswa kwayo. Kuwanda kwemugero kunowanzo tungamira pakuwanda kwepamusoro.
13. Mubvunzo: Grating inogadzira sei spectrum?
Mhinduro: Kana chiedza chichena chikabatana negirati, wavelength yega yega inopararira nekona yakasiyana, ichiaparadzira munzvimbo dzakasiyana kuti igadzire spectrum.
14. Mubvunzo: Sei ma "diffraction" akakwirira achigona kupindirana?
Mhinduro: Kune mawavelength akasiyana, mawavelength akakwirira anogona kudzorwa pamakona anoenderana newavelength dzakaderera dzemamwe mawavelength, zvichikonzera maspectra anopindirana.
15. Mubvunzo: Chigadziko chinogona kushandiswa here kudzidza marefu asingaonekwe emvura?
Mhinduro: Ehe, magirati anogona kugadzirwa kune zvikamu zvakasiyana zve electromagnetic spectrum, kusanganisira ultraviolet ne infrared.
16. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoshanda pakugadzira zvinhu zvinopatsanura magirafu mukuita kuti magirafu abude?
Mhinduro: Hunhu hwezvinhu zvinogona kukanganisa kushanda zvakanaka kwemirairo yakasiyana-siyana ye diffraction uye kusarudza huwandu hwe wavelength iyo grating inogadziriswa.
17. Mubvunzo: Holographic diffraction grating inogadzirwa sei?
Mhinduro: Magirati ehorographic anogadzirwa achishandisa mapatani ekupindira kubva kuchiedza chelaser, pane kutonga magirovhosi nemakanika, zvichikonzera chiedza chisina kujeka uye maspectra akachena zvakanyanya.
18. Mubvunzo: Sei huwandu hwe zero-order hunowanzova hwakajeka zvakanyanya?
Mhinduro: Zero-order maximum inoenderana nechiedza chisina kupatsanurwa. Sezvo chisingapararire zvakanyanya se diffracted orders, simba rayo rinowanzo wedzera.
19. Mubvunzo: Magirati angashanda here nechiedza chinopenya?
Mhinduro: Ehe, kushanda zvakanaka kwe diffraction uye patani zvinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro e polarization ye incident light.
20. Mubvunzo: Sei magirati ane zvakanakira kupfuura maprism e spectroscopy?
Mhinduro: Magirati anogona kupa resolution iri nani, kupararira kwema wavelengths kwakanyatsorongeka, uye anowanzo shanda zvakanyanya pakuparadzira chiedza mu spectrum zvichienzaniswa nema prisms.
Magirati ekuparadzanisa akakosha mukutsvagisa nekushandisa optical, kunyanya mu spectroscopy, zvichibvumira kudzidza zvakadzama nezvezvikamu zve spectral zvechiedza.
