Mhando dzeMakore uye Kukanganisa Kwawo paMamiriro Ekunze
Makore haasi kungogumira pakunaka chete asiwo zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemaitiro emamiriro ekunze. Marudzi awo akasiyana-siyana, mavara, uye kukwirira kwawo zvinopesvedzera zvakanyanya kufanotaura mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro ekunze. Kunzwisisa marudzi emakore uye kukanganisa kwawo pamamiriro ekunze kunogona kubatsira kufanotaura madutu, kunaya kwemvura, uye kunyange mafambiro emamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora marudzi akasiyana emakore, akarongwa zvakanyanya nechitarisiko chawo uye kuumbwa kwawo mudenga, uye kuongorora kukanganisa kwawo pamamiriro ekunze.
Kupatsanurwa Kwemakore
Makore anowanzo patsanurwa kuita mhando huru ina zvichienderana nekukwirira kwawo uye chitarisiko chawo:
1. Makore Makuru (Cirrus, Cirrostratus, Cirrocumulus)
2. Makore Ari Pakati (Altostratus, Altocumulus)
3. Makore Mashoma (Stratus, Stratocumulus, Nimbostratus)
4. Makore Ane Kukura Kwakamira (Cumulus, Cumulonimbus)
Makore Makuru
Makore marefu anoumbwa kupfuura mamita 6,000 (20,000 feet) uko tembiricha yakaderera zvikuru, zvichikonzera kugadzirwa kwechando. Makore aya anowanzova matete uye akasviba.
Cirrus (Ci)
Makore eCirrus matete, machena, uye akaita seminhenga, anowanzoonekwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Kuvapo kwawo kunowanzo ratidza mamiriro ekunze akanaka, asi anogonawo kuratidza kuti mamiriro ekunze ari kuuya, kunyanya kana akakora kana kuti akaderera pakukwira.
Cirrostratus (Cs)
Makore eCirrostratus anoumba rukoko rutete, rwakaita semukaka mudenga uye anozivikanwa nekugadzira madenderedzwa akapoteredza zuva kana mwedzi. Makore aya anowanzo ratidza kuti kune nzvimbo inodziya iri pamberi pemvura kana sinou.
Cirrocumulus (Cc)
Makore eCirrocumulus anoonekwa sematema madiki machena akarongwa nenzira yakajairwa. Kunyange zvazvo asingawanzoitiki uye achiwanzoratidza mamiriro ekunze akanaka asi achitonhora, kuvapo kwawo dzimwe nguva kunogona kuratidza kuti madutu ari kutanga, kunyanya kana achiperekedzwa nemamwe marudzi emakore.
Makore Ari Pakati
Makore ari pakati anokura pakati pemamita 2,000 kusvika 6,000. Ane makristaro echando nemadonhwe emvura.
Altostratus (Se)
Makore eAltostratus anoumba jira regrey kana bhuruu-grey rinofukidza denga, kazhinji risati rasvika dutu rine mvura inonaya kana sinou inoramba ichinaya. Makore aya anowanzo ratidza kusvika kwenzvimbo inodziya.
Altocumulus (Ac)
Makore eAltocumulus ane matema machena kana kuti grey uye akafanana nemunda wemabhora edonje. Anowanzoonekwa mangwanani ezhizha anodziya uye ane hunyoro uye anogona kuratidza kuti kune mabhanan'ana gare gare kana akaonekwa mangwanani.
Makore Akaderera
Makore akaderera anoumbwa pasi pemamita 2,000 (6,500 feet) uye anowanzova nemadonhwe emvura, kunyange zvazvo anogonawo kunge aine zvidimbu zvechando mumamiriro ekunze anotonhora.
Stratus (St)
Makore eStratus makore akafanana egrey anogona kufukidza denga rese segumbeze gobvu. Anowanzo unza mvura shoma kana sinou shoma. Makore aya chiratidzo chakasimba chemhepo yakadzikama uye yakanyarara.
Stratocumulus (Sc)
Makore eStratocumulus anoonekwa semakore akadzika, ane maburi akafukidza denga, akasviba kupfuura cirrocumulus kana altocumulus. Anogona kuunza mvura shoma uye kuratidza mamiriro ekunze akagadzikana.
Nimbostratus (Ns)
Makore eNimbostratus akakora uye akasviba, anofukidza denga zvizere uye achiunza mvura inonaya kana sinou inoenderera mberi, yakanyarara. Kuvapo kwawo kunoratidza kuti mamiriro ekunze angangoramba akafukidzwa nemafungu uye achinaya kwenguva yakareba.
Makore ane Kukura Kwakamira
Makore aya anoumbwa nekuda kwemhepo ine simba inokwira kumusoro uye anogona kupararira kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana-siyana ekukwira.
Cumulus (Cu)
Makore eCumulus makore machena akaita seakazvimba, ane hwaro hwakati sandara, hwakaita semabhora edonje. Makore aya anowanzo batanidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akanaka, asi anogona kukura kuita makore makuru emvura (cumulonimbus) kana mhepo ikakwira nesimba zvakakwana.
