Maitiro Ekuita KwemaSero Receptors
Masero emagetsi anoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana pakati pemasero uye kudzora maitiro akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu mumuviri. Masero aya anoshanda seanogamuchira zviratidzo kubva kunze kwesero—zvakadai semahormone, ma neurotransmitters, uye mamwe mamorekuru—uye anoshandura zviratidzo izvozvo kuita mhinduro dzemasero. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora mashandiro emasero emagetsi, mhando dzemareceptor, uye kuti anobatsira sei pakushanda kwemasero. kushanda zvemuviri uye zvezvirwere.
Mhando dzeMasero Receptors
Mareceptor emasero anogona kupatsanurwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yawo uye maitiro awo. Heano mamwe emhando huru dzemareceptor emasero:
1. MaReceptor ePlasma Membrane
Mareceptor aya ari pamusoro masero uye zvinosangana nema ligands (mamorekuru anosunga kuma receptors) asingakwanise kupinda mu membrane yesero. Kune mhando nhatu huru dzema plasma membrane receptors:
– Mapuroteni Akabatana neG (GPCRs): Mapuroteni aya anobatanidzwa mumabasa akawanda emuviri, kusanganisira kudzora BP nekurwadziwa. MaGPCR anomutsa nzira dzekutumira masaini mukati memasero kuburikidza nemapuroteni eG.
– Receptor Tyrosine Kinases: Izvi zvinosanganisira insulin uye growth factor receptors. Mareceptor aya anotanga kuendesa masaini kuburikidza ne phosphorylating tyrosine residues pavari kana kuti target proteins.
– MaIonotropic Receptors: Pamusoro pekunge ari mareceptor, aya anoshandawo semaion channels. Kana ligand yabatana, maion channel anovhurika, zvichiita kuti mamwe maion apinde kana kubuda musero.
2. Zvigamuchiri zvemukati memasero
MaReceptor akawanikwa mu muchitokisi, kazhinji mu cytoplasm kana nucleus. Mahormone eSteroid uye hormone ye thyroid kazhinji inosungana nerudzi urwu rwereceptor. Mushure mekusunga ligand, receptor-ligand complex inopinda munucleus uye inoshanda se transcription factor kudzora kutaurwa kwemajini.
Maitiro Ekuita eReceptor
Zvinotevera ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinoitwa nema cellular receptors:
1. Kusunga Ligand
Maitiro ese anotanga nekusungana kwe ligand kune receptor yayo. Kubatana kwe receptor kune ligand chaiyo ndiko kunosarudza kukura kwekusungana. Kusungana uku kunowanzoitika panzvimbo chaiyo inozivikanwa senzvimbo yekusungana.
2. Kuumbwa kweReceptor
Kusunga ligand kunowanzo kukonzera shanduko muchimiro chereceptor, izvo zvakakosha kune Kushanda kwereceptor. Kuchinja uku kunoita kuti chikamu chereceptor chishande, icho chinogona kutanga zviratidzo kana maitiro mukati memasero.
3. Kutapurirana kweChiratidzo
Kuendeswa kwechiratidzo kunoreva nhevedzano yematanho anoshandura masaini ekunze anogamuchirwa nereceptor kuita mhinduro dzemukati memasero. Mumareceptor eGPCR, semuenzaniso, ligand binding inomutsa mapuroteni eG, ayo anogona kumutsa kana kudzivirira maenzyme emukati memasero akadai seadenylate cyclase kana phospholipase C, ayo anobva agadzira nhume dzechipiri dzakadai se cAMP kana DAG uye IP3.
4. Kuwedzerwa kweChiratidzo
Kuwedzerwa kwechiratidzo ndiko kugona kwesystem yekuratidza zviratidzo kuwedzera kushanda kwechiratidzo chekutanga kuita mhinduro yakakura. Semuenzaniso, molekyuru imwe chete yehormone inogona kumutsa mapuroteni akawanda eG, ayo anogona kumutsa ma enzymes akawanda, zvichiwedzera huwandu hwevatumwa vechipiri.
5. Mhinduro dzeNharembozha
Pakupedzisira, kuendeswa kwechiratidzo kuchaita kuti pave nemhinduro chaiyo mukati mesero. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira shanduko mukutaura kwemajini, mashandiro emaenzyme, exocytosis, kana kufamba kwemaion. Semuenzaniso, insulin receptor, mushure mekusungana nehormone, ichaita kuti huwandu hweglucose transporters mu cell membrane huwedzere, zvichiwedzera kutora glucose kubva muropa.
