Kupindirana kwezvikamu zviviri - matambudziko nemhinduro
1. Chiedza chechero chinopfuura nepakati pemipata miviri uye patani yekupindira inoonekwa pachiratidziro.
(1) Tiye akajeka mipendero upamhi huchawedzera kana chiedza cheyero chikatsiviwa nebhuruu
(2) Tiye akajeka mipendero zvichawedzera hupamhi kana kureba pakati pemipata kwaderedzwa
(3) Tsimba rechiedza rinoderera kana riri kure nesentimuromo wemupendero
(4) Tkusimba kwechiedza inogara iripo kana iri kure nesentimuromo wemupendero
Ndechipi chirevo chakarurama?
mhinduro
Daro riri pakati pemipata iri diki pane dariro riri pakati pemupata nechidzitiro saka kona iyoyo idiki kwazvo. Zvadaro,
Kuenzanisa kwekupindirana kwemativi maviri (constitutive interference))
d = daro pakati pemipata, y =Kureba pakati pemutsetse wakajeka nepakati pemucheto, l = chinhambwe chiri pakati pechidzitiro nepaburi, n = kurongekar, λ = wavelength
(1) Tiye akajeka mipendero upamhi huchawedzera kana chiedza cheyero chikatsiviwa nebhuruu
Zvichibva pa equation iri pamusoro apa, huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hunoenderana nehukuru hwewavelength (λ). Kana kureba kwewavelength kukadzikira, huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hunowedzera. Mwenje yeyero une wavelength yakakura (frequency diki) pane yebhuruu. Kana chiedza yeyero chikachinjwa kuita bhuruu, kureba kwewavelength kunoderera, saka huwandu hwemitsara yakajeka (n) hunowedzera.
Chirevo ichi chakarurama.
(2) Mipendero yakajeka ichawedzera hupamhi kana daro riri pakati pemipata rikaderedzwa
Zvichibva pafomura iri pamusoro apa, daro riri pakati pemitsetse (d) rinoenderana zvakananga nenhamba yemitsetse yakajeka (n). Kana daro riri pakati pemitsetse yakaderedzwa, nhamba yemitsetse yakajeka (n) inoderera.
Chirevo ichi hachina kururama.
(3) Tsimba rechiedza rinoderera kana riri kure nesentimuromo wemupendero
Kusimba kwechiedza kunoenderana nechiyero chechiedza. Kusimba kwechiedza kunoenderana nekureba kana daro racho rakakura uye simba racho riri diki (chiedza chinodzikira).
Chirevo ichi chakarurama.
(4) Tkusimba kwechiedza inogara iripo kana iri kure nesentimuromo wemupendero
Chirevo ichi hachina kururama.
2. Chiedza chinowira pamipata miviri iri pakati pe 2-mm uye chinoburitsa pachidzitiro chiri 1 m kubva pamutsetse wechina wakajeka 1-mm kubva pakati pepatani. Chii chinonzi wavelength yechiedza chinoshandiswa?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata (d) = 2 mm = 2 x 10-3 m
Odhar (n) = 4
Kureba pakati pechidzitiro nepaburi (l) = mita imwe
Distance between mutsetse wakajeka wechina uye pakati pemufananidzo (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m = gumi-3 m
Zvaidiwa: Wkureba (λ)
Solution:
Kuenzanisa kwekupindirana kwe double slit:
chivi θ = n λ
Kureba kwemafungu yechiedza (λ) :
3. Mipata miviri ye3-mm yakaparadzana, mita imwe kubva pachiratidziro. Kana ikagadzira mutsetse wakajeka wechitanhatu we1-mm kubva pakati pepatani, hupamhi hwemwenje hupi hwechiedza chinoshandiswa?
Zvinozivikanwa:
Kureba pakati pemipata (d) = 3 mm = 3 x 10-3 m
Odhar (n) = 6
Kureba pakati pechidzitiro nepaburi (l) = mita imwe
Distance between mutsetse wakajeka wechitanhatu uye pakati pemufananidzo (y) = 1 mm = 1 x 10-3 m = gumi-3 mita
Zvaidiwa: Kureba kwechiedza (λ)
Solution:
Kureba kwechiedza (λ)
1. Mubvunzo: Ndeipi nheyo huru iri shure kwekupindira kwe double-slit?
Pindura: Kupindirana kwemaburi maviri kunobva pakuiswa kwemafungu anobva mumaburi maviri ari pedyo, zvichikonzera nzvimbo dzine kupindirana kunovaka uye kunoparadza.
2. Mubvunzo: Mipendero yakajeka neyakasviba inogadzirwa sei pachiratidziro?
Pindura: Mipendero yakajeka (maxima) inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kwekuvaka kana mafungu emvura akabatana, nepo mipendero yakasviba (minima) inokonzerwa nekukanganiswa kunoparadza kana chigadziko chinobva pane rimwe divi chichipindirana negomba rinobva kune rimwe.
3. Mubvunzo: Sei chiedza che monochromatic chichiwanzo shandiswa mukuyedza kwe double-slit?
Pindura: Chiedza cheMonochromatic chinoita kuti mwenje urambe wakareba, zvichiita kuti pave nekuchinja kwakajeka uye kwakasimba.
4. Mubvunzo: Kuchinja urefu hwechiedza kunokanganisa sei maitiro ekupindira kwechiedza?
Pindura: Kuwedzera wavelength kunowedzera miganhu, nepo kuderedza wavelength kunoderedza.
