Nei Denga Rakaita Bhuruu Zvichienderana Nenzvimbo
Imwe yemibvunzo inonakidza uye inowanzo fungwa nezvayo musainzi uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva ndeyekuti, "Sei denga riri rebhuruu?" Kunyange zvazvo zvingaita semubvunzo uri nyore, tsananguro yacho inobva mukusangana kwakaoma pakati pemwaranzi yezuva nemhepo yepasi. Rwendo urwu rwekunzwisisa kuti sei denga richitora ruvara rwaro rwebhuruu runosanganisira kuongorora sainzi yemuchadenga, geography, uye fizikisi.
Hunhu hweChiedza neKuona Ruvara
Chiitiko chedenga rebhuruu chinonyanya kutenderera pamaitiro echiedza. Chiedza chezuva, chinowanzoonekwa sechena, chine mavara akasiyana-siyana. Kana chikapfuura nemuprism, chiedza chichena chinopatsanurwa kuita mavara acho: violet, indigo, bhuruu, girini, yero, orenji, uye tsvuku. Ruvara rumwe nerumwe runomiririra wavelength yakasiyana, violet iine wavelength pfupi uye tsvuku ndiyo yakareba kupfuura dzose.
Ziso remunhu rinoona mavara zvichienderana nekuti marefu aya anoshanda sei nenzvimbo yakapoteredza. Maziso edu anonyanya kunzwa chikamu chebhuruu chespectrum, zvichibatsira kuti bhuruu rionekwe zvakanyanya mukuona kwedu denga.
Rayleigh Scattering: Maitiro Akakosha
Kuti tinzwisise kuti sei denga riri rebhuruu, tinofanira kuongorora nzira inonzi Rayleigh scattering, yakatumidzwa zita remusayendisiti wekuBritain Lord Rayleigh. Rayleigh scattering inotsanangura kuti chiedza chinoparadzirwa sei nezvidimbu zvidiki kupfuura urefu hwemafungu aro. Mhepo yepasi yakazara nemamorekuru madiki enitrogen neokisijeni. Kana chiedza chezuva chikapinda mumhepo, mamorekuru aya anoparadzira chiedza chinouya kumativi ese.
Sezvo chiedza chebhuruu neruvara rwepepuru zvine mawavelength mapfupi, zvakapararira zvakanaka kupfuura mamwe mavara. Zvisinei, pasinei nekuti chiedza cheruvara rwepepuru chakapararira kupfuura bhuruu, denga hariratidzike seruvara rwepepuru kumaziso edu. Kusiyana uku kunoitika nekuti kuona kwevanhu hakunyanyi kunzwisiswa nechiedza cheruvara rwepepuru uye nekuti kunotorwa zvishoma nemhepo yepamusoro. Nokudaro, chiedza chakapararira chinosvika kumaziso edu ndechebhuruu.
Geographical considerations
Nzvimbo yezvepasi ine basa guru pakuona kwedu ruvara rwedenga. Kona iyo chiedza chezuva chinopinda nayo mumhepo, kukwirira, uye kuumbwa kwemhepo zvose zvinopesvedzera maonero aya.
1. Latitude neAngle yeZuva
Kona yezuva inochinja zvichienderana ne latitude. Pa latitude dzakakwirira, kunyanya pedyo ne pole, zuva rinowanzova rakaderera pamucheto, zvichikonzera nzira refu dzemudenga dzekuti chiedza chezuva chionekwe uye kupararira kwema wavelength mapfupi. Izvi zvinogona kuwedzera ruvara rwebhuruu rwedenga asiwo kugadzira matsvuku nemaorenji zvinoshamisa pakubuda kwezuva nekunyura kwezuva.
2. Kureba
Kukwirira kunokanganisa ruvara rwedenga. Pakukwirira, mhepo inenge yakatetepa, zvichireva kuti kune mamorekuru mashoma emhepo ekuparadzira chiedza chezuva. Nekuda kweizvozvo, denga rinoita sebhuruu rakasviba. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei vanokwira makomo nevatyairi vendege vachiwanzotaura nezvedenga rebhuruu rakadzama uye rakajeka zvichienzaniswa nerinoonekwa padanho regungwa.
