Mhedzisiro yeUkoloni paMamiriro Emagariro Evanhu neTsika
Kutonga kwevagari vemo—nguva yakaoma uye ine mativi akawanda munhoroondo yepasi rose—kwasiya chiratidzo chisingakanganwiki pamagariro evanhu netsika dzavo pasi rose. Chiitiko ichi chenhoroondo, chinoratidzirwa nekudzvinyirirwa nekushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwenzvimbo nemasimba ekune dzimwe nyika, chakaunza shanduko huru kunzvimbo dzakatorerwa, zvichikonzera migumisiro inogara kwenguva refu inoshanda kunyange nanhasi. Kubva pakuchinja mararamiro emuno kusvika pakuvakazve hutongi hwemagariro evanhu, mhedzisiro yekutonga kwevagari vemo yakabatana zvakanyanya netsika dzemarudzi mazhinji.
Kugadzirisa Maitiro Emagariro Evanhu
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakakonzera kuumbwa kwehutongi hwenyika kwaive kugadziriswa kwehutongi hwenyika munharaunda dzaitongwa nekoloni. Vapanduki vaiwanzogadzira masisitimu aizvimisa padanho repamusoro pehurongwa hutsva uhwu hwenyika, vachideredza vanhu veko kune matunhu akaderera. Munzvimbo dzakadai seAfrica, Asia, neAmerica, vatungamiriri vetsika nemasangano enharaunda vaisarudzwa kana kushaikwa simba, zvichipa nzira yesimba idzva raibatsira vapanduki. Kugadziriswa uku kwaiwanzoita kuti zviremera zveko zvisatariswe uye kuunzwa kwehurongwa hwehurumende dzekunze.
Semuenzaniso, muIndia, hurumende yeBritain yakatonga nyika yakaunza nzira dzekuwana mari yevhu dzakadai seZamindari neRyotwari, idzo dzisina kungochinja maitiro ekuva muridzi wevhu chete asiwo dzakadzika kupatsanurana kwehupfumi. Maitiro aya aiwanzowedzera kusiyana kwemapoka evanhu nehupfumi, zvichiisa hwaro hwekupatsanurwa kwevanhu munharaunda uko kuchiripo nanhasi.
Kubatanidzwa Kwetsika uye Kusanganiswa
Kutonga kwevagari vemo kwakaunzawo shanduko huru mutsika kuburikidza nemaitiro ekubatanidza uye kusanganisa. Mabasa eumishinari aive chishandiso chakajairika chaishandiswa nevagari vemo kuparadzira chitendero chavo netsika dzavo, kazhinji vachirasikirwa netsika dzemuno. MuLatin America, mamishinari eSpain nePortugal akashandura vanhu vemo kuita chiKristu, zvichikonzera kusanganiswa kwetsika dzemuno netsika dzechiKaturike. Kusanganiswa kwetsika uku kwakaita kuti pave nekutaura kwakasiyana kwechitendero kunoramba kuripo mumarudzi akasiyana-siyana mukondinendi yese.
Saizvozvowo, mumakoloni mazhinji eAfrica, masisitimu edzidzo ekuEurope akaunzwa kuti "agadzirise" vagari vemo. Kunyange hazvo shanduko idzi dzedzidzo dzakaunza kufambira mberi mukudzidza nekunyora, dzakakonzerawo kuparara kwemasisitimu eruzivo rwechinyakare nemitauro. Kuiswa kwemitauro yekuEurope senzira yekudzidzisa kwakagadzira kupatsanurana kwemitauro, zvichipa ropafadzo kune avo vainyatsogona kutaura mutauro wemukoloni uye zvichideredza mitauro yemuno.
Kushandiswa Zvisina Kunaka Kwehupfumi Uye Kudzingwa Kwevanhu
Kushandiswa zvisina kunaka kwehupfumi kwaiwanikwa muhutongi hwemakoloni kwakakonzerawo matambudziko makuru munharaunda. Vagari vemakoloni vaiwanzowana zviwanikwa nepfuma kubva munzvimbo dzaiva dzakatorerwa, vachiendesa mabhenefiti ehupfumi kuvatongi vemakoloni ukuwo vanhu vemo vachiva varombo. Hupfumi uhwu hwaibva mukubvisa zvirimwa hwakakanganisa mararamiro echinyakare uye hwakamanikidza nharaunda dzemuno kuti dzive varanda kana kuti vashandiswe nemari shoma.