5. Mubvunzo: Kureba kwenzvimbo dziri pakati pemipata miviri kunokanganisa sei maitiro ekupindirana?
Pindura: Kana nzvimbo iri pakati pemipata yakakura, ndipo panonyanya kuswedera pedyo mipendero yekupindirana pachiratidziro.
6. Mubvunzo: Kupindirana kwezvidimbu zvakaita semaerekitironi kunogona kuonekwa here?
Pindura: Ehe, zvidimbu zvakaita semaerekitironi zvinoratidza hunhu hwemafungu-zvimedu, zvichiratidza maitiro ekupindira akafanana nechiedza kana chapfuura nepakati pemipata miviri.
7. Mubvunzo: Musiyano wenzira uripo pakati pemafungu anosvika pamucheto wakajeka ndeupi?
Pindura: Musiyano wenzira pamucheto wakajeka ihuwandu hwakazara hwewavelength, senge 0, λ, 2λ, nezvimwewo.
8. Mubvunzo: Kureba kuri pakati pemipata miviri nechidzitiro kunokanganisa sei maitiro ekupindira?
Pindura: Sezvo daro riri pakati pemipata nechidzitiro richikura, kupatsanurwa kwemiganhu kunowedzera kukura.
9. Mubvunzo: Chii chinomiririra central maximum muchimiro chekupindira?
Pindura: Nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro ndiyo nzvimbo yakajeka zvikuru yakatarisana nezvidimbu zviviri, uko mafungu anobva muzvidimbu zvose anofamba daro rakafanana kuenda kuchiratidziro, zvichikonzera kupindirana kwechinhu.
10. Mubvunzo: Ko maitiro ekupindira anogona kuonekwa nemaziso asina kusimba here?
Pindura: Kazhinji, mipendero yekupindira inenge iri pedyo zvakanyanya zvekuti haigone kugadziriswa nemaziso, saka skrini yekuona kana detector inoshandiswa.
12. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kune maitiro ekupindira kana tsime rechiedza rikatsiviwa netsime rechiedza chena?
Pindura: Chiedza chichena chinoburitsa denderedzwa jena repakati rakatenderedzwa nedenderedzwa rine mavara nekuti marefu akasiyana ehurefu anopindira panzvimbo dzakasiyana zvishoma.
13. Mubvunzo: Kubatana kwakabatana sei nekupindirana kwemativi maviri?
Pindura: Kuti pave nechimiro chakajeka chekupindira, masosi echiedza anobva mumaburi maviri anofanira kunge akabatana, zvichireva kuti anochengetedza hukama hwechikamu hunogara huripo.
14. Mubvunzo: Sei kuyedza kwe single-photon kuchikosha pakunzwisisa kupindirana kwe double-slit?
Pindura: Kuedza kwe photon imwe chete kunoratidza kuti photon imwe neimwe inogona kuzvikanganisa, zvichitsigira pfungwa ye "wave-particle duality".
15. Mubvunzo: Upamhi hwemugero wega wega hunokanganisa sei maitiro ekupindira?
Pindura: Mupata wakakura uchaita kuti pave nemapatani akafara ekuyerera kwechiedza, ayo achapindirana uye achachinja kuoneka nekupinza kwepatani yekupindira.
16. Mubvunzo: Nheyo ye superposition inoita basa rei mukupindira?
Pindura: Nheyo ye superposition inoti kutama kwese kwemafungu anopindirana ndiko kuwanda kwekutama kwawo ega ega. Izvi zvinotungamira mukupindira kunovaka uye kunoparadza mukuyedza kwe double-slit.
17. Mubvunzo: Kukanganiswa kwemafungu maviri kunogona kuitika here nemamwe marudzi emafungu kunze kwechiedza?
Pindura: Ehe, kupindirana kwechinhu chikuru chemafungu uye kunogona kuonekwa nemafungu eruzha, mafungu emvura, uye kunyange mafungu ezvinhu zvakaita semaerekitironi.
18. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kune maitiro ekupindira kana imwe yemipata yakavharwa?
Pindura: Kuvhara mukaha mumwe chete kuchabvisa maitiro ekupindira, uye maitiro ekuparadzanisa kubva pamukaha mumwe chete wakavhurika ndiwo chete achaonekwa.
19. Mubvunzo: Kuedza kwe "double-slit" kwakabatana sei nepfungwa ye "wave-particle duality"?
Pindura: Kuedza kwe "double-slit" kunoratidza kuti zvidimbu zvakaita semaerekitironi zvinogona kuratidza maitiro akafanana nemafungu (kupindira) uye maitiro akafanana nezvidimbu (zvinoonekwa sezvikamu zvakasiyana), zvichisimbisa hunhu hwemafungu-zvidimbu.
20. Mubvunzo: Chii chinoitika kune maitiro ekupindira kana zvidimbu zvikaonekwa nepakati pemugero wazvinopfuura nawo?
Pindura: Chiitiko chekucherechedza chinoputsa basa remafungu, uye maitiro ekupindira anonyangarika, zvichiratidza musimboti we quantum mechanics iyo mucherechedzi anokanganisa anoonekwa.
Kunzwisisa kupindirana kwe double-slit ndiko kwakakosha mune zvese classical wave optics uye quantum mechanics, zvichiratidza hunhu hwakaoma hwechiedza nezvinhu.
