Kuongorora Hurukuro uye Kuvaka Chokwadi Munzanga
Mukati mehukama hwevanhu, hurukuro inoshanda seshinda inosunga vanhu, nharaunda, uye nharaunda pamwe chete. Haisi kungotaurirana chete; hurukuro inzira inoshanduka, ine mativi akawanda inoumbwa uye inoumbwa nemagariro evanhu ayo inoitika. Saka, kuongorora hurukuro kunova munda wakapfuma wekunzwisisa kuti mutauro unopesvedzera sei uye unovaka sei chokwadi.
Kunzwisisa Hurukuro
Pachinyanya kukosha, hurukuro inoreva kutaurirana kwakanyorwa kana kutaura. Zvisinei, munyaya yekuongorora hurukuro, inodarika kutaurirana kuri nyore kwemazwi kuti isanganise tsika dzakawanda dzemagariro evanhu. Hurukuro inoonekwa kwete seinongoratidza chokwadi chete asi sechinoumba. Michel Foucault, munhu anozivikanwa mubasa iri, anotaura kuti hurukuro inodzora mabudiro anoita ruzivo uye zvinoonekwa sechokwadi.
Hunhu hweKuongorora Hurukuro
Kuongororwa kwehurukuro inyaya yezvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana iyo inosanganisira mitauro, sociology, anthropology, uye cognitive psychology. Inosanganisira kuongorora mashandisirwo emutauro muzvinyorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, kutsanangura pfungwa dziripo, maumbirwo esimba, uye tsika dzemagariro evanhu.
Kunyanya, ongororo yehurukuro inotarisa:
1. Zvimiro zveMutauro: Kuongorora masintaksi, semantiki, uye pragmatics kuti unzwisise kuti maumbirwo emutauro anopesvedzera sei zvinoreva.
2. Mamiriro Evanhu: Kunzwisisa mamiriro emagariro evanhu netsika nemasangano umo hurukuro inoitika.
3. Simba nepfungwa: Kuongorora kuti hurukuro dzinosimudzira sei simba nepfungwa.
Kuvaka Kwechokwadi Kwemagariro Evanhu
Pfungwa yekuvakwa kwechokwadi munharaunda, yakakurukurwa zvakanyanya naPeter L. Berger naThomas Luckmann mubasa ravo guru rinonzi "The Social Construction of Reality" (1966), inoratidza kuti kunzwisisa kwedu nyika hakusi kwechokwadi asi kunovakwa kuburikidza nekudyidzana kwevanhu uye maitiro.
Kudyidzana Pakati Pehurukuro Nekuvaka Kwemagariro Evanhu
Kuongororwa kwehurukuro uye kuvaka kwechokwadi munharaunda zvakabatana. Hurukuro dzinoumba maonero nekutsanangura uye kuronga zviitiko, izvo zvinozovaka chokwadi munharaunda.
1. Kuvaka Mazita:
Hurukuro dzinobatsira zvikuru mukuvaka hunhu hwemunhu nehweboka revanhu. Mutauro nekutaurirana zvinoita basa guru mukuona kwevanhu ivo pachavo uye vamwe. Semuenzaniso, hunhu hwemunhurume nevanhukadzi hunoumbwa zvakanyanya netsika dzekutaurirana. Nzira iyo vezvenhau, masisitimu edzidzo, uye marongerwo emhuri vanotaura nezvemabasa evanhukadzi nevanhukadzi inoumba kunzwisisa kwenharaunda uye maonero emunhu pachake.
2. Simba uye Hutongi:
Hurukuro dzinowanzoita kuti hukama hwemasimba huve hwechivanhu uye huve hwakarurama. Kuburikidza nekuongorora hurukuro, munhu anogona kuona kuti dzimwe nyaya dzinochengetedza sei marongerwo ehutongi. Semuenzaniso, hurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika dzinogona kusimbisa simba rehurumende nekutaura kuti vanhu vasingabvumirani nevamwe havadi nyika yavo kana kuti vane mhosva.
3. Kugadzira Maitiro neHunhu:
Kuburikidza nehurukuro, nzanga dzinogadza tsika netsika. Funga nezvehurukuro ine chekuita nehutano: mazwi akadai sekuti "kurarama kwakanaka" uye mutauro unoshorwa wakapoteredza kufuta zvinovaka tsika dzenzanga pamusoro pechimiro chemuviri nemararamiro. Izvi, zvinopesvedzera maitiro emunhu uye zvinotarisirwa munharaunda.
4. Maitiro Emasangano:
Masangano akaita sezvikoro, masisitimu emutemo, uye midhiya inonyanya kukurukurwa-kurukurwa uko ruzivo runovakwa uye runoparadzirwa. Semuenzaniso, purogiramu yedzidzo ihurukuro yakagadzirwa inopesvedzera kuti nhoroondo nesainzi, pakati pezvimwe zvidzidzo, zvinonzwisiswa sei nevadzidzi, zvichiumba ndangariro nekunzwisisana kwevadzidzi.
