Kutsoropodzwa kwePostcolonial muAnthropological Studies
Munzvimbo yakakura yezvidzidzo zvedzidzo, anthropology ine chinzvimbo chakasiyana nekuda kwekuongorora kwayo kwakadzama tsika dzevanhu, maitiro, uye magariro evanhu. Kubva payakatanga, anthropology yakashanduka zvikuru, ichipesvedzerwa nepfungwa dzakawanda dzedzidziso uye mafambiro epfungwa. Kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni, kwakabuda pachena muhafu yekupedzisira yezana remakore rechi20, kwakaumba zvidzidzo zvemazuva ano zveanthropology, kuchipikisa nzira dzechinyakare, nyaya, uye simba riri mukati medzidzo.
Mamiriro Ezvakaitika Kare uye Kubuda Kwazvo
Kuti tinzwisise zvizere kukanganiswa kwekushoropodzwa kwevanhu mushure mehukoloni, zvakakosha kunzwisisa midzi yako. Hukoloni, sehurukuro yepfungwa, inotsoropodza nhaka nemhedzisiro iri kuramba ichiitika yehukoloni neumambo hwehumambo. Mabasa anoshamisa akaitwa nenyanzvi dzakadai saEdward Said, Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, naHomi K. Bhabha vanoongorora nzira idzo simba rehukoloni rakaramba richiumba kugadzirwa kweruzivo nekumiririrwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira hukoloni.
Kare, dzidziso yevanhu yakatsoropodzwa nekuda kwekubatana kwayo kwakadzika nemakambani ekoloni. Nyanzvi dzekare dzedzidzo yevanhu dzaiwanzoshanda pamwe chete nehurumende dzekoloni, dzichigadzira ruzivo rwaisimbisa hutongi hwekoloni nedzimwe nzanga dzisiri dzekumadokero. Hukama uhwu hwakapfupikiswa zvakanaka nekuongorora kwaTalal Asad hwaro hwekuti dzidziso yevanhu yaive yakaoma mukushandisa simba rekoloni.
Kunetsa Eurocentrism uye Ethnocentrism
Kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni kwave kwakakosha mukupikisa maitiro eEurocentric uye ethnocentric akapararira muzvidzidzo zvetsika zvevanhu. Nekubvunza marongerwo eWestern-centric aiwanzoisa nzanga dzisiri dzekumadokero se'dzekare' kana 'dzisina kusimba,' nyanzvi dzemashure mekoloni dzakatsigira kumiririrwa kwakaringana uye kunoremekedza tsika dzepasi rose. Kuchinja uku kwakaita kuti vanoongorora vanhu vaongororezve maitiro avo uye vatore nzira dzinoratidza kuti dzavari uye kusawirirana kwesimba kuripo munzvimbo dzekutsvagisa.
Semuenzaniso, basa guru raLila Abu-Lughod, "Kunyora Kupesana Netsika," rinotaura nezvekugadzirisa simba nekusaenzana zvakananga nekubatanidza nyaya dzevanhu nemasimba makuru ekuvaka, nokudaro zvichiita kuti zviome kuratidzwa kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni kunokurudzira vanyori venhoroondo yevanhu kuti vapfuure maonero ekuderedza kusiyana kwetsika nepfungwa dzechinyakare, vachikurudzira kunzwisisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwetsika.
Maitiro Ekubvisa Kuora Kweganda
Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakapihwa nekushoropodzwa kwevanhu mushure mekoloni kwave kuri kuda kubvisa nzira dzekudzora hukoloni. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongororazve nekuvandudza maitiro ekutsvagisa kuti pasave nekutonga kwevakoloni mukugadzira ruzivo. Nyanzvi dzechivanhu dzakadai saLinda Tuhiwai Smith dzave dziri pamberi pesangano iri, dzichitsigira kutsvagisa kunosanganisira, kubatanidzwa, uye kuremekedza epistemologies ne ontology dzechivanhu.
Nzira dzekubvisa hutongi hwechivanhu dzinosimbisa kushanda pamwe chete nenharaunda dziri kudzidzwa, zvichiita kuti manzwi avo nemaonero avo zvive zvakakosha mukuita kwekutsvaga. Maitiro aya anopikisa muenzaniso wetsika weanthropology kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, uko nyanzvi dzinowanzozvipa ivo pachavo sevatongi veruzivo. Pane kudaro, zvinokurudzira maitiro edemocracy uye ekugadzira pamwe chete, uko ruzivo runogadzirwa pamwe chete nekubatanidzwa uye kuremekedza mamiriro emunharaunda uye masisitimu eruzivo.