3. Kuumbwa kweMhepo
Nzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenzvimbo dzine maitiro akasiyana-siyana emhepo. Nzvimbo dzine huwandu hwakawanda hwezvinosvibisa kana guruva, zvakaita semaguta makuru kana nzvimbo dzerenje, dzinogona kukanganisa kupararira kwechiedza. Kusvibiswa kunowanzo kuparadzira chiedza kumativi ese uye kunogona kukonzera kuti denga riite serima kana kuti grey. Kusiyana neizvi, mhepo yakajeka, isina kusvibiswa inoita kuti denga rebhuruu rive rakawanda.
Basa reMatsime emvura
Mvura yakakura yakaita semakungwa nemadziva inokanganisawo chitarisiko chebhuruu chedenga. Pamusoro pemvura panoratidza uye panosangana chiedza nenzira dzakaoma. Pedyo nenzvimbo dzegungwa, denga rinogona kuoneka rakasiyana zvishoma muruvara nekuda kwekusanganiswa kwechiedza chakapararira uye mvura yegungwa, iyo inoparadzirawo chiedza chezuva. Pamusoro pezvo, hunyoro hunobva mumvura idzi hunogona kuchinja mamiriro ekunze, zvichigona kuwedzera maitiro ekupararira anotsigira chiedza chebhuruu.
Nguva, Mamiriro Ekunze, uye Denga Rebhuruu
Ruvara rwebhuruu rwedenga runogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nenguva nemamiriro ekunze.
1. Nguva yeZuva
Munguva yemasikati, apo zuva riri pamusoro chaipo, chiedza chezuva chinofamba nepakati penzvimbo diki yemudenga, zvichikonzera kupararira kwakanyanya kwechiedza chebhuruu muRayleigh. Izvi zvinoita kuti denga riite serakajeka uye rakasviba zvakanyanya. Pakubuda kwezuva nekunyura kwezuva, nzira yechiedza chezuva inopfuura nemumhepo inorebesa, ichiwedzera kupararira kwemarefu mapfupi kubva pamutsetse wekuona uye ichibvumira marefu marefu akaita setsvuku neorenji kutonga, ichipenda denga nemavara anodziya.
2. Mamiriro Ekunze
Mamiriro ekunze, akadai semakore, hunyoro, uye kumanikidzwa kwemhepo, zvinoshandurawo ruvara rwedenga. Makore anoparadzira marefu ese echiedza zvakaenzana, zvichikonzera denga jena kana grey. Hunyoro hwakawanda hunogona kuparadzira chiedza nenzira yakafanana nemakore, zvichikonzera denga rebhuruu risina kupenya zvakanyanya. Kusiyana neizvi, mamiriro ekunze akajeka, akaoma anowedzera ruvara rwebhuruu.
The Global Perspective
Kuongorora ruvara rwedenga kubva pamaonero epasi rose kunoratidza kusiyana kunoshamisa kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwenzvimbo. Kutaura zvazviri, kudyidzana kwedenga nechiedza kunogonawo kugadzira zvinhu zvisingawanzoitiki uye zvinonakidza zvakaita sema halos, sundogs, uye blue moons, zvichikurudzirwa nemamiriro akasiyana ekunze uye misimboti yekupararira kwechiedza.
1. Halos neSundog
Izvi zvinoitika zvikuru munzvimbo dzine chando nekuda kwemakristaro echando ari mumhepo, zvichigadzira mapatani echiedza anoshamisa anochinja ruvara rwedenga.
2. Mwedzi yebhuruu
Mwedzi webhuruu, unoreva mwedzi wechipiri wakazara mumwedzi wekarenda, dzimwe nguva unogona kuoneka sebhuruu nekuda kwemadota neguruva zviri mumhepo, kazhinji mushure mekuputika kwemakomo anoputika.
mhedziso
Denga rebhuruu rinonakidza humbowo hwemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara enzvimbo uye emuviri. Kupararira kweRayleigh kunonyanya kusarudza denga reruvara rwebhuruu, asi maonero ekupedzisira anopesvedzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda zvakaita se latitude, urefu, mamiriro emhepo, uye mamiriro ekunze. Kubatana uku kwakaoma kunoratidza runako rwemhepo yepasi uye zvishamiso zvezvisikwa zviripo nguva dzose. Kunzwisisa kuti nei denga riri bhuruu hakungowedzere kukoshesa kwedu zviitiko zvezuva nezuva asiwo kunowedzera ruzivo rwedu rwenyika yakatipoteredza.
