# Musiyano uripo pakati peScalar neVector muFizikisi
Fizikisi ibazi resainzi rinoongorora zviitiko zvechisikigo uye hunhu hwezvinhu zvinoratidzwa nezvinhu zviri muchadenga. Mukati mefizikisi, mune pfungwa mbiri dzinokosha uye dzinoshandiswa kazhinji: ma scalars nema vectors. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa idzi mbiri dzingaita sedzakafanana pakutanga, dzine musiyano mukuru mutsananguro, hunhu, uye mashandisirwo. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama musiyano uripo pakati pema scalars nema vectors, pamwe chete nemienzaniso yekushandiswa kwavo uye kukosha kwavo mufizikisi.
### Tsananguro yeScalar neVector
Kuti tinzwisise musiyano uripo pakati pema scalars nema vectors, tinofanira kutanga taziva tsananguro yepfungwa yega yega.
Scalar ihuwandu hwemuviri hune hukuru chete, kana hukuru, pasina kufunga nezvekwakananga. Mienzaniso yehuwandu hwescalar inosanganisira huremu, nguva, tembiricha, simba, uye vhoriyamu. Semuenzaniso, kana tikati tembiricha muguta i30 degrees Celsius, tiri kungopa ruzivo nezve tembiricha iyoyo pasina divi rakananga.
Kusiyana neizvi, vhekita ihuwandu hwemuviri hune kukosha kana hukuru uye gwara. Mienzaniso yehuwandu hwevhekita inosanganisira kumhanya, kukurumidza, simba, uye kumhanya. Semuenzaniso, patinoti mota iri kufamba ne60 km/h tichienda kuchamhembe, tiri kupa ruzivo nezve kumhanya uye gwara rekufamba kwemotokari.
### Zvinyorwa uye Kumiririrwa
Kuti tisiyanise zvakajeka pakati pema "scalars" nema "vectors", nzira dzakasiyana dzekunyora uye nzira dzekumiririra dzinowanzo shandiswa:
1. Scalar: Kazhinji, huwandu hwescalar hunonyorwa nemabhii akajairwa, semuenzaniso, `m` yehukuru, `T` yekupisa, kana `t` yenguva.
2. Mavector: Huwandu hwemavector hunowanzo ratidzwa nemabhii matema kana nemiseve iri pamusoro pemabhii, semuenzaniso, `v` kana `\vec{v}` yekukurumidza, uye `F` kana `\vec{F}` yesimba.
Mumifananidzo kana kuti mifananidzo, mavector anomiririrwa semiseve, uko kureba kwemuseve kunomiririra hukuru hwawo uye divi remuseve richiratidza divi revector.
### Musiyano Mukuru Pakati peScalars neVectors
Kuti tinyatsojekesa, heano mimwe misiyano yakakosha pakati pema scalars nema vectors:
1. Hukuru kana Kutungamirirwa:
– Scalar: Ine hukuru chete (kukosha).
- Vekitori: Ine hukuru uye gwara.
2. Mashandiro eMasvomhu:
- Scalar: Mabasa ekutanga emasvomhu akadai sekuwedzera, kubvisa, kuwanza, uye kupatsanura anoshandiswa zvakananga kune huwandu hwe scalar.
– Mavector: Mashandiro emasvomhu pamavector anoda mitemo yakakosha. Mienzaniso yemabasa aya inosanganisira kuwedzera vector (kushandisa mutemo weparallelogram kana nzira yekuguma), kuwanda kwevector (dot product uye cross product).
3. Kuchinja:
- Scalar: Huwandu hweScalar hahuchinje nekutenderera kwehurongwa hwema "coordinate".
– Mavector: Mavector anoshanduka nekuchinja sisitimu ye coordinate (semuenzaniso, kuchinja kubva kuCartesian kuenda ku polar coordinate system).
### Mienzaniso muFizikisi
Mimwe mienzaniso ichajekesa musiyano uyu mumamiriro ekushandiswa kwefizikisi:
1. Kumhanya uye Kumhanya:
– Kumhanya: Huwandu hwe scalar hunotsanangura kuti chinhu chiri kufamba nekukurumidza sei pasina hanya nekwakananga (semuenzaniso 60 km/awa).
– Kumhanya: Huwandu hwevector hunosanganisira ruzivo rwekunongedzera (semuenzaniso 60 km/awa kuchamhembe).
2. Simba Nesimba:
– Simba: Huwandu hwe scalar hunoratidza kugona kwebasa (semuenzaniso, 100 Joules).
– Simba: Huwandu hwevector hunoshanda pachinhu uye hune gwara (semuenzaniso, simba remaNewton makumi mashanu richidzika).
3. Kukurumidzisa:
– Kukurumidza (acceleration) inhamba yevector inoratidza shanduko yevelocity panguva imwe neimwe munzira yakatarwa (semuenzaniso, kukurumidza kwe9.8 m/s² pasi kune chinhu chinowira zvakasununguka pamusoro pePasi).
### Zvishandiso zveHupenyu Hwechokwadi
Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tinoshandisa huwandu hwe scalar ne vector kunyangwe tisingazvizivi kazhinji.
- Kufamba: Paunenge uchishandisa mepu kana GPS, nzira (vector) uye daro (scalar) zvinoshandiswa kuona nzvimbo uye nzira yekufamba.
– Mitambo: Mumitambo yakaita senhabvu kana gorofu, simba rinoshandiswa pabhora rinotenderera. Kutungamira nesimba rekukandwa ndizvo zvinosarudza kuti bhora rinofamba sei.
– Hutano: Mukurapa, BP inoyerwa sehuwandu hwe scalar mu mmHg units.
### Mhedziso
MaScalar nemavector ipfungwa mbiri huru mufizikisi dzinotibatsira kunzwisisa nekutsanangura zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana zvechisikigo. MaScalar, sehuwandu hune hukuru chete, hunoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakawanda zvehupenyu hwezuva nezuva nesainzi. Mavector, nehukuru hwavo negwara, akaomarara asi akakosha pakutsanangura mafambiro ekufamba uye kudyidzana pakati pezvikamu zviri muchadenga.
Kudzidza nekunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pema scalars nema vectors idanho guru mukudzidza fizikisi. Kushandiswa kwehuwandu uhwu huviri kunobva pa classical mechanics kusvika kudzidziso ye relativity uye quantum mechanics. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita ma scalars nema vectors, tinogona kuongorora zviri nani nekufanotaura zviitiko zvechisikigo, zvichigonesa kukura kwetekinoroji yepamusoro neruzivo mune ramangwana.
