Tsanangudzo uye Mienzaniso yeMakomo Makuru
ziviso
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira, dzinowanzoonekwa nerunako rwadzo rukuru uye nzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvinhu zvakakosha pamusoro pePasi. Nzvimbo idzi dzakakwirira, dziri pamusoro pegungwa, dzinoratidza hunhu hwakasiyana hwezvakatipoteredza, mamiriro ekunze, uye geology. Kubva kumakomo akaomarara kusvika kunzvimbo dzakakwirira, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinogona kuonekwa mumakondinendi akasiyana-siyana, dzichipa nzvimbo dzakanaka uye nhoroondo yetsika yakapfuma. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa tsananguro, hunhu, uye mienzaniso inozivikanwa yenzvimbo dzakakwirira pasi rese, ichiratidza kukosha kwadzo nebasa radzo munhoroondo yezvisikwa neyevanhu.
Tsanangudzo yeHighlands
Tsanangudzo yenzvimbo
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira inzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinokwira zvakanyanya pamusoro penzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Nzvimbo idzi dzinosanganisira makomo, nzvimbo dzakakwirira, nezvikomo. Zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenzvimbo, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinowanzoonekwa senzvimbo dziri pamusoro pegungwa nemamita mazana mashanu (1,600 feet). Zvisinei, tsananguro iyi inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzemunharaunda uye kukwirira kwadzo zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzakaderera dziri pedyo.
Geological Formation
Kuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira kunonyanya kukonzerwa nezviitiko zve tectonic, zviitiko zvekuputika kwemakomo, uye kukurwa kwevhu. Masimba e tectonic anogona kukonzera kuti goko repasi ripetwe nekukwira, zvichigadzira makomo. Mabasa ekuputika kwemakomo anogonawo kubatsira mukuumbwa kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira nekuisa lava nemadota, zvichivaka nzvimbo dzakakwirira nekufamba kwenguva. Pamusoro pezvo, maitiro ekuputika kwevhu anogona kugadzira nzvimbo dzakakwirira, kuveza mipata uye kuumba materu akanyorova.
Hunhu hweMamiriro ekunze
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzine mamiriro ekunze akasiyana nekuda kwekukwirira kwadzo. Sezvo kukwirira kuchiwedzera, tembiricha inowanzoderera, zvichikonzera mamiriro ekunze anotonhorera zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dzakaderera dziri munzvimbo dzakafanana. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinowanzo kunaya mvura yakawanda, kunyanya panzvimbo dzine mhepo ine hunyoro apo mhepo ine hunyoro inomanikidzwa kukwira nekutonhorera, zvichikonzera kunyorova nemvura. Kuchinja uku kwemamiriro ekunze kunoita basa rakakosha mukuumba zvinomera nemagariro evanhu zvinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira.
Mienzaniso Inoonekwa yeMatunhu Ekumusoro
Iwo maScotland Highlands
Nzvimbo dzeScottish Highlands dziri kuchamhembe kweScotland, uye ndeimwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakurumbira pasi rose. Dzine makomo akaomarara, nzvimbo dzakadzika, uye nzvimbo dzakakura, nzvimbo iyi inofukidza chikamu chimwe chete chechitatu chekuchamhembe kweScotland. Nzvimbo dzeScottish Highlands dziri chikamu cheGrampian Mountain range, Ben Nevis iriyo nzvimbo yakakwirira kwazvo muBritish Isles ine kukwirira kwemamita 1,345 (4,413 feet). Nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa nenzvimbo dzayo dzinoshamisa, nhaka yetsika yakapfuma, uye nzvimbo dzakakosha dzenhoroondo. Nzvimbo dzeScottish Highlands dzinokwezva vashanyi nevanofarira mafambiro enzvimbo nerunako rwadzo runoshamisa uye mikana yekufamba netsoka, kubata hove, uye kuongorora nhare dzekare.
Nzvimbo dzeTopiya dzeEthiopiya
Zvichinzi "Denga reAfrica," Ethiopian Highlands inzvimbo yakakura ine makomo muEthiopia, inofukidza nzvimbo dziri pakati nekuchamhembe kwenyika. Ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzakakwirira kwazvo muAfrica, ine makomo akawanda anodarika 4,000 metres (13,000 feet). Makomo eSimien, chikamu chenzvimbo idzi dzakakwirira, anosanganisira Ras Dashen, makomo akakwirira eEthiopia ane 4,550 metres (14,928 feet). Nekuda kwekukwirira kwawo, Ethiopian Highlands ine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo iyi ive nzvimbo yekurima yakaorera. Nzvimbo iyi inewo mhuka dzesango dzakasiyana uye mhuka dzinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakadai semhumhi yeEthiopia nebaboon yeGelada.
