Kapangidwe Kothandizira Kumwa Zakudya
Njira yoyamwitsa michere ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu, kuonetsetsa kuti matupi athu akupeza michere yomwe amafunikira kuti agwire ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Nthawi iliyonse tikadya, chakudyacho sichigwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo ndi thupi koma chiyenera kugayidwa kaye. M'nkhaniyi, tifufuza momwe ziwalo zothandizira m'thupi la munthu zimathandizira kuyamwa michere bwino.
Chiyambi cha Dongosolo Logaya Chakudya
Musanakambirane za kapangidwe kake kothandizira, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa zoyambira za dongosolo logaya chakudya. Dongosololi limapangidwa ndi njira yogaya chakudya ndi ziwalo zina zogaya chakudya. Njira yogaya chakudya imaphatikizapo pakamwa, m'mero, m'mimba, m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono, m'matumbo akulu, ndi m'matumbo. Pakadali pano, ziwalo zina monga chiwindi, kapamba, ndi ndulu zimapanga ma enzyme ndi madzi omwe amathandiza kugaya chakudya.
Kapangidwe Kothandizira Kuyamwa M'matumbo Ang'onoang'ono
Matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndiye malo oyambira kuyamwa michere m'thupi. Ali ndi magawo atatu: duodenum, jejunum, ndi ileum. Chilichonse chili ndi gawo lapadera koma logwirizana pa kuyamwa michere.
Villi ndi Microvilli
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono ndi villi ndi microvilli. Villi ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timapinda m'makoma a matumbo ang'onoang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azioneka ngati zala. Zinthu zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri chifukwa zimawonjezera malo a matumbo, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zakudya zizilowa bwino m'thupi.
Villi iliyonse ili ndi ma microvilli, ma microscopes ooneka pamwamba pa maselo a epithelial omwe amapanga villi. Ma microvilli amenewa amapanga gawo lotchedwa "brush border." Izi zimawonjezeranso malo pamwamba ndipo zimakhala ndi ma enzyme omwe amathandiza kuswa mamolekyu a chakudya kukhala mitundu yosavuta kuyamwa.
Maselo a Goblet ndi Kupanga Mafinya
Maselo a m'mimba ndi mtundu wa maselo omwe amapezeka pakati pa maselo a m'mimba ang'onoang'ono ndipo amachititsa kuti mamina atuluke. Mamina amenewa amagwira ntchito ngati mafuta, kuteteza khoma la m'mimba kuti lisasunthike komanso kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa chakudya komanso asidi m'mimba. Kuphatikiza apo, mamina amapereka malo okhazikika kuti ma enzymes ogaya chakudya azigwira ntchito bwino, zomwe zimathandiza kuti michere iyambe kuyamwa.
Udindo wa Ma Enzymes ndi Madzi Ogaya M'mimba
Ma enzyme ogaya chakudya ndi ofunikira pogaya mamolekyu akuluakulu kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timalowa mosavuta. Nazi ma enzyme ofunikira ogaya chakudya ndi madzi ndi ntchito zawo:
kapamba
Pancreas imapanga ma enzyme angapo ofunikira, monga amylase, lipase, ndi protease. Amylase imayambitsa kugawa chakudya kukhala shuga wosavuta, lipase imapanga mafuta kukhala ma acid ndi glycerol, ndipo protease imaphwanya mapuloteni kukhala ma amino acid.
Chiwindi ndi ndulu
Chiwindi chimapanga ndulu, yomwe imasungidwa mu ndulu ndikutulutsidwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono. Ndulu simagaya mafuta mwachindunji, koma imatulutsa mafuta, ndikugawa m'madontho ang'onoang'ono omwe amatha kugayidwa mosavuta ndi enzyme lipase.
Kuyenda kwa Magazi ndi Kuyamwa Zakudya
Zakudya zikaphwanyidwa, zimatengedwa ndi maselo a m'mimba ndipo zimalowa m'magazi kapena m'thupi. Chakudya ndi mapuloteni nthawi zambiri zimatengedwa m'mitsempha yamagazi ya villi, pomwe mafuta amatengedwa kudzera m'thupi kudzera m'thupi.
Chipata cha Mtima
Magazi olemera m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amatengedwa kupita ku chiwindi kudzera mu mtsempha wa chiwindi. M'chiwindi, poizoni amachotsedwa, ndipo michere imasungidwa kapena kusinthidwa momwe thupi limafunira isanatulutsidwe m'magazi.
Dongosolo la Mitsempha
Dongosolo la lymphatic limagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ponyamula mafuta. Mafuta omwe amagayidwa m'matumbo ang'onoang'ono amaikidwa mu ma chylomicrons, tinthu ta lipoprotein tomwe timanyamulidwa ndi mitsempha ya lymphatic. Pamapeto pake, ma chylomicrons amatulutsidwa m'magazi, komwe amaphwanyidwanso kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kapena kusungidwa ndi minofu ya thupi.
Kulinganiza kwa Bakiteriya m'matumbo
Mabakiteriya a m'matumbo nawonso amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pa kuyamwa kwa chakudya. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tomwe timayamwa m'thupi lathu timapanga ulusi wosagayidwa bwino, ndikupanga mafuta acids omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi maselo am'mimba ngati gwero la mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, mabakiteriyawa amapanga mavitamini ofunikira angapo, monga vitamini K ndi biotin, omwe amayamwa ndi thupi.
Zinthu Zomwe Zimakhudza Kuyamwa kwa Madzi
Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zingakhudze momwe chakudya chimayamwira m'thupi:
– Thanzi la M'mimba: Kutupa kapena matenda monga matenda a celiac kapena matenda a Crohn kungawononge villi ndikulepheretsa matumbo kuyamwa chakudya.
– Zakudya: Zakudya zina zimatha kuwonjezera kapena kuletsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, vitamini C imatha kuwonjezera kuyamwa kwa chitsulo, pomwe phytic acid yomwe ili mu tirigu imatha kuletsa kuyamwa kwa chitsulo.
– Ukalamba ndi Majini: Ukalamba ungakhudze kuyamwa kwa michere, ndipo okalamba amachepa kuyamwa. Majini nawonso amatenga gawo pa kagayidwe kachakudya ndi kuyamwa kwa zinthu zina.
Mapeto
Njira yoyamwitsa michere ndi njira yovuta yokhudza kapangidwe ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mkati mwa thupi la munthu. Kuyambira pa kapangidwe kakang'ono kwambiri monga villi ndi microvilli mpaka ntchito ya ma enzyme ndi madzi am'mimba, gawo lililonse lili ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kumvetsetsa kapangidwe kawo ndi ntchito yawo sikuti ndikofunikira kokha pa zamoyo komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitsochi pa chisamaliro chabwino chaumoyo ndi zakudya. Mwa kuyang'anira bwino thanzi la m'mimba, titha kuonetsetsa kuti thupi limalandira michere yomwe limafunikira kuti ligwire bwino ntchito.
