Hukama huripo pakati peJografi neNhoroondo yeRudzi
Ruvara rwakaoma rwetsika dzevanhu rwakabatana zvikuru nejogirafi. Kubva pakumuka kweumambo hwekare kusvika pakubuda kwemarudzi emazuva ano, jogirafi yave iri simba guru mukuumba nharaunda, tsika, uye nzanga. Nekuongorora hukama huripo pakati pejogirafi nenhoroondo, tinogona kuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekuti nharaunda yechisikigo inopesvedzera sei nzira yekukura kwevanhu. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora hukama hwakadzama huripo pakati pejogirafi nenhoroondo yetsika, tichiongorora mienzaniso mikuru kubva munguva dzakasiyana nenzvimbo.
Nzvimbo yeRudzi rweMagariro: Mapata eRwizi neKumukira kwezvekurima
Imwe yemienzaniso yakajeka yekuchinja kwakaita geography munhoroondo yevanhu inoonekwa mukutanga kwekurima uye kumuka kwetsika dzekare mumipata yerwizi. Nzvimbo yakaorera yeMesopotamia, inowanzonzi "nzvimbo yetsika dzetsika," yakabuda pakati penzizi dzeTigris neYufratesi. Saizvozvowo, tsika dzekare dzevaIjipita dzakabudirira pamwe chete neRwizi rweNire, tsika dzevaIndus Valley pamwe chete neRwizi rweIndus, pamwe nehumambo hwaShang pamwe chete neRwizi rweYellow muChina.
Mipata iyi yenzizi yakapa musanganiswa wakasiyana wevhu rakaorera, mvura yakawanda, uye mamiriro ekunze akanaka ekurima. Mafashamo aifanotaurwa akazadza zvinovaka muviri muvhu, izvo zvakaita kuti pave nekugadzirwa kwechikafu chakawanda. Kuwanda kwezvirimwa uku kwakakurudzira kukura kwevanhu, kukura kwemaguta, uye kukura kwezvirongwa zvemagariro evanhu zvakaoma, kusanganisira hurumende dziri pakati, magariro evanhu, uye magadzirirwo makuru.
Nzira dzekutengeserana uye Kuchinjana Kwetsika
Nzvimbo yezvemagariro evanhu yakaitawo basa guru mukuita kuti kutengeserana nekuchinjana tsika zvive nyore. Mugwagwa weSilk, network yenzira dzekutengeserana dzinobatanidza Mabvazuva neMadokero, muenzaniso wakakosha. Nzvimbo iyi yekare yekutengeserana yaipfuura nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzinosanganisira magwenga, makomo, uye steppes, ichibatanidza China, Central Asia, Persia, neMediterranean.
Vatengesi, vafambi, nevafambi venzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pavaifamba nenzira idzi, vaichinjana kwete zvinhu zvakaita sesiriki, zvinonhuwira, nesimbi dzinokosha chete asiwo mazano, matekinoroji, netsika. Kupararira kwezvitendero zvakaita sechiBuddha, chiKristu, neIslam munzira idzi kunoratidza kuti geography yakabatsira sei kuchinjana kwepfungwa nemweya, zvichiumba nzvimbo dzetsika nechitendero munzvimbo dzakakura.
Zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo uye Kuumbwa kweMatunhu
Zvinhu zvakaita semakomo, magwenga, nemakungwa zvinowanzo shanda sezvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo, zvichipesvedzera kuumbwa kwenyika neumambo. Semuenzaniso, makomo eHimalaya akashanda sechipingamupinyi chikuru pakati peIndian subcontinent neTibetan Plateau. Kupatsanurwa uku kwechisikigo kwakabatsira mukuvandudzwa kwetsika nezvematongerwo enyika munzvimbo idzi.
Saizvozvowo, maguta eGreece (poleis) akadai seAthens, Sparta, neCorinth akanga akaparadzaniswa nenzvimbo nekuda kwenzvimbo dzine makomo. Kupatsanurwa uku kwenzvimbo kwakaita kuti pave nemaguta akazvimirira uye aiwanzokwikwidzana, rimwe nerimwe riine hurongwa hwaro hwezvematongerwo enyika, tsika, uye tsika dzenzanga. Gungwa reAegean rakabatsirawo kutengeserana kwegungwa nekutorwa kwenzvimbo, zvichiwedzera kusiyanisa uye kuva nesimba kwetsika dzekare dzechiGiriki.