Maitiro ekuongorora hurukuro
Kuongorora hurukuro kunoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekudzidza kuti chokwadi chinovakwa sei kuburikidza nemutauro:
1. Kuongorora Hurukuro Dzakakosha (CDA):
CDA, yakabatana nenyanzvi dzakadai saNorman Fairclough naTeun A. van Dijk, inotarisa pahukama huripo pakati pehurukuro nemamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Inoratidza nzira idzo hurukuro inobereka nadzo simba uye kusaenzana.
2. Kuongorora Nyaya:
Maitiro aya anoongorora kuti nyaya dziri muhurukuro dzinoumba sei ruzivo uye hunhu. Ngano dzine simba sezvo dzichitevedzana zviitiko uye dzichipa zvinoreva, kazhinji dzichiratidza tsika dzakakura dzemagariro evanhu netsika.
3. Kuongorora Hurukuro:
Kuongorora kwakadzama kwechimiro uye kurongeka kwehurukuro mukutaurirana. Kunotarisa kuti hurukuro dzezuva nezuva dzinobatsira sei mukuvaka chokwadi chemagariro evanhu.
4. Zvidzidzo zveSemiotiki:
Kudzidza zviratidzo nezviratidzo sezvinhu zvemaitiro ekutaurirana. Kuongorora kweSemiotic muhurukuro kunotarisa kuti zviratidzo mukati mehurukuro zvinogadzira sei zvinoreva uye zvinoburitsa pfungwa dzakasiyana.
Mashandisirwo Ekuongorora Hurukuro Munyika Chaiyo
Kuongororwa kwehurukuro kune zvakunoreva zvikuru muminda yakasiyana-siyana:
1. Midhiya neKutaurirana:
Nekuongorora hurukuro dzezvenhau, vaongorori vanogona kunzwisisa kuti nhau, mafirimu, uye kushambadza zvinovaka sei mafungiro everuzhinji, zvinoumba mafungiro, uye zvinopesvedzera sei kutonga kwetsika.
2. Zvematongerwo enyika:
Kuongorora hurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika kunoratidza kuti mutauro unoshandiswa sei kunyengetedza, kushandura, uye kugadzira chokwadi chezvematongerwo enyika. Kuumbwa kwemitemo nehurukuro dzezvematongerwo enyika kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya maonero nemaitiro everuzhinji.
3. Dzidzo:
Munzvimbo dzedzidzo, ongororo yehurukuro inobatsira kunzwisisa kuti mutauro unoumba sei maitiro ekudzidzisa, zvidzidzo, uye hunhu hwevadzidzi. Inopa ruzivo rwekubatanidzwa uye rusaruro mune zvedzidzo.
4. Utano:
Kuongorora hurukuro dzezvekurapa kunogona kuburitsa pachena kuti mutauro unoumba sei ruzivo rwevarwere, mitemo yehutano, uye maitiro avo. Zvinoratidzawo simba riripo pakati pevashandi vezvehutano nevarwere.
Matambudziko uye Mafungiro
Kufanana nechero nzira yekuongorora, ongororo yehurukuro inouya nematambudziko ayo:
1. Kusanzwisisa pfungwa dzemunhu: Kududzira hurukuro kunogona kuva kwemunhu pachake, kuchitungamirirwa nemaonero emuongorori.
2. Kuvimba Nezviri Mukati: Zvinorehwa nehurukuro zvinoenderana zvikuru nemamiriro ezvinhu, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakaoma kuongorora munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
3. Hunhu Hwekuchinja: Hurukuro inoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva, zvichiita kuti pave nekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekuongorora nguva dzose.
Pasinei nematambudziko aya, ongororo yehurukuro ichiri chishandiso chakakosha chekutsvaga nzira dzakaoma dzinoshandiswa nemutauro kuvaka chokwadi chemagariro evanhu.
mhedziso
Kuongorora hurukuro kunoshanda sehwindo rekuvaka chokwadi munharaunda, zvichiratidza kuti kunzwisisa kwedu nyika kunoumbwa sei nemutauro nenyaya dzakatipoteredza. Nekuongorora hurukuro zvakadzama, tinogona kuwana ruzivo pamusoro pesimba riri pasi, hunhu, uye tsika dzevanhu dzinotsanangura ruzivo rwevanhu. Sezvo nzanga ichiramba ichichinja, kudzidza hurukuro kucharamba kwakakosha mukuparadza nekunzwisisa chidimbu chechokwadi chenharaunda chinogara chichichinja.
