Kugadzira Simba reMafungu muSimba Rinodzokororwa
Simba rinodzokororwa chinhu chakakosha pakugadzirisa matambudziko ekushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze, kuwedzera kwekuda kwemagetsi, uye kushomeka kwezviwanikwa zvemafuta ekare. Hurukuro pamusoro pesimba rinodzokororwa dzinowanzo tarisa pasimba rezuva, mhepo, mvura, uye geothermal. Zvisinei, rimwe sosi yesimba rine mukana mukuru, kunyanya kune nyika ine makomo akaita seIndonesia: simba remafungu egungwa. Zvivakwa zveMafungu eMasimba (PLTGL) zvinoshandisa kufamba kwemafungu egungwa kuashandura kuita simba remagetsi rekushandiswa neveruzhinji nemaindasitiri. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura pfungwa, tekinoroji, mabhenefiti, matambudziko, uye tarisiro yePLTGL munzvimbo yesimba rinodzokororwa.
Simba reMafungu eGungwa Rinogona Kuwanikwa
Mafungu egungwa anoumbwa nekutamiswa kwesimba kubva kumhepo kuenda pamusoro pegungwa. Mhepo ikasimba uye nguva yayo yakareba, simba remafungu rinogadzirwawo. Simba remafungu rine zvakanakira kupfuura mamwe masosi anogona kushandiswazve nekuda kwekuti rakagadzikana uye rinofanotaurwa kupfuura mhepo kana chiedza chezuva chero nguva. Munzvimbo zhinji dzegungwa negungwa rakavhurika, mafungu anogona kuvapo gore rese nesimba rakawanda.
Indonesia, ine mahombekombe ayo makuru uye iri pakati peGungwa reIndia nePacific, ine mukana wakakura wesimba remafungu. Matunhu ekumaodzanyemba eJava, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, uye zvikamu zveMaluku nePapua anozivikanwa nemafungu akasimba, kunyanya munguva dzemhepo dzakati wandei. Kana ikashandiswa nemazvo, simba remafungu rinogona kutsigira kuiswa kwemagetsi munzvimbo dzemahombekombe nezvitsuwa zvidiki zvinoshandisa dhiziri pari zvino.
Mashandiro anoita Zvimiti zveMafungu
Nheyo huru yechiteshi chemagetsi chinoshandisa gasi (PLTGL) ndeyekushandura simba remagetsi remafungu kuita simba remagetsi. Mafungu anogadzira mafambiro ekudzokera shure, kumusoro-uye-pasi, kana shanduko mukumanikidzwa kwemvura. Kufamba uku kunozobatanidzwa kufambisa masisitimu emagetsi akadai sematurbine, mapiston, kana majenareta akatsetseka. Magetsi anobva aendeswa kune sisitimu yekushandura simba, ogadzikamiswa, uye obva agoverwa kune grid yemagetsi iri kumahombekombe kana kushandiswa munharaunda.
Kazhinji, sisitimu yemagetsi inofambiswa negasi (PLTGL) ine zvikamu zvikuru zvakati wandei: sisitimu yekubata simba (converter), sisitimu yekutumira inoshandura kufamba kuita kutenderera/simba, jenareta, uye michina yekutonhodza simba, pamwe chete netambo dzepasi pemvura dzinoendesa magetsi kunyika. Kushanda kwesisitimu yemagetsi kunoenderana zvikuru nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo, mamiriro emafungu, kudzika kwemvura, uye nzira dzekushanda nekugadzirisa.
Mhando dzeTekinoroji yePLTGL
Tekinoroji yemafungu egungwa iri kukura nekukurumidza uye ine misiyano yakawanda. Mamwe emhando dzinozivikanwa zvikuru anosanganisira:
1. Chinonyorovesa Mapoinzi
Chishandiso ichi chinowanzo tora chimiro che float inofamba ichikwira nekudzika ichitevera mafungu. Kufamba kwakatwasuka kwe float kunoshandurwa kuita magetsi kuburikidza nejenareta kana sisitimu yemagetsi Hydraulic. Chakanakira ndechekuti yakagadzirwa ne "modular" uye kuti inogona kuiswa muhuwandu hwakawanda se "wave farm".
