Mhando dzevhu uye hunhu hwadzo muJografi
Ivhu ndiyo nzvimbo yechisikigo yekukura kwezvirimwa uye chinhu chakakosha chezvakatipoteredza zvePasi. Rinoumba hwaro hwekurima nemasango uye rinokanganisa kutenderera kwemvura, mamiriro ekunze, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana. Geography inosanganisira kudzidza marudzi akasiyana evhu nehunhu hwaro hwemukati, izvo zvinogona kusiyana zvakanyanya zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, zvinhu zvinobva kwavari, zvinhu zvakasikwa, topography, uye nguva. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa chekuongorora mhando huru dzevhu uye hunhu hwadzo hunosiyanisa.
1. Ivhu reJecha
Ivhu rejecha, rinowanzonzi ivhu rakareruka, rine ganda rakakora nekuda kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwejecha, kazhinji hunopfuura 60%. Rudzi urwu rwevhu runozivikanwa nehukuru hwaro hwezvimedu zvakakura, izvo zvinoita kuti mvura ibude nekukurumidza uye mvura isanyanya kuchengetwa.
Characteristics:
– Magadzirirwo: Yakasviba uye yakakora.
– Kudhonza mvura: Zvakanaka kwazvo, izvo zvinodzivirira kuzara kwemvura asi zvinogona kukonzera kubuda kwezvinovaka muviri.
– Zviri Mukati: Kazhinji hazvina zvakawanda nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura nekukurumidza.
– Kufefetera: Kwakanaka, kunotsigira mamwe marudzi emidzi yemiti.
– Water Holding Capacity: Poor, leading to the need for frequent watering in agricultural settings.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Ivhu rejecha rakanakira zvirimwa zvinoda mvura yakachena, zvakaita semakarotsi nembatatisi. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvakagadziriswa organic zvinowanzowedzerwa kuti zviwedzere kudya kwaro.
2. Clay Soil
Ivhu revhu, rinozivikanwa netunhu twaro tudiki, tunonamira kana twanyorova uye twakaoma kana twaoma. Ivhu iri rinochengeta mvura zvakanaka asi harina mhepo inotenderera zvakanaka.
Characteristics:
– Magadzirirwo: Yakanaka uye yakatsetseka kana yakanyorova, yakaoma uye ine madota kana yakaoma.
– Drainage: Poor, causing issues with waterlogging.
– Zviri Mukati: Zvakawanda, sezvo zvichigona kubata zvinovaka muviri zvakasimba.
– Kufefetera: Kusashanda zvakanaka, zvichikonzera matambudziko emidzi mumiti.
– Kugona Kuchengeta Mvura: Yakanaka kwazvo, kunyange zvazvo ichigona kuomeswa.
Common Use: Clay soil is suitable for crops like rice and sugarcane that require substantial water. It particularly benefits from proper management practices like adding organic matter or sand to improve aeration and drainage.
3. Ivhu rine matope
Ivhu rine matope rine zvidimbu zvepakati nepakati uye rinoita sesipo kana richibatwa. Rinochengeta zvinovaka muviri zviri nani pane ivhu rejecha asi harina mvura yakawanda kana tichienzanisa nevhu rejecha.
Characteristics:
– Texture: Smooth and floury when dry, slippery when wet.
– Drainage: Moderate, better than clay but not as good as sandy soils.
– Zviri Mukati: Zvakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri zvisingabvisi mvura.
– Kufefetera: Kwakanaka.
– Kugona Kuchengeta Mvura: Yakanaka, inochengetedza mvura kwenguva yakareba kupfuura ivhu rejecha asi inodonha mvura nekukurumidza kupfuura ivhu.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Ivhu rine matope rakanyatsokodzera kushandiswa kwakasiyana-siyana kwekurima, uye rakaorera uye rakakodzera zvirimwa zvakaita segorosi, soya, nemiriwo yakawanda.
4. Ivhu rePeaty
Ivhu rine peaty rakapfuma mune organic matter uye rinowanzo umbwa munzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda, senge mumadhaka nemachakwi. Rine ruvara rwakasviba uye rinogona kunge rakapfava.
Characteristics:
– Magadzirirwo: Akapfava, akapfava, uye akanyorova.
– Drainage: Initially poor, but can be improved with proper cultivation techniques.
– Nutrient Content: Usually rich but can be acidic, affecting the availability of certain nutrients.