Kupatsanurwa kweMhinduro Zvichibva paMaReceptors
Mhinduro dzemasero dzinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nerudzi nenzvimbo yereceptor, pamwe nerudzi rwesero rinobatanidzwa:
1. Mhinduro yeMetabolic
Maenzyme emetabolism ari mumasero anowanzo shandiswa kana kuvharwa nekuda kwezviratidzo zvinobva kuma cellular receptors. Semuenzaniso, hormone epinephrine inosunga kuma adrenergic receptors muchiropa kuti iwedzere glycogenolysis, ichishandura glycogen kuita glucose.
2. Mhinduro yeMajini
MaReceptor anoshanda sezvinhu zvinoshandura mafambiro emasero mumuviri, akadai sema steroid hormone receptors, anodzora kugadzirwa kwemajini munucleus. Anokanganisa maitiro akadai sekukura kwemasero, kusiyana, uye kugadzirwa kwemapuroteni.
3. Mhinduro yeMagetsi
Muma neuron, ma ionotropic receptors akadai se glutamate receptors anobvumira kupinda kwema ions akadai seNa+ kana Ca2+ ayo anochinja membrane potential, zvichigadzira chiratidzo chemagetsi kana action potential.
Kusashanda zvakanaka kweReceptor uye Chirwere
Kukanganisika kwebasa rema receptor emasero kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Semuenzaniso, kuramba insulin muchirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri kunosanganisira kusashanda zvakanaka kwema receptor e insulin. Kuchinja kwema GPCR, kana mapuroteni eG, kunogona kukonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana, kubva pakutadza kuona kusvika kuBP.
1. Kufutisa uye Chirwere cheshuga
Kukanganiswa munzira yechiratidzo insulin kana leptin inowanzobatanidzwa nekusakwanisa mahormone aya, zvichikonzera matambudziko emetabolism.
2. Gomarara
Kuchinja kwemareceptor etyrosine kinase kunowanzobatanidzwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ekenza. Mareceptor aya anogona kushanda, zvichikonzera kuwanda kwemasero kusingadzoreki.
3. Matambudziko Epfungwa
Kusashanda zvakanaka kwemasero etsinga dzeuropi kunosanganisira ma neurotransmitter receptors akadai se serotonin uye dopamine receptors kunowanzobatanidzwa nematambudziko akadai sekuora mwoyo, schizophrenia, uye kuzvidya mwoyo.
Kugadzirwa Kwemishonga
Masero emushonga ndiwo anonyanya kukosha mukugadzirwa kwemishonga. Mamorekuru anosangana nemareceptors anogona kushandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakawanda. MaAgonists (mamorekuru anobatsira mareceptor) uye maAntagonist (mamorekuru anodzivirira mareceptor) anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukurapa.
1. Beta Blocker
Zvinoshandiswa kurapa BP nechirwere chemwoyo, beta blockers imishonga inopesana nema beta-adrenergic receptor.
2. Mishonga yekuderedza kushushikana
Mishonga yakawanda yekuora mwoyo inoshanda nekuwedzera kuwanikwa kwema neurotransmitters pa synapses kana kuchinja mashandiro emamwe ma neurotransmitter receptors.
3. Kurapa Kwakanangwa
Mukurapa kwekenza, mishonga yakawanda yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira tyrosine kinase receptors inobatanidzwa mukukura kwemasero ekenza.
Mhedziso
Masero emagetsi ndiwo akakosha mukugamuchira nekutumira zviratidzo, achidzora mabasa akasiyana-siyana ehupenyu, kubva pakugadzirwa kwemasero kusvika pamhinduro dzemuviri uye kutumirwa kwetsinga. Kunzwisisa kwakadzama mashandiro emabasa emasero aya hakungobatsiri chete biology yepakutanga nemishonga asiwo kunovhura nzira yekuvandudzwa kwemishonga mitsva yezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana. Tsvagiridzo icharamba ichiratidza kuomarara kwemanetiweki aya ekutaurirana nemasero, ichipa ruzivo rwakakura uye rwakananga runogona kushandiswa muminda yakawanda, kusanganisira tsvakurudzo yekiriniki neyemishonga.