2. Koramu yeMvura Inotenderera (OWC)
Tekinoroji yeOWC inoshandisa denderedzwa remhepo mukamuri rakabatana negungwa. Mafungu paanopinda, huwandu hwemvura hunokwira, huchidzvanya mhepo uye huchiimanikidza kupinda neturbine. Mafungu paanodzika, mhepo inodzokera mukati nepakati peturbine. Maturbine anoshandiswa anowanzo kuve maturbines akasarudzika (semuenzaniso, maWells turbines) anogona kutenderera nemativi maviri.
3. Chinodzikisa
Ichi chishandiso chakareba chinoiswa parutivi rwenzira yemafungu. Mafungu anoita kuti chishandiso chitenderere pane mamwe majoini, uye kufamba kwacho kunoshandurwa kuita simba kuburikidza nehurongwa hwemahydraulic nejenareta. Pfungwa iyi yakakodzera mafungu egungwa akazaruka ane simba guru.
4. Mudziyo Unopfuudza Zvinhu Zvikuru
Sisitimu iyi inoshandisa mafungu "kudururira" mvura mudziva repamusoro, zvakafanana nepfungwa yedhamu diki. Mvura inounganidzwa inodzoserwa kuburikidza ne hydro turbine kuti igadzire magetsi. Chakanakira ndechekuti mvura inobuda zvakanaka nekuda kwedziva, asi inoda chivakwa chakakura.
Tekinoroji yega yega ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira. Sarudzo yemidziyo inofanirwa kugadziriswa zvichienderana nehunhu hwemafungu emunzvimbo, zvinodiwa nemagetsi, kudzika kwegungwa uye magadzirirwo aro, pamwe nemari yekuvaka.
Mabhenefiti eMagetsi Anoshandisa Gasi muKuchinja Kwesimba
Zvivakwa zvinoshandisa gasi (PLTGL) zvine mabhenefiti akawanda. Chekutanga, isimba rakachena uye hazviburitse kabhoni panguva yekushanda. Chechipiri, simba remafungu rine mukana wekuwedzera simba rezuva nemhepo rinogara richichinja-chinja. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mafungu anogona kugara akaenzana husiku kana panguva yemamiriro ekunze ane makore, zvichibatsira kudzikamisa simba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Chechitatu, mafekitori emagetsi anoshandisa gasi (PLTGL) anogona kutsigira kuzvimiririra kwesimba remagetsi kuzvitsuwa zvidiki. Zvitsuwa zvakawanda zviri kure zvichiri kuvimba nemajenareta edhiziri anodhura uye anosvibisa, ayo anoda mafuta asina kugadzikana. NePLTGL, magetsi anogona kugadzirwa pedyo nekushandiswa. Chechina, kuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yemafekitori emagetsi anoshandisa gasi kunovhurawo mikana yekutsvaga, hunyanzvi hweinjiniya yegungwa, uye mabasa matsva mukuvaka, mashandiro, nekugadzirisa.
Matambudziko uye Zvipingamupinyi paKubudirira
Pasinei nevimbiso yacho, mafekitori emagetsi anoshandisa gasi (PLTGL) anotarisana nematambudziko makuru. Chimwe chacho inyaya yemitengo yekudyara yakakura. Nzvimbo yegungwa inoparadza, inoshanduka-shanduka, uye yakanyanya kuipa. Midziyo inofanira kutsungirira madutu, mafungu makuru, uye biofouling (kusungirirwa kwezvisikwa zvemugungwa), izvo zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro azvo. Uyezve, mashandiro ekunze nekuchengetedza zvinhu zvakaoma uye zvinodhura kupfuura mafekitori emagetsi ari kunze kwenyika.
