Nheyo yekushanda yeVariable Capacitor
Pendauluan
Mumagetsi, ma capacitor zvinhu zvakakosha zvinochengeta simba muchimiro chemunda wemagetsi. Variable capacitor, sezita rinoratidza, imhando ye capacitor ine capacitance inogona kusiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Nheyo yekushanda ye variable capacitor inonyanya kukosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo, kubva kuma radio tuners kusvika kumidziyo yekuyera inoda kunyatsojeka. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura nezvekushanda kwema variable capacitors, mhando dzawo, uye mashandisirwo awo. munyika yezvemagetsi.
Dzidziso huru Kukwanisa
Capacitor, chaizvoizvo, ine maconductor maviri akaparadzaniswa nechinhu chinodzivirira kupisa (dielectric). Capacitance kugona kwecapacitor kuchengetedza chaji yemagetsi, inoburitswa mumayuniti eFarads (F). Fomura ye capacitance inopiwa na:
\[ C = \frac{\epsilon A}{d} \]
di mana:
- C ndiyo capacitance,
– ε ndiko kubvumidzwa kwezvinhu zve dielectric pakati pema conductors,
– A inzvimbo yevatungamiriri vakatarisana,
– d ndiyo daro riri pakati pemadhairekita.
Ma capacitor anoshanduka anobvumira capacitance kuchinjwa nekuchinja ma parameter aya, kunyanya nzvimbo ye conductor inopindirana kana chinhambwe chiri pakati pe conductors.
Mhando dzeVariable Capacitors
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzema capacitor anoshanduka anoshandiswa mukuita, akadai se:
1. Muchina weRotary Variable Capacitor:
Rudzi urwu runochinja capacitance nekutenderedza ma conductor plates, izvo zvinoshandura nzvimbo yekubatana kwema conductors. Anowanzo shandiswa muma radio tuners.
2. Muchina weKucheka:
Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuenzanisa dunhu. Kuchinja kwesimba remagetsi kunoitwa nekutenderedza sikuruu inochinja daro riri pakati pemapureti emuchina wekufambisa magetsi.
3. Dielectric Variable Capacitor:
Kuchinja capacitance nekuisa kana kubvisa zvinhu zve dielectric pakati pemaplate ekufambisa.
Nheyo yekushanda yeVariable Capacitor
Chaizvoizvo, variable capacitor inoshanda nekushandura capacitance value yayo kuburikidza ne mechanical kana electrical adjustment. Ngatitarisei zvakanyanya kuti mhando yega yega ye variable capacitor inoshanda sei:
Muchina weRotary Variable Capacitor
Capacitor iyi ine seti yemaplate anogona kutenderedzwa kuti achinje nzvimbo inopindirana. Kana maplate anofamba achitenderedzwa, nzvimbo inopindirana pakati pemaplate akagadzika neanofamba inochinja, izvo zvinoshandura kukosha kwe capacitance.
Masvomhu:
\[ C \propto A \]
Kana nzvimbo inopindirana (A) ikachinja, capacitance (C) inochinjawo. Ndosaka ma rotary variable capacitors aya akakodzera kushandiswa senge radio tuners, kwatinofanira kugadzirisa frequency ye resonant yedunhu.
Muchina weKucheka
Capacitor yekucheka ine sikuruu inotenderera inochinja daro riri pakati pemaplate. Nekutenderedza sikuruu, tinogona kufambisa maplate pedyo kana kure, tichichinja daro (d) uye, nekudaro, capacitance (C).
Masvomhu:
\[ C \propto \frac{1}{d} \]
Sezvo capacitance ichienzaniswa nedaro riri pakati pemaplate, kugadzirisa sikuruu kuti ichinje (d) kuchakanganisa zvakananga capacitance.
Dielectric Variable Capacitor
Kuchinja zvinhu zve dielectric pakati pema conduction plates ndeimwe nzira yekuchinja capacitance. Nekuchinja zvinhu zve dielectric, zvine permittivity (ε), tinogona kuchinja capacitance (C).
Masvomhu:
\[ C \propto \epsilon \]
Zvinhu zvakasiyana zve dielectric zvine permittivity yakasiyana, saka nekuchinja zvinhu zve dielectric, tinogona kugadzirisa capacitance value.