– Kufefetera: Kwakaenzana kusvika kwakashata, zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwekuora kwezvinhu zvipenyu.
– Kukwanisa Kuchengeta Mvura: Yakakwira, inokurumidza kuchengetwa nemvura.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Ivhu rine mhango rinowanzo bviswa mvura uye rinogadziriswa kuti rideredze acidity, zvichiita kuti rive rakanakira kushandiswa mubindu, kunyanya kumiti inoda acidity senge rhododendrons ne azaleas.
5. Loamy Soil
Ivhu rakaorera rinowanzoonekwa serinonyanya kuorera uye rakanakira zvirimwa zvakawanda. Ivhu rakaringana rine musanganiswa wejecha, silt, nevhu, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwehuto.
Characteristics:
- Magadzirirwo: Yakapwanyika uye iri nyore kushanda nayo.
– Kudhonza mvura: Zvakanaka, kwete nekukurumidza, asi hazvina kuzara nemvura.
– Zviri Mukati: Zvakawanda, zvine simba rakanaka rekuchengeta zvinovaka muviri.
– Kufefetera: Zvakanaka, zvinotsigira kukura kwemidzi zvakanaka.
– Water Holding Capacity: Balanced, with good retention and proper drainage.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Ivhu rine tsvina rakakwana kune mhando dzese dzezvirimwa, zvichiita kuti rive rinonyanya kufarirwa nemurimi pakurima chero chinhu kubva pamiriwo kusvika kumaruva kusvika kumakwenzi.
6. Ivhu rine chalky
Ivhu rine chalky rine calcium carbonate kana lime yakawanda. Rinowanzova alkaline uye rinogona kuonekwa nekuvapo kwemapundu machena anooneka echoko kana limestone.
Characteristics:
– Magadzirirwo: Anoshanduka-shanduka, anogona kusiyana kubva pavhu revhu kusvika kune jecha.
– Drainage: Good, usually free-draining.
– Zviri Mukati Memuviri: Kazhinji hazvina zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha zvakaita sesimbi nemanganese nekuda kwehuwandu hwepH.
– Kufefetera: Zvakanaka.
– Kugona Kuchengeta Mvura: Pakati nepakati kusvika pasi, zvichienderana nerudzi rwacho.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Yakakodzera kurima zvirimwa zvinogona kushivirira mamiriro ealkaline, akadai semakabheji nebeet. Varimi vangangoda kuwedzera organic matter nefetereza kuti vatsive kushomeka kwezvinovaka muviri.
7. Ivhu reSaline
Ivhu rine munyu wakawanda, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwezvirimwa. Ivhu iri rinowanikwa munzvimbo dzakaoma uye dzisina mvura yakawanda uko huwandu hwemvura inobuda muvhu hwakakwira.
Characteristics:
– Magadzirirwo: Anochinja-chinja asi kazhinji ane jecha kana kuti ivhu.
– Drainage: Good in sandy saline soils, poor in clayey saline soils.
– Zviri Muviri: Zvinochinja-chinja, asi munyu wakawanda zvinogona kukonzera kusatora zvinovaka muviri zvakanaka nezvirimwa.
– Kufefetera: Kazhinji kwakaringana, asi kunogona kusashanda zvakanaka kana ivhu rayo rakaita sevhu.
– Water Holding Capacity: Depends on the texture.
Mashandisirwo Akajairika: Ivhu rine munyu rinoda nzira dzakanyanya dzekutarisira dzakadai sekubviswa kwevhu kubva muvhu uye kushandiswa kwemhando dzemiti inokwanisa kushivirira munyu kuti zvikwanisike.
mhedziso
Kunzwisisa mhando dzakasiyana dzevhu uye hunhu hwadzo kwakakosha pakuita sarudzo dzine ruzivo mukurima nekutarisira ivhu. Hunhu hwevhu hunokanganisa kuwanikwa kwemvura, kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri, uye kukura kwezvirimwa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha kusarudza rudzi rwevhu rwakakodzera zvirimwa zvakasiyana uye mashandisirwo azvo. Kunyange hazvo hunhu hwevhu hwechisikigo hwakakosha, ivhu rakawanda rinogona kuvandudzwa nekurapwa nekutarisirwa kwakakodzera, zvichiwedzera kugona kwaro kutsigira kukura kwezvirimwa zvine hutano uye tsika dzekurima dzinogara kwenguva refu.