Cumulonimbus (Cb)
Makore eCumulonimbus makore marefu ane kukura kwakasimba kwakatwasuka, anowanzo svika kukwirira kwemamita 12,000 kana kupfuura. Makore aya anobatanidzwa nemamiriro ekunze akaoma akadai semabhanan'ana, mvura yakawanda, chimvuramabwe, uye kunyange madutu. Ane chimiro chakaita sechipfundo, chinopararira pamusoro petroposphere.
Kukanganiswa Kwakaitwa Makore Pamamiriro Ekunze
Makore ane mabasa akawanda mumamiriro ekunze, kubva pakugadzira mamiriro ekunze ezuva nezuva kusvika pakuchinja maitiro emamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu.
Kudzora Kupisa Nemwaranzi Yezuva
Makore akareba, akadai se cirrus, anogona kubvumira chiedza chezuva kupinda nepakati asi anobata mwaranzi ye infrared inobuda, ichishanda sechikamu chinodzivirira kupisa. Kubata uku kwekupisa kunotungamira mukudziya, zvichikonzera izvo zvinozivikanwa se greenhouse effect.
Kusiyana neizvi, makore akaderera akadai se stratus ne stratocumulus anopenya zvikuru, zvichireva kuti anopenya zvakanyanya kubva mumwaranzi yezuva inopinda muchadenga. Kupenya uku kunoguma nekutonhora, nokudaro zvichideredza tembiricha yepamusoro.
Maitiro emvura inonaya
Makore akasiyana-siyana ndiwo anokonzera mhando dzakasiyana dzemvura. Semuenzaniso, makore ecumulonimbus ndiwo anokonzera mabhanan'ana ane simba, mvura zhinji, nechimvuramabwe. Kusiyana neizvi, makore enimbostratus anogadzira mvura inonaya nguva dzose uye kwenguva refu iyo inogona kukanganisa zvikuru kurima nekuwanikwa kwemvura.
Mamiriro Ekunze Uye Kufanotaura Dutu
Rudzi uye kuumbwa kwemakore zviratidzo zvakakosha zvemamiriro ekunze ari kusvika. Semuenzaniso, kuvapo kwemakore e-cirrostratus kunowanzo ratidza kuti kumberi kunodziya kunosvika, nepo makore e-altostratus achigona kuratidza dutu riri kuuya. Nyanzvi dzezvemamiriro ekunze dzinovimba zvakanyanya nemaumbirwo emakore aya kuti dzifanotaura shanduko dzemamiriro ekunze nemazvo.
Zviratidzo zveMamiriro ekunze Akakomba
Mamwe makore anoratidza mamiriro ekunze akaipa. Semuenzaniso, makore eCumulonimbus anoratidza mabhanan'ana, madutu, uye kunyange madutu. Kukura, kufamba, uye hunhu hwemakore aya zvinonyatso tariswa kuti zvipe yambiro panguva yakakodzera kunzvimbo dzinogona kukanganiswa.
Zviratidzo zveKushanduka kweMamiriro ekunze
Kuumbwa kwemakore nekuchinja kwawo nekufamba kwenguva zvinogona kushanda sezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, kuwedzera kwemakore ari munzvimbo dzakakwirira kunogona kubatsira mukudziya kwekushisa nekuda kwekugona kwawo kubata kupisa. Kusiyana neizvi, kuchinja kwenzvimbo dzakadzika dzemakore kunogona kuchinja mamiriro ekunze, zvichikanganisa maitiro emamiriro ekunze epasi rose.
Mabasa Evanhu uye Kuumbwa Kwemakore
Mabasa evanhu, kunyanya kuburitswa kwemaaerosol nemagasi egreenhouse, zvakaonekwa kuti zvine chekuita nekuumbwa kwemakore uye hunhu hwawo. Maaerosol anogona kushanda semanyuchi ekukonzeresa makore, achichinja hunhu hwemakore uye kugona kwawo kuratidza chiedza chezuva kana kubata kupisa, nokudaro achikanganisa masisitimu emamiriro ekunze emuno neepasi rose.
mhedziso
Kunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana-siyana emakore uye kukanganisa kwawo mamiriro ekunze kwakakosha pakufanotaura mamiriro ekunze nemazvo uye kudzidza nezvemamiriro ekunze. Kubva kumakore matete, ane hungwaru ecirrus anoratidza kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kusvika kumakore marefu, anokonzera dutu recumulonimbus, rudzi rumwe nerumwe runoita basa rakasiyana mumhepo yedu. Nekucherechedza nekududzira zviratidzo izvi zvechisikigo, vanoongorora mamiriro ekunze vanogona kupa kufanotaura panguva yakakodzera, kunyevera nezvemamiriro ekunze akaoma, uye kubatsira pakunzwisisa kwedu kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze ePasi. Kunyangwe uri nyanzvi yekutarisa mamiriro ekunze kana kuti munhu anotarisa makore asingawanzoitiki, kunzwisisa kuomarara uye runako rwemakore kunowedzera kudzika kwekudyidzana kwedu nenyika yechisikigo.
