Kubonderana kweInelastic
Kuchengetedzwa kwemutemo wesimba rekinetic hakushandi mukuroverana kweinelastic. Mutemo wekuchengetedza momentum unoshanda mukuroverana kweinelastic kana pasina simba rekunze rinoita pane zvinhu zviviri zvinoroverana. Mukuroverana kweinelastic, zvinhu zviviri zvinonamatirana kana kuti zvinobatana mushure mekuroverana.
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo 1.
Zvinhu zviviri zvine huremu hwakafanana, kureva 1 kg. Chinhu chekutanga chinofamba mudenga rakati sandara nekumhanya kwe10 m/s uye chinobonderana nechinhu chechipiri chiri pazororo. Mushure mekubonderana, zvinhu zviviri izvi zvinonamirana. Chii chiri kumhanya kwezvinhu zviviri mushure mekubonderana?
Zvinozivikanwa:
m 1 = 1 kg, m 2 = 1 kg, v 1 = 10 m/s, v 2 = 0
Aida : v'
Solution:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
(1 kg)(10 m/s) + 0 = (1 kg + 1 kg) v'
10 kg m/s = (2 kg) v'
v' = 10 kg m/s : 2 kg = 5 m/s
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo 2.
Mabhuroko matatu anofamba pa3 ms -1 anobonderana nerimwe bhuroko pakuzorora.
Kuroverana kwacho hakuna kusimba. Kurongeka kwekumhanya kwebhuroko mushure mekuroverana, kubva pane hombe kusvika pane diki ndiko…
Solution:
Mufananidzo 1 :
Kufambira mberi kwekupedzisira = kumhanya kwekutanga
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(4m)(3) + (m)(0) = (4m + m) v
12m + 0 = (5m) v
12m = 5m v
v = 12m / 5m = 12/5 = 2.4 m/s
Mufananidzo 2 :
Kufambira mberi kwekupedzisira = Kufambira mberi kwekutanga
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(m)(3) + (3m)(0) = (m + 3m) v
3m + 0 = (4m) v
3m = 4m v
v = 3m / 4m = 3/4 = 0.75 m/s
Mufananidzo 3 :
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v
(m)(3) + (m)(0) = (m + m) v
3m + 0 = (2m) v
3m = 2m v
v = 3m / 2m = 3/2 = 1.5 m/s
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo 3.
Mabhora maviri ane huremu hwe m 1 = 2 kg uye m 2 = 1 kg ari kufamba akananga kwakasiyana nekumhanya kwe v 1 = 2 ms -1 uye v 2 = 4 ms -1 sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Kana kuroverana kusina kusimba, kumhanya kwemabhora ese ari maviri kunosvika papi mushure mekuroverana?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Huremu hwebhora 1 (m)1) = 2 kg
Huremu hwebhora 2 (m2 ) = 1 kg
Kumhanya kwebhora 1 usati waroverana (v 1 ) = 2 m/s
Kumhanya kwebhora 2 usati waroverana (v 2 ) = -4 m/s
Zviratidzo zvekuwedzera nekubvisa zvinoratidza kuti mabhora ese ari maviri anofamba akananga kwakasiyana.
Kudiwa : Kumhanya kwemabhora mushure mekubonderana (v')
Solution:
m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2 = (m 1 + m 2 ) v'
(2)(2) + (1)(-4) = (2 + 1) v'
4 – 4 = (3) v'
0 = (3) v'
v' = 0
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo 4.