Maitiro Emamiriro Ekunze uye Kutama
Mamiriro ekunze ave ari simba guru mukuumba nhoroondo yevanhu, achipesvedzera maitiro ekutama uye kuenderera mberi kwetsika. Kutama kwevanhu vekare veHomo sapiens vachibuda muAfrica makore angangoita 70,000 apfuura, zvichikonzerwa nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, kwakaisa hwaro hwekupararira kwevanhu pasi rose.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Little Ice Age (inenge 1300-1850 AD) yakakanganisa zvikuru nhoroondo yeEurope. Kutonhora kwemamiriro ekunze kwakakanganisa kurima, zvikaita kuti pave nekushaikwa kwechikafu, mhuri, uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu. Saizvozvowo, Dust Bowl yemakore ekuma1930 muUnited States, yakakonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya uye tsika dzisina kunaka dzekurima, yakakonzera kutama kwevanhu vakawanda kubva kuGreat Plains kuenda kuWest Coast, zvichichinja huwandu hwevanhu vemuAmerica nehupfumi.
Magariro eMaritime uye Kutonga kweNavy
Munhoroondo yese, nzvimbo dzegungwa dzakakonzera kuti pave netsika dzegungwa dzine simba. Gungwa reMediterranean, raizivikanwa se "Mare Nostrum" nevaRoma, raive nzvimbo yakakosha yekumuka nekudonha kwetsika dzekare dzakadai sevaFenikiya, vaGiriki, vaCarthagini, nevaRoma. Kudzora gungwa kwakaita kuti tsika idzi dziwedzere nzvimbo dzadzo, dziite kuti kutengeserana kuve nyore, uye dziise simba radzo retsika nezvematongerwo enyika kure kure nemahombekombe avo.
Saizvozvowo, Nguva yeKutsvaga mumazana emakore e15 ne16 yaitsanangurwa nerwendo rwevafambisi vengarava vekuEurope vakaita saChristopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, naFerdinand Magellan. Kutsvaga nzira itsva dzekutengeserana uye chishuwo chekuwedzera nzvimbo kwakaita kuti pave neNyika Itsva uye pave neumambo hwakakura hwemakoloni. Kutsvaga nekukunda uku kwegungwa kwakakanganisa kutengeserana kwenyika dzese, vagari vemuno, uye kupararira kwetsika netekinoroji yeEurope.
Urbanization uye Industrialization
Nzvimbo yemaguta nenzvimbo dzemaindasitiri yakakanganiswa zvikuru nenzvimbo. Chimurenga cheMaindasitiri, chakatanga mukupera kwezana remakore rechi18, chakaumbwa zvakanyanya nenzvimbo yeBritain. Matura akawanda emarasha, nzizi dzinofambiswa nengarava, uye network yakakura yemigero zvakaita kuti maindasitiri akure uye maguta awedzere kukura. Maguta akadai seManchester neBirmingham akava nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri nekuda kwekuva pedyo nezvinhu zvekushandisa uye mukana wekuwana zvivakwa zvekufambisa.
Uyezve, zvinhu zvakaita sezviteshi zvechisikigo zvakakonzera kukwira kwemaguta makuru ezviteshi. Semuenzaniso, Guta reNew York rakabuda senzvimbo yakakosha yekutengeserana nekuda kwenzvimbo yaro yakanaka pamhenderekedzo yeAtlantic uye chiteshi charo chechisikigo chakadzama, zvichiita kuti kutengeserana nekutama zvive nyore.
Mhedziso: Kupesvedzera Kunoramba Kuchienderera Mberi kweJografi Pakubudirira
Hukama huripo pakati penzvimbo nenzvimbo dzemagariro evanhu hunoratidza simba guru renzvimbo dzechisikigo pamagariro evanhu. Kubva mumipata yerwizi yakaorera yetsika dzekare kusvika kunzira dzekutengeserana dzakarongeka uye zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo zvinoumba masangano ezvematongerwo enyika, nzvimbo dzemagariro evanhu dzave dziri chinhu chakakosha mukumuka nekudonha kweumambo, kupararira kwetsika, uye kukura kwehurongwa hwehupfumi.
Kunzwisisa hukama uhwu hakungowedzere kunzwisisa kwedu zviitiko zvenhoroondo chete asiwo kunotipa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika emazuva ano uye matambudziko emangwana. Sezvatinofamba nematambudziko emuzana remakore rechi21, kubatana kwenzvimbo nekukura kwevanhu kuchiri kukosha sekare, zvichisimbisa nhaka inogara iripo yenyika yechisikigo mukuumba nzira yenhoroondo yevanhu.