Semuenzaniso, muBelgian Congo, indasitiri yerabha yakatungamira mukushungurudzwa kwechisimba uye hutsinye hwakapararira. Kudiwa kwerabha kwakamanikidza maCongo kuti ashande nesimba pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu asina hunhu, izvo zvakaparadza nharaunda uye zvakakanganisa kubatana kwevanhu. Saizvozvowo, muBritish Caribbean, hupfumi hweminda hwakavimba nebasa revaranda reAfrica hwakagadzira nzanga yakakamurwa zvakanyanya maererano nemadzinza nehupfumi, mhedzisiro yacho ichiri pachena mumagariro evanhu munharaunda iyi.
Kuputsa Masangano Evanhu Echinyakare
Kutonga kwevagari vemo kwaiwanzokonzera kuputswa kwemasangano emagariro evanhu echinyakare. Maitiro ekutonga, kururamisira, uye kurongeka kwevanhu vemo aitsigirwa nehurongwa hwevagari vemo hwaiwanzova husina kujairika uye husina kukodzera mamiriro emo. Izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekurasikirwa nekubatana kwevanhu uye kusasimba kwehukama hwemunharaunda hwaimbochengetedzwa kuburikidza nemasangano evagari vemo.
MuAustralia, kupambwa kweBritain kwakaita kuti nharaunda dzevaAboriginal dzitamiswe uye kuti mamiriro avo emagariro evanhu avhiringidzwe. Kodzero dzevhu dzechinyakare, masisitimu ehukama, uye tsika dzakakanganiswa, zvichikonzera kushungurudzika kwezvizvarwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kuparara kwemagariro evanhu. Nhasi, vanhu veAboriginal vachiri kusangana nematambudziko makuru mukudzorera nhaka yavo yetsika uye mamiriro avo emagariro.
Sumo yeMaitiro Matsva Emagariro Evanhu
Kunyange hazvo hudzvanyiriri hwenyika hwakanga huine migumisiro yakaipa yakawanda, hwakaunzawo tsika itsva dzemagariro evanhu nemasangano aive nemigumisiro inogara kwenguva refu munharaunda dzaive dzakatorwa. Kugadzwa kwedzidzo yemazuva ano, mitemo yepamutemo, uye zvivakwa zvehutano ndezvimwe zvenhaka dzinoonekwa dzehudzvanyiriri hwenyika. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, masangano aya akabatsira kuvandudzwa kwehupfumi uye budiriro yenyika mushure merusununguko.
Semuenzaniso, kuSoutheast Asia, masimba evakoloni akatanga masisitimu edzidzo ayo akaburitsa nekudzidzisa vanhu vane hunyanzvi avo vakazotamba mabasa akakosha mumasangano erudzi nenyika dzakatevera kukoloni. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuderedza masisitimu edzidzo yechinyakare neruzivo rwemuno.
Kusimba Kwetsika uye Kuvandudzwa
Pasinei nekukanganiswa kukuru kwehutongi hwevagari vemo, nzanga zhinji dzakagara mumakoloni dzakaratidza kusimba uye kugona kuchinja-chinja. Mushure mehutongi hwevagari vemo, kwave nekufarirazve tsika, mitauro, netsika dzemuno. Mapoka evagari vemo mushure mehutongi hwevagari vemo akashanda mukuedza kudzoreredza nekumutsiridza nhaka yavo yetsika, vachipikisa nhaka yehutongi hwevagari vemo.
MuSouth Africa, kupera kwerusaruraganda kwakaona kutarisisa pakudzorera mitauro yemuno netsika. Kusimudzirwa kwemitauro yakaita seZulu neXhosa mudzidzo nenhau chikamu chekuedza kukuru kugadzirisa kuputsika kwetsika kwakaitika panguva yehutongi hwemakoloni nerusaruraganda.
mhedziso
Kukanganiswa kwehukoloni pamagariro evanhu netsika chiratidzo chekuoma kwayo uye mhedzisiro yayo yakakura. Kunyange zvazvo yakakanganisa mararamiro echinyakare uye yakaisa masisitimu ekunze, yakabatsirawo mukusanganiswa kwetsika uye kugadzirwa kwetsika itsva dzemagariro. Mavanga ehukoloni achiri kuoneka muhutongi hwemagariro evanhu, nzvimbo dzetsika, uye kusawirirana kwehupfumi kwemakoloni mazhinji aimbova. Zvisinei, kushinga uye kushanda kwevanhu vakatorwa muhukoloni mukudzoreredza nekuvandudza nhaka yavo yetsika zvinopa tariro yeramangwana. Sezvatinoramba tichirwisana nenhaka dzehukoloni, zvakakosha kuziva nekunzwisisa mhedzisiro iyi yenhoroondo kuti tikurudzire nzanga dzinobatanidza uye dzakaenzana.