Denga reDeccan
Deccan Plateau inzvimbo ine mukurumbira muIndia, inofukidza chikamu chikuru chekumaodzanyemba kwenyika. Deccan Plateau iyi inodarika matunhu masere eIndia uye yakaganhurirwa nemakomo eWestern neEastern Ghats. Deccan Plateau iri paavhareji yekukwirira kwayo inosvika mamita mazana matanhatu (2,000 feet) pamusoro pegungwa, ine misoro yakati wandei ichikwira zvakanyanya. Inzvimbo ine kukosha kukuru kwezve geology, ine matombo ekare ebasalt anoputika. Deccan Plateau ine mamiriro ekunze emuchadenga uye inotsigira zvirimwa nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita basa rakakosha mukurima kweIndia uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Makomo eAndes
Makomo eAndes, akatambanudzwa kumahombekombe ekumadokero eSouth America, ndiwo makomo akareba kupfuura mamwe ose pasi rose. Aine nyika nomwe - Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, neArgentina - Andes inofukidza nzvimbo yakakura yenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Makomo akawanda muAndes anopfuura 6,000 metres (19,685 feet), Gomo reAconcagua muArgentina riri pamusoro paro pa6,959 metres (22,831 feet). MaAndes anozivikanwa nekuda kwenzvimbo dzawo dzakanaka, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvezvicherwa, uye nhaka yetsika inokosha. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeAndes dzinotsigira nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzePáramo neAltiplano, uye ndidzo musha wevanhu vekare vakaita seIncas.
Nzvimbo dzepamusoro dzeAppalachian
Matunhu eAppalachian, kana kuti maAppalachian, imakomo akasiyana-siyana anotangira kumaodzanyemba kweUnited States kusvika kuCanada. Dunhu iri rakakura remakomo rinosanganisira makomo eBlue Ridge, makomo eGreat Smoky, nemakomo machena, pakati pemamwe. Kunyange zvazvo risina kureba semamwe makomo makuru pasi rose, maAppalachian ane makomo anodarika mamita 2,000 (6,600 feet), akadai seMount Mitchell muNorth Carolina ane 2,037 metres (6,684 feet). Dunhu reAppalachian rinozivikanwa nekuwanda kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ezvisikwa, runako rwenzvimbo, uye kukosha kwenhoroondo, kusanganisira Appalachian Trail yakakurumbira, nzira yekufamba netsoka yakareba kupfuura makiromita 3,500 (2,200 miles).
Kukosha kweMatunhu ePamusoro
Ecological Kukosha
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoshanda senzvimbo dzakakosha dzemhando dzakasiyana dzemiti nemhuka, zvichibatsira mukusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu. Nzvimbo dzakawanda dzakakwirira dzine mhando dzemhuka dzakagara dziripo dzakajaira mamiriro ekunze chaiwo uye mamiriro ekunze anowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinoitawo basa rakakosha mukudzora kutenderera kwemvura, sezvo dzinowanzova manyuko enzizi nehova dzinopa mvura yakakosha kumhuka dzesango nevanhu vari pasi padzo.
Tsika uye Nhoroondo Kukosha
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzave dziri musha wenharaunda dzakawanda dzemuno netsika dzekare. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzova netsika nenhoroondo dzakakosha, nenzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakawanda dzine nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo, zvivakwa zvenhoroondo, uye tsika dzechivanhu dzagara dziripo kwemazana emakore. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinogona kuva nzvimbo dzekuzivikanwa kwetsika, kuchengetedza mitauro, tsika, uye mararamiro akasiyana.
Kukosha Kweupfumi
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzinobatsira muhupfumi kuburikidza nekurima, masango, kushanya, uye migodhi. Ivhu rakaorera uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzakakwirira zvinotsigira kurima, zvichibereka zvirimwa zvakaita setii, kofi, nemichero yakasiyana-siyana. Matanda nezvimwe zvirimwa zvemasango zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvakatorwa kubva mumasango emakomo. Uyezve, nzvimbo dzakanaka uye runako rwezvisikwa zvenzvimbo dzakakwirira zvinokwezva vashanyi, zvichiunza mari uye zvichitsigira hupfumi hwenzvimbo.
mhedziso
Nzvimbo dzakakwirira inzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye dzinochinja-chinja dzinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza nharaunda, tsika, uye hupfumi. Kubva kuNzvimbo dzakakwirira dzeScotland kusvika kuMakomo eAndes, nzvimbo idzi dzakakwirira dzinoratidza hunhu hwakasiyana hwenzvimbo uye dzinobatsira zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu neyezvisikwa. Kunzwisisa kukosha kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira nehunhu hwadzo hwakasiyana kunogona kukurudzira kuyemurwa nekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo idzi dzakanaka dzirambe dzichibudirira uye dzikurudzire zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