Rimwe dambudziko nderekubatanidzwa mugrid yemagetsi. Nzvimbo zhinji dzine mafungu akasimba dziri kure nenzvimbo dzinotakura zvinhu uye dzinogona kunge dzisina network yakakwana. Tambo dzepasi pegungwa, nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa pakufambisa zvinhu, uye masisitimu ekutonga magetsi akavimbika anodiwa. Kubva pamaonero emutemo, kuvandudzwa kwenzvimbo dzegungwa nedzegungwa kunodawo kurongeka kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira izvo zvinosanganisira kubata hove, kutakura zvinhu, kuchengetedza, uye kuronga nzvimbo dzegungwa.
Kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kunofanirwa kufungwa zvakadzama. Kunyange zvazvo zvakachena kupfuura mafuta ekare, magwenya emagetsi anoshandiswa negasi (PLTGL) anogona kukanganisa nzvimbo dzegungwa, maitiro enzvimbo yekudonha kwemvura, kana nzira dzekutama kwezvimwe zvipenyu. Nokudaro, zvidzidzo zvekuongorora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza (EIA), kutarisa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye dhizaini isina njodzi kune zvakatipoteredza zvakakosha pakuitwa.
Tarisiro dzeMafekitori Emagetsi Anoshandisa Gasi muIndonesia
Indonesia ine zviwanikwa zvakakosha zvekugadzira mafekitori emagetsi anoshandisa gasi (PLTGL): mahombekombe marefu, nzvimbo dzakawanda dzine mafungu akakwana, uye kudiwa kuri kukura kwemagetsi nesimba rakachena. Kubudirira kunogona kutanga kuburikidza nemapurojekiti madiki kusvika pakati nepakati munzvimbo dzakakosha, dzakadai semahombekombe ekumaodzanyemba kweJava kana zvitsuwa zvidiki zvichiri kushandisa dhiziri. Nzira iyi inobatsira kuyedza kuvimbika kwetekinoroji, kusimbisa mitemo yekuchengetedza, uye kuvaka kugona kwevanhu vemunharaunda.
Kushandira pamwe pakati pehurumende, mayunivhesiti, masangano ekutsvagisa, uye maindasitiri kwakakosha. Hurumende inoita basa rekupa mitemo yakajeka, zvirongwa zvekukurudzira, uye rutsigiro rwekutanga rwemari. Masangano edzidzo neanotsvagisa anogona kugadzira magadzirirwo anoenderana nehunhu hwemvura yeIndonesia, kusanganisira zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura uye masisitimu akachengeteka ekunamatira. Maindasitiri anogona kukurumidzisa kugadzirwa, kuiswa, uye kutengeserana.
Mune ramangwana, PLTGL inogonawo kubatanidzwa nedzimwe nzvimbo dzemagetsi, dzakadai sezuva nemabhatiri, zvichigadzira sisitimu yehybrid kuwedzera kuvimbika kwemagetsi. Uyezve, magetsi emafungu anogona kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvinoshandiswa zvakaita sekubvisa munyu mumvura yegungwa, kugadzira hydrogen yakasvibirira, kana kutsigira zviteshi zvengarava nenzvimbo dzemahombekombe.
Mhedziso
Kugadzira simba remafungu inzira inokwezva zvikuru yesimba rinogona kuvandudzwa, kunyanya kunyika dzemugungwa. Nekushandisa simba rakawanda remafungu, zvirimwa zvinoshandisa mafungu (PLTGL) zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza kuvimba nemafuta epasi, kuderedza kusvibiswa kwemhepo, uye kusimbisa kuzvimiririra kwesimba munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe nepazvitsuwa zviri kure. Zvisinei, kuvandudzwa kwavo kunoda mari yakawanda, tekinoroji inodzivirira gungwa, mitemo inotsigira, uye kuongororwa kwakazara kwezvakatipoteredza. Kana zvikashandiswa nenzira yekudyidzana, zvirimwa zvinoshandisa mafungu zvine mukana wekuva chikamu chakakosha cheramangwana resimba rakachena reIndonesia.