Zvinhu zviviri, A naB, zvine huremu hwechinhu chimwe nechimwe, zvinosvika 1.5-kg pamwe chete nekumhanya kwe v A = 4 ms -1 uye v B = 5 ms -1 . Kana kuroverana kwacho kusina kusimba, kumhanya kwezvinhu zvese zviri zviviri kwakamira sei mushure mekuroverana?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Huremu hwechinhu A (m A ) = 1.5 kg
Huremu hwechinhu B (m B ) = 1.5 kg
Kumhanya kwechinhu A pamberi pekubonderana (v A ) = 4 m/s (pamwe nechiratidzo, kurudyi)
Kumhanya kwechinhu B chisati chasangana (v B ) = -5 m/s (chiratidzo chekubvisa, kuruboshwe)
Zvinodiwa: Kumhanya kwezvinhu zvese mushure mekubonderana
Solution:
Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba rakatsetseka:
m A v A + m B v B = (m A + m B ) v'
(1.5)(4) + (1.5)(-5) = (1.5 +1.5) v'
6 – 7.5 = (3) v'
-1.5 = (3) v'
v' = -1.5 / 3
v' = -0.5 m/s
Chiratidzo chekudzima chinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvese zviri zviviri zvinofamba zvichienda kuruboshwe.
Mibvunzo makumi maviri nemhinduro pamusoro pekukanganisika kweinelastic:
1. Mubvunzo: Chii chinotsanangura kugongana kweinelastic? Mhinduro: Mukugongana kweinelastic, simba rekinetic harichengetedzwi, kunyangwe simba remomentum richichengetwa. Rimwe resimba rekutanga rekinetic rinoshandurwa kuita mamwe marudzi esimba.
2. Mubvunzo: Kugongana kweinelastic zvakakwana kunosiyana sei nekugongana kweinelastic zvishoma? Mhinduro: Mukugongana kweinelastic zvakakwana, zvinhu zvinonamatirana mushure mekugongana. Mukugongana kweinelastic zvishoma, zvinhu zvinoparadzana, asi kuchine kurasikirwa nesimba rekinetic.
3. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoramba chakachengetwa mumhando dzese dzekuroverana, kusanganisira dzisina kusimba? Mhinduro: Simba rinogara richichengetwa mumatambudziko ese, zvisinei nekuti anotambanuka sei.
4. Mubvunzo: Sei simba rekinetic risingachengetwi mukuputika kweinelastic? Mhinduro: Rimwe simba rekinetic rinoshandurwa kuita mamwe marudzi esimba, akadai sesimba rinogona kuitika, kupisa, kana ruzha.
5. Mubvunzo: Munhu angaziva sei kuroverana kusina kusimba nekungotarisa kumhanya kwemotokari isati yarova uye yarova? Mhinduro: Simba rese rekufamba kwemotokari isati yarova richave rakakura kupfuura simba rese rekufamba kwemotokari mushure mekuroverana.
6. Mubvunzo: Kugongana kweinelastic kunogona kuitika muchikamu chimwe chete here? Mhinduro: Kwete, kugongana kweinelastic kunogona kuitika muchikamu chimwe, zviviri, kana zvitatu. Nheyo dzinoramba dzakafanana, kuverenga kwevector chete ndiko kunonyanya kuoma.
7. Mubvunzo: Munyaya yefizikisi yezvipenyu, chii chinowanzoitika kana paine kugongana kweinelastic? Mhinduro: Mufizikisi yezvipenyu, kugongana kweinelastic kunowanzo konzera kushanduka kwezvipenyu zvinogongana kuita zvipenyu zvakasiyana.
8. Mubvunzo: Ungaziva sei huwandu hwesimba rinorasika mukukonana kusina kusimba? Mhinduro: Nekuverenga mutsauko uripo pakati pesimba rekutanga rekinetic nesimba rekupedzisira rekinetic.
9. Mubvunzo: Sei kuroverana kweinelastic kusingatyori mutemo wekuchengetedza simba? Mhinduro: Simba richiri kuchengetedzwa; rinongoshandurwa kubva pane chimwe chimiro (kinetic) kuenda kune zvimwe (senge kupisa kana ruzha) pane kuramba riri simba rekinetic chete.
