Tsanangudzo uye Mienzaniso yeMaodzanyemba
ziviso
Nzvimbo dzakaderera, zvakasiyana nenzvimbo dzakakwirira, zvinoreva nzvimbo dzenyika dzakati sandara uye dziri panzvimbo yakaderera kana tichienzanisa nenzvimbo dzakatenderedza. Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzoonekwa nevhu radzo rakaorera, mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati, uye nharaunda dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti dzive dzakakodzera kurima, kugara kwevanhu, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora tsananguro yenzvimbo dzakaderera, mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzenzvimbo dzakaderera, uye tichapa mienzaniso inoonekwa kubva pasi rese.
Tsanangudzo yeMaodzanyemba
General Definition
Matunhu akaderera, kana tichitarisa nzvimbo, inyika yakakura isina kukwirira zvakanyanya pamusoro pegungwa. Anosiyana nenzvimbo dzakakwirira, nzvimbo dzakakwirira, nenzvimbo dzine makomo nekuda kwekuti dzakati sandara kana kuti nzvimbo dzakadzika zvishoma nezvishoma. Matunhu akaderera anogona kuwanikwa mukondinendi yega yega uye anogona kusiyana zvakanyanya muhukuru, kubva kumapani makuru kusvika kumapani madiki nemadhamu.
Specific Criteria
1. Kureba: Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinowanzoonekwa nekukwirira kwadzo kwakaderera, kazhinji dziri pamusoro pegungwa kana kuti pamusoro pegungwa. Kazhinji hadzipfuure mamita mazana maviri (656 feet) pakureba.
2. Nzvimbo iri munzvimbo dzakadzika inowanzova yakati sandara kana kuti ine matsime madiki, isina mikwidza yakakosha inowanikwa munzvimbo dzakakwirira kana munzvimbo dzine makomo.
3. Kuorera kwevhu: Nzvimbo zhinji dziri pasi dzine ivhu rakaorera nekuda kwekuungana kwevhu, zvichiita kuti rive rakakodzera kurima.
4. Mamiriro Ekunze: Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinowanzova nemamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati, kunyange izvi zvichigona kusiyana zvichienderana nenzvimbo yadzo. Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzerwizi dzinowanzova nehunyoro hwakawanda uye mvura inonaya kakawanda, nepo nzvimbo dzakaderera dzemahombekombe dzingave dzine mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati.
Mhando dzeMaodzanyemba
Rwizi rweMaodzanyemba
Nzvimbo dzakadzika dzerwizi, dzinozivikanwawo senzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda, inzvimbo dzakakomberedza nzizi nedzinoyerera mvura. Dzinoumbwa nekuunganidzwa kwevhu rakatakurwa nenzizi, nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzova nevhu rakaorera zvakanyanya. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
– Nile Delta (Egypt): Imwe yemienzaniso yakakurumbira yenzvimbo dzakaderera dzerwizi, Nile Delta yave ichitsigira budiriro yevanhu kwezviuru zvemakore.
– Ganges Plain (India neBangladesh): Ganges Plain inzvimbo yakakura uye yakaorera yepasi ine vanhu vakawanda pasi rose.
Coastal Lowlands
Inowanikwa mumahombekombe egungwa, nzvimbo idzi dzakaderera dzinogona kupinda mukati menyika uye dzinowanzoonekwa nevhu jecha uye mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
– Atlantic Coastal Plain (USA): Nzvimbo iyi yepasi inozivikanwa nemabasa ayo makuru ekurima, ichitangira kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva kweUnited States kusvika kuFlorida neGulf Coast.
– Nzvimbo yeNorth Europe: Ichibva kumiganhu yekumadokero kweFrance kusvika kuRussia, nzvimbo iyi yepasi yakaita basa guru munhoroondo nebudiriro yeEurope.
Matunhu eTectonic Lowlands
Matunhu aya anowanikwa ne tectonic activity, kusanganisira kuputika kwematombo (faulting) uye kutsemuka kwemvura (rifts). Anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzine kufamba kwakakosha kwe geological. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
– Great Rift Valley (Eastern Africa): Yakaumbwa ne tectonic activity, Great Rift Valley inotenderera nyika dzakasiyana siyana uye ine nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugara munzvimbo dzakaderera.
– Central Valley (California, USA): Nzvimbo iyi yepasi, yakakomberedzwa nemakomo kumativi ese, inzvimbo yakakosha yekurima muUnited States.