Kuongororazve Magwaro neDzidziso dzeCanonical
Kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mehukoloni kunosanganisirawo kuongorora zvakare magwaro ekare nedzidziso dziri mukati mehunhu hwevanhu. Mabasa ekare akaitwa nenyanzvi dzehunhu hwevanhu vakaita saBronislaw Malinowski, EE Evans-Pritchard, nevamwe anodzokororwa nepfungwa dzakadzama, zvichiratidza pfungwa dzehukoloni nepfungwa dziri mukati medzidziso dzavo nezvinyorwa zvavo. Maitiro aya haangobvumi chete matambudziko emagwaro aya epakutanga asiwo anovhura nzira yemamwe mashoko nemanzwi anga achimbosiyiwa kana kunyaradzwa muhurukuro dzehunhu hwevanhu.
Uyezve, kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mehukoloni kwakakurudzira vanoongorora nezvevanhu kuti vaongorore nekubatanidza dzidziso dzisiri dzekumadokero nepfungwa, zvichiwedzera ruzivo rwepfungwa rwechidzidzo ichi. Nekukoshesa ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana, hukoloni inogona kupfuura nhaka yayo yehukoloni uye kuita munda wekudzidza unobatanidza vanhu vakawanda uye une zvakawanda.
Kufunga Nezvetsika Nenyaya Yekumiririrwa
Hunhu nerumiriri ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinotariswa nekutsoropodzwa kwevanhu mushure mehukoloni. Nhoroondo yedzidzo iyi inodzokororwa nezviitiko zvekushandisa tsvakurudzo zvisina kunaka, uko nharaunda dzakadzidzwa dzakanga dzisina rusununguko kana pfungwa dzakawanda maererano nekuti hupenyu hwavo netsika dzavo zvaimiririrwa sei. Kutsoropodzwa mushure mehukoloni kunoratidza kukosha kwetsika dzekuita tsvakurudzo dzakarurama, dzakajeka, uye dzinozvidavirira kunharaunda dzinobatanidzwa.
Nyanzvi dzezvevanhu dzava kunzwisisa zviri kuitika mubasa ravo uye kukosha kwekuchinja kwetsika. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuongorora zvakadzama rusaruro rwavo, migumisiro inogona kuitika mukutsvagurudza kwavo, uye kushanda nesimba kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti zvavanotaura hazviiti kuti pave nekukuvadza kana kutaurwa zvisirizvo. Saka, kubatanidzwa mukutsoropodzwa mushure mekoloni kunosimudzira tsika yetsika uye ine mutoro yeanthropology, iyo inokoshesa kukudzwa nekuzvitonga kwenharaunda dzakadzidzwa.
Matambudziko uye Nhungamiro Yeramangwana
Kunyange hazvo kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni kwafambira mberi zvikuru mukugadzirisa zvidzidzo zvevanhu, hazvisi pasina matambudziko azvo. Maitiro ekubvisa hukoloni hwevanhu ari kuenderera mberi uye anoda kushanda nesimba nekuzvipira. Zvipingamupinyi zvemasangano, simba rakadzika midzi, uye kuramba kuripo kwemaEurocentric paradigms zvinogona kukanganisa kufambira mberi. Pamusoro pezvo, pane njodzi yechiratidzo, uko kuiswa kwemaonero emashure mekoloni kuri pamusoro pepamusoro pane kuchinja zvechokwadi.
Tichitarisa mberi, ramangwana rekutsoropodzwa kwevanhu mushure mehutongi hwenyika riri mukuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwayo nehurongwa hweruzivo rwepasi rose uye kukurudzira hukama hwechokwadi pakati pevadzidzisi vetsika nemagariro akasiyana-siyana, kukurudzira kushanda pamwe chete kwetsika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzevaya vanosarudzwa mukati mezvikoro zvepamusoro-soro.
Mukupedzisa, kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni kwave kwakakosha mukukurudzira anthropology kuti itarisane nekare kwayo yekoloni, kuongororazve nzira dzayo, uye kushandisa tsika dzakanaka uye dzinobatanidza vanhu vose. Nekupikisa simba rakadzika uye kuisa pamberi maonero akasiyana-siyana, kutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni kunoramba kuchitungamira anthropology kune ramangwana rakaenzana uye rinofungisisa. Sezvo chidzidzo ichi chichienderera mberi, misimboti yekutsoropodzwa kwemashure mekoloni icharamba yakakosha mukuona kuti anthropology inoramba iri nzvimbo yekudzidza yakasimba, ine basa, uye ine mutoro.