10. Mubvunzo: Kuroverana kwakawanda kwenyika chaiyo hakuna kusimba here? Mhinduro: Ehe, kuroverana kwakawanda kwenyika chaiyo hakuna kusimba nekuti kazhinji pane shanduko yesimba remagetsi kuita mamwe marudzi.
11. Mubvunzo: Pakusangana kusina kusimba, kana zvinhu zviviri zvikabatana, chii chingataurwa nezvekumhanya kwazvo kwakabatana? Mhinduro: Kumhanya kwazvo kwakabatana kunoenderana nekuchengetedzwa kwesimba. Zvinhu zviviri izvi zvichafamba nekumhanya kwakafanana mushure mekusangana.
12. Mubvunzo: Kodzero yekudzoserwa kwemari inoenderana sei nekuroverana kweinelastic? Mhinduro: Kodzero yekudzoserwa kwemari, inoratidzwa se , inoyera "kusvetuka" kwekuroverana. Kune kuroverana kweinelastic zvakakwana, �=0 .
13. Mubvunzo: Sei kuroverana kusina kusimba kungaburitsa ruzha? Mhinduro: Kuroverana kunogona kukonzera kudedera muzvinhu zviri kuroverana, izvo zvinogona kuburitsa mafungu eruzha munzvimbo yakapoteredza.
14. Mubvunzo: Simba regiravhiti rinogona kukonzera kuroverana kwepasi here? Mhinduro: Ehe, kunyanya kana kuroverana kwacho kuchikonzera shanduko mukukwirira kana nzvimbo yezvinhu, zvichishandura simba rekinetic kuita simba regiravhiti.
15. Mubvunzo: Sei mabhora erabha asingabatanidzwe zvakanaka, kunyangwe ari "anosvetuka-svetuka"? Mhinduro: Mabhora erabha anobatanidzwa zvakanyanya kana kuti near-elastic nekuti anowanzo chengetedza simba rawo rekufamba-famba uye anodzokera kumashure. Haanamati pamwe chete, izvo zvinogona kuratidzwa nekubatanidzwa kwakakwana.
16. Mubvunzo: Mabhora maviri evhu akapfava anogona kuratidza kuroverana kusina kupfava zvakakwana here? Mhinduro: Ehe, nekuti kana mabhora maviri evhu akapfava akabatana, anowanzo batana uye haadzokeri shure, izvo zvinoonekwa pakuroverana kusina kupfava zvakakwana.
17. Mubvunzo: Zvinokwanisika here kuti kuroverana kusina kusimba kuitike pasina ruzha kana kupisa? Mhinduro: Hazviwanzoitiki, asi zvinogoneka. Simba rinogona kunyangarika nedzimwe nzira dzisinganzwisisike kana kuchengetwa sesimba remukati.
18. Mubvunzo: Kugongana kweinelastic kunogona kudzoserwa kumashure here? Mhinduro: Kazhinji, kugongana kweinelastic hakudzoreki nekuti kushandurwa kwesimba rekinetic kuita mamwe marudzi kunoita kuti zviome kudzokera kumamiriro ekutanga.
19. Mubvunzo: Kusagona kwemhepo kunoenderana sei nekusagona kwemhepo? Mhinduro: Kusagona kwemhepo kunogona kuita kuti kusagona kwemhepo kuve kwakanyanya nekuparadza simba remagetsi sekupisa.
20. Mubvunzo: Kuroverana kweinelastic kune zvakunoreva here mukugadzirwa kwekuchengetedza, senge nzvimbo dzemotokari dzakapwanyika? Mhinduro: Ehe, nzvimbo dzakapwanyika mumotokari dzakagadzirirwa kusangana nekuroverana kweinelastic, zvichitora simba rekufamba uye kuderedza masimba anoshanda pavanhu vari mumotokari.
Kuroverana kwepasi pasi kunoita basa rakakosha pakunzwisisa mitemo yekuchengetedza fizikisi uye kwakakosha mukushandiswa kwakawanda uye magadzirirwo ekuchengetedza.