Nzvimbo dzemukati meMaodzanyemba
Nzvimbo dzakadzika dzemukati menyika inzvimbo dziri kure negungwa, dzinowanzo tenderedzwa nenzvimbo dzakakwirira. Nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kusanganisira mapani makuru nemabheseni. Mienzaniso inosanganisira:
– Mapani Makuru (USA neCanada): Iri pakati peMakomo eRocky neMakomo eAppalachian, nzvimbo iyi yakakura yepasi inozivikanwa nemafuro ayo makuru uye kubereka kurima.
– Amazon Basin (South America): Iine sango guru remvura pasi rose, Amazon Basin inzvimbo yepasi ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakawanda.
Mienzaniso Inoonekwa yeMaodzanyemba Akaderera
The Netherlands
Netherlands, ichigara munzvimbo dzakawanda dzepasi muEurope, inozivikanwa nenzvimbo yayo yakakura yepasi, iyo yakawanda iri pasi pegungwa. VaDutch vane hunyanzvi mukugadzirisa mvura dzakadai semadhirowa, mapolder, uye migero yemvura kudzivirira nyika yavo kubva mukukanganiswa neNorth Sea. Kuedza uku kwakaita kuti Netherlands ive nzvimbo ine vanhu vakawanda uye inobereka zvirimwa.
Bhangiradheshi
Bangladesh, chikamu cheGanges-Brahmaputra Delta, inoratidza nzvimbo dzakaderera dzerwizi. Dunhu iri re deltaic, rine mapani makuru, rinosangana nemafashamo emwaka anopfumisa ivhu, zvichiita kuti rive rakaorera zvakanyanya. Pasinei nematambudziko echisikigo akadai semafashamo nemadutu, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzeBangladesh dzinotsigira huwandu hwevanhu uye kurima kuri kubudirira.
Gungwa reAmazon
Gungwa reAmazon, rinofukidza nzvimbo huru dzeBrazil, Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, neFrench Guiana, nderimwe rematunhu akakosha pasi rose. Rinozivikanwa nehupenyu hwaro hwakasiyana-siyana uye Rwizi rweAmazon, gungwa iri rinotsigira masango makuru netsika dzakasiyana-siyana dzemuno.
Mapani Makuru
Mapani Makuru ekuNorth America, anotangira kuCanada kusvika kuTexas, muenzaniso wakanaka wenzvimbo dzakaderera dzemukati menyika. Dunhu iri rine huswa hwakakura, miti mishoma, uye mamiriro ekunze anobatsira kurima. Mapani Makuru anozivikanwa zvikuru nekurima kwawo gorosi, chibage, nezvimwe zvirimwa zvikuru.
Kukosha kweMaodzanyemba
kurima
Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzagara dziri nzvimbo inotangira budiriro yevanhu nekuda kwevhu rayo rakaorera uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzemurwizi nedzemumahombekombe, kunyanya, dzinotsigira kurima kwakakura, dzichipa chikafu nezviwanikwa kuvanhu vakawanda.
Zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana
Nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinowanzova nehupenyu hwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana, zvichipa pekugara kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemiti nemhuka. Nzvimbo dzakanyorova, madhaka, uye nharaunda dziri pedyo nerwizi munzvimbo dzakaderera dzinoita basa rakakosha mukutsigira mawebhu ezvekudya akaomarara uye maitiro ezvezvakatipoteredza.
Kugara Kwevanhu
Nekuda kwekusvikika kwavo uye kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzave nzvimbo huru dzekugara vanhu uye kusimudzira maguta. Maguta mazhinji makuru pasi rose, akadai seNew York, Cairo, neShanghai, ari munzvimbo dzakaderera.
Zviitiko Zvehupfumi
Kunze kwekurima, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinotsigira zvimwe zviitiko zvehupfumi zvinosanganisira kubata hove, kushanya, uye kutakura. Nzizi dzinofamba netsoka munzvimbo dzakaderera dzinobatsira kutengeserana nekutengeserana, zvichiwedzera kubatana kwehupfumi.
mhedziso
Nzvimbo dzakaderera zvinhu zvakakosha muchimiro chenzvimbo nenharaunda yePasi. Hunhu hwadzo hwakasiyana - kukwirira kwakaderera, ivhu rakaorera, uye mamiriro ekunze ari pakati nepakati - zvakakurudzira budiriro yevanhu, zvakatsigira zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvakaita kuti mabasa ehupfumi ave nyore munhoroondo yese. Kubva kuNile Delta yakaorera kusvika kuAmazon Basin ine zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzinopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pekuti geography inoumba sei nyika yechisikigo nenzanga dzevanhu. Kunzwisisa nekuchengetedza nzvimbo idzi dzakapfuma kwakakosha kuti dzirambe dzichikosha zvikuru mukuchengetedza nharaunda nehupfumi hwezvizvarwa zvinotevera.