Mashandisirwo eCapacitor Anoshanduka
Variable capacitors ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana munyika yemagetsi, mamwe acho ndeaya:
1. Muchina weRedhiyo:
Kushandiswa kwayo mu radio tuner inobatsira kugadzirisa frequency LC circuit resonance, zvichibvumira mushandisi kusarudza chiteshi cheredhiyo chaanoda.
2. MaOscillator uye MaFrequency Generators:
Mumacircuits e oscillator, ma capacitor anoshanduka anoshandiswa kugadzirisa frequency ye oscillation nemazvo.
3. Kuenzanisa uye Kuyera:
Ma capacitor anoshanduka-shanduka akadai se trimmer capacitors anowanzo shandiswa mu calibration uye measurement circuits kuti ave nechokwadi chekuti akagadzirwa nemazvo uye anofanirwa kugadziriswa.
4. Kugadzirisa MaAntena:
Muhurongwa hwekutaurirana Ma capacitor asina waya, anoshanduka-shanduka anoshandiswa kushandura hunhu hwechiratidzo nekugadzirisa antenna resonance.
Maitiro ePembuatan
Maitiro ekugadzira ma "variable capacitors" anoda kunyatsorongeka uye kudzorwa kwakasimba kwemhando. Kazhinji, "conductor" inogadzirwa nezvinhu zvinofambisa simba zvakanyanya zvakaita searuminiyamu kana mhangura. Zvinhu zvinofambisa simba zvinosarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa. Zvinhu zvakajairika zvinosanganisira ceramics, plastic films, uye mica.
Aya ndiwo matanho akajairika mukugadzira variable capacitor:
1. Kucheka uye Kuumba:
Maplate emuchina anochekwa uye anoumbwa zvichienderana nedhizaini yaunoda. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuumbwa kwemaplate akasimba uye anotakurika muma capacitor anotenderera.
2. Kuiswa kweDielectric:
Chinhu che dielectric chinoiswa pakati pema conductor plates. Mamiriro ekunze akadai sehunyoro netembiricha anodzorwa zvakasimba kudzivirira kusvibiswa.
3. Kuungana:
Zvikamu zvese zve capacitor zvinounganidzwa kuita unit imwe chete. Kune ma rotary variable capacitors, ndiro inofambiswa inoiswa pa rotatable shaft.
4. Kuedzwa:
Ma capacitor apera anoedzwa kuti aone kukosha kwawo kwe capacitance uye kugadzikana. Kuedza uku kwakakosha kuve nechokwadi chekuti capacitor iri kushanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa.
Zvakanakira nezvayakaipira
Kufanana nechimwe chinhu chipi zvacho, ma capacitor anoshanduka ane zvakanakira uye zvakashata.
Keuntungan:
1. Kuchinjika:
Ma capacitor anoshanduka-shanduka anopa kushanduka kwakanyanya mukugadzika kwedunhu, kunyanya muchikumbiro sekugadziriswa.
2. Kunyatsorongeka:
Vanobvumira kugadziriswa kwakakosha kwe capacitance. muchikumbiro izvo zvinoda kunyatsorongeka kwakanyanya.
Kurasikirwa:
1. Kuomarara kweMichina:
Maumbirwo akaomarara emakanika anogona kuita kuti ma capacitor anoshanduka-shanduka akuvadzwe kana asina kuchengetwa zvakanaka.
2. Mutengo:
Ma capacitor anoshanduka-shanduka anowanzo kudhura kupfuura ma capacitor akagadziriswa nekuda kwekuoma kwekugadzirwa kwawo.
Mhedziso
Variable capacitors zvinhu zvakakosha mumhando dzakasiyana dzemashandisirwo emagetsi. Nheyo yekushanda kwemavariable capacitors—nekuchinja nzvimbo inopindirana, nzvimbo yekufambisa, kana zvinhu zve dielectric—inobvumira kugadziriswa kwe capacitance sezvinodiwa. Anoita basa guru mukugadzirisa, kuyera, uye mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana ekutaurirana. Kunyange zvazvo aine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi, zvakanakira zvaanopa zvinopfuura kukosha kwazvo, zvichiita kuti zvive sarudzo inokosha. chinhu chisingatsiviwi mumasisitimu akawanda emagetsi zazvino.
