Udindo wa Mahomoni Pakubereka
Kubereka ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zofunika kwambiri zamoyo kuti zamoyo zipulumuke. Zimaphatikizapo njira yovuta yomwe imayendetsedwa ndi mahomoni osiyanasiyana omwe amagwira ntchito mogwirizana kuti atsimikizire kuti umuna ukukula, kukula kwa mwana wosabadwa, komanso kubadwa. M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana za ntchito ya mahomoni ofunikira pakubereka kwa anthu.
Mahomoni ndi Kusamba
Kwa akazi, msambo ndi njira ya mwezi uliwonse yomwe imakonzekeretsa thupi kutenga mimba. Ndi chitsanzo chodziwikiratu cha momwe mahomoni amalamulira ntchito yobereka. Msambo wabwinobwino umatenga masiku pafupifupi 28 ndipo umagawidwa m'magawo angapo: gawo la follicular, ovulation, ndi gawo la luteal.
1. Gawo la Follicular
Gawoli limayamba tsiku loyamba la msambo ndipo limatha ndi ovulation. Mu gawoli, hormone yolimbikitsa follicle (FSH), yopangidwa ndi pituitary gland, imalimbikitsa kukula kwa follicles m'mazira obereketsa. Kenako follicles zomwe zikukula zimapanga estrogen, mahomoni omwe amachititsa kukhuthala kwa endometrial mu chiberekero pokonzekera mimba yomwe ingatheke.
2. Kutulutsa mazira
Kukwera kwa estrogen pakati pa nthawi ya ovulation kumayambitsa kuwonjezeka kwa luteinizing hormone (LH). Kuwonjezeka kwa LH kumeneku kumayambitsa kutulutsidwa kwa dzira lokhwima kuchokera ku ovary - njira yomwe imadziwika kuti ovulation. Pambuyo pa ovulation, dzira limapita ku fallopian tube, komwe limayembekezera kukumana ndi umuna.
3. Gawo la Luteal
Pambuyo pa ovulation, follicle yophulika imakhala corpus luteum ndipo imayamba kutulutsa progesterone ndi estrogen yochepa kuti isunge mkati mwa endometrium. Ngati mimba siichitika, corpus luteum imasweka, kupanga progesterone kumachepa, ndipo endometrium imatuluka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msambo uyambenso.
Mahomoni mu Mimba
Ngati umuna wapita patsogolo, mahomoni ena amayamba kugwira ntchito yawo posunga mimba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mwana wosabadwayo akula bwino.
1. Gonadotropin ya Chorionic ya Munthu (hCG)
Pambuyo poika mwana wosabadwayo m'mimba, minofu ya placenta yomwe ikukula imayamba kutulutsa hCG. Homoni iyi imasunga corpus luteum, yomwe imapitiriza kupanga progesterone ndi estrogen mpaka placenta itakula mokwanira ndipo imatha kutulutsa mahomoni awa yokha. Mayeso a mimba nthawi zambiri amazindikira kupezeka kwa hCG, chizindikiro choyambirira cha mimba.
2. Progesterone ndi Estrogen
Pa nthawi ya mimba, progesterone imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posunga mkati mwa chiberekero ndikuletsa minofu ya chiberekero kugwedezeka. Pakadali pano, estrogen ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa minofu ya chiberekero ndikuwonjezera kuyenda kwa magazi kupita ku chiberekero.
3. Pumulani
Homoni iyi imagwira ntchito yomasula mitsempha ya m'chiuno ndi kumasula khomo lachiberekero kuti likonzekeretse thupi kubadwa. Kuphatikiza apo, relaxin imathandiza kusunga malo abwino oti mwana wosabadwayo akule bwino.
Mahomoni ndi Njira Yobadwira
Pakutha kwa mimba, kusintha kwa mahomoni kumayambitsa kubereka.
1. Oxytocin
Homoni iyi imapangidwa ndi hypothalamus ndipo imasungidwa mu posterior pituitary gland. Pamene kubereka kuli pafupi, oxytocin imatulutsidwa kuti ilimbikitse kukokana kwamphamvu kwa chiberekero nthawi zonse panthawi yobereka. Imalimbikitsanso kusinthasintha kwa let-down, komwe kumalola mkaka kutuluka m'mabere.
2. Prostaglandins
Mafuta ochokera ku mafuta amenewa amathandizanso kuti chiberekero chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti khomo lachiberekero lizikula panthawi yobereka.
Mahomoni mu Kubereka kwa Amuna
Mwa amuna, mahomoni nawonso amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri mu njira yoberekera, ngakhale kuti njirayi siikhudza kuzungulira monga momwe zimakhalira ndi akazi.
1. Testosterone
Testosterone ndiye mahomoni akuluakulu a androgen omwe amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma testes. Homoni iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa makhalidwe ena ogonana, monga kukula kwa tsitsi pankhope ndi mawu ozama, komanso imakhudza chilakolako chogonana komanso kupanga umuna.
2. Hormone Yolimbikitsa Follicle (FSH) ndi Hormone Yolimbikitsa Luteinizing (LH)
Mahomoni awiriwa ndi ofunikira mwa amuna monga momwe alili mwa akazi. FSH imalimbikitsa umuna m'machubu a seminiferous a ma testes, pomwe LH imalimbikitsa maselo a Leydig m'ma testes kuti apange testosterone.
Kugwirizana kwa Mahomoni ndi Zinthu Zakunja
Ndikofunikira kukumbukira kuti mahomoni obereketsa sagwira ntchito mopanda kanthu. Zinthu zakunja monga kupsinjika maganizo, zakudya, ndi moyo zimatha kukhudza mahomoni, komanso thanzi la kubereka. Mwachitsanzo, kupsinjika maganizo kosatha kumatha kusokoneza zizindikiro za mahomoni, pomwe kusowa zakudya m'thupi kumatha kusokoneza kupanga kwa mahomoni ofunikira m'thupi.
Mapeto
Mahomoni ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa njira yoberekera ya munthu, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti gawo lililonse, kuyambira nthawi ya msambo mpaka nthawi ya mimba ndi kubereka, likuyenda bwino. Kumvetsetsa momwe mahomoni awa amagwirira ntchito komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito sikuti ndikofunikira kokha pankhani ya thanzi la kubereka komanso kumapereka chidziwitso pakukula kwa chithandizo chabwino komanso njira zamankhwala m'munda. Monga gawo lofunikira la dongosolo la endocrine, mahomoni amatsimikizira kuti ntchito zoberekera zimachitika bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza kuti moyo ukhalenso wabwino.
