Chitsanzo cha Mafunso a Grafu Yoyenda Molunjika

Zitsanzo 13 za Mafunso a Linear Motion Graph

1. Kuchokera pa graph pamwambapa, chomwe chikuwonetsa chinthu chomwe chili pamalo pake ndi...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
E. (5)
Zokambirana
Chinthu chomwe chili pamalo pake chimasonyezedwa ndi mzere wopingasa womwe uli wolunjika ku mzere wa mtunda (s). Mzere wowongoka uwu umasonyeza kuti mtunda umakhalabe wofanana pamene nthawi ikuwonjezeka.
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

2. Kuyenda kwa chinthu kumawonetsedwa ndi graph ya malo (s) motsutsana ndi nthawi (t) monga momwe zasonyezedwera pachithunzi chili pansipa. Gawo la graph lomwe likuwonetsa chinthucho chili pamalo ake ndi gawo...
A. (1)
B. (2)
C. (3)
D. (4)
E. (5)
Zokambirana
Mzere wopingasa wa muvi kumanja = mzere wa nthawi (t). Pamene mzere ukusunthira kumanja, nthawi imawonjezeka. Mzere wopingasa wa muvi wopita mmwamba = mzere wa malo (s). Mzere umakwera mmwamba, malo amawonjezeka. Chinthu chimakhala pamalo opumulira, kutanthauza kuti malo a chinthucho ndi okhazikika, mwachitsanzo, sasintha.
(1) Chithunzi 1 chikuwonetsa kuti malo a chinthucho amawonjezeka pakapita nthawi (chinthucho chikupita patsogolo).
(2) Chithunzi 2 chikuwonetsa malo a chinthu chokhazikika pakapita nthawi (chinthucho sichikuyenda kapena sichikuyenda).
(3) Chithunzi 3 chikuwonetsa kuti malo a chinthucho amawonjezeka pakapita nthawi (chinthucho chikupita patsogolo).
(4) Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa malo a chinthucho chikuchepa pakapita nthawi (chinthucho chikubwerera m'mbuyo).
(5) Chithunzi 5 chikuwonetsa kuti malo a chinthucho amawonjezeka pakapita nthawi (chinthucho chikupita patsogolo).
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

3. Chithunzi chomwe chili pansipa ndi graph ya GLBB, pomwe v ikuyimira liwiro ndipo t ikuyimira nthawi. Kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa chinthucho kuchokera pa graph ndi...
A. 50 ms^-2
B. 25 ms^-2
C. 10 ms^-2
D. 5 ms^-2
E. 2,5 ms^-2
Zokambirana

4. Munthu amayenda ndi galimoto kuchokera mumzinda A kupita mumzinda B, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph ili pansipa, mzere wa Y ndiye gawo la liwiro ndipo mzere wa X ndiye gawo la nthawi, kotero mtunda womwe galimotoyo yayenda panthawi yoyambira mphindi 30 mpaka mphindi 60 ndi...
A. 10 km
B. 15 km
C. 20 km
D. 30 km
E. 40 km
Zokambirana
Amadziwika kuti:
Liwiro (v) = 40 km/h
Nthawi yopuma (t) = 60 – 30 = mphindi 30 = maola 0,5
Anafunsa: Ulendo wautali
Yankho:
Kuyambira mphindi 30 mpaka mphindi 60, galimotoyomayendedwe ofanana a mzere.
Mtunda = liwiro x nthawi
Mtunda = (40 km/h)(maola 0,5)
Mtunda = 20 km
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

5. Chithunzi (vt) chikuwonetsa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto kuchokera pamalo opumulira, kenako nkusuntha mpaka itaima kwa masekondi 8 monga momwe chithunzichi chikusonyezera.
Mtunda woyenda ndi galimoto pakati pa t = 5 s mpaka t = 8 s ndi…..
A. 60 m
B. 50 m
C. 35 m
D. 20 m
E. 15 m
Zokambirana
Chomwe chikufunsidwa mu funsoli ndi mtunda womwe wayenda pakati pa nthawi t = masekondi 5 mpaka t = masekondi 8.
Dera la ndege 1 = dera la katatu CD = ½ (6-5) (40-20) = ½ (1) (20) = 10
Malo a ndege 2 = dera la katatu DE = ½ (8-6) (20-0) = ½ (2) (20) = 20
Malo a ndege 3 = malo a sikweya = (6-5)(20-0) = (1)(20) = 20

Mtunda woyenda pakati pa nthawi yomwe t = masekondi 5 mpaka t = masekondi 8:
10 + 20 + 20 = mamita 50
Yankho lolondola ndi B.

6. Kuwona madontho a mafuta pa galimoto yoyendetsa pamsewu wowongoka kwawonetsedwa monga momwe zilili pachithunzichi.

Zomwe zikusonyeza kuti galimoto ikuyenda ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza ndi….
A. 1 ndi 2
B. 1 ndi 3
C. 1 ndi 4
D. 2 ndi 3
E. 2 ndi 4
Zokambirana
(1) Kuthamanga nthawi zonse (kuthamanga kwabwino)
(2) Kuchepa kwa liwiro nthawi zonse (kuthamanga kwamphamvu)
(3) Kuthamanga kosalekeza kenako liwiro losalekeza
(4) Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kenako kutsika nthawi zonse
Yankho lolondola ndi A.

7. Chithunzi chotsatira cha liwiro (v) motsutsana ndi nthawi (t) chimapereka chidziwitso chokhudza kuyenda kwa chinthu.
Mtunda womwe chinthucho chayenda m'masekondi 5 apitawa ndi….
A. 100 m
B. 120 m
C. 130 m
D. 140 m
E. 150 m
Zokambirana
Chomwe chikufunsidwa mu funsoli ndi mtunda womwe wayenda m'masekondi 5 apitawa.
Dera la ndege 1 = dera la katatu = ½ (6-5) (40-20) = ½ (1) (20) = 10
Malo a ndege 2 = malo a rectangle = (9-5)(20-0) = (4)(20) = 80
Dera la ndege 3 = dera la katatu = ½ (10-9) (20-0) = ½ (1) (20) = 10

Mtunda woyenda m'masekondi 5 apitawa:
10 + 80 + 10 = mamita 100
Yankho lolondola ndi A.

8. Chithunzi cha v – t cha galimoto ikuyenda ku GLBB chikuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi!

Kuthamanga komweko kumachitika mu ...
A. A – B ndi B – C
B. A – B ndi C – D
C. B – C ndi C – D
D. C – D ndi D – E
E. D – E ndi E – F
Zokambirana
Kuthamanga ndi kuchuluka kwa scalar, pomwe liwiro ndi kuchuluka kwa vector. Kuthamanga nthawi zonse kumakhala kwabwino, pomwe kuthamanga kungakhale kwabwino kapena koipa. Kuthamanga kumakhala kwabwino ngati liwiro likuwonjezeka (njira ya velocity = njira ya acceleration), ndipo kuthamanga kumakhala kwabwino ngati liwiro likuchepa (njira ya velocity ndi yosiyana ndi njira ya acceleration).
Chimodzi mwa ma formula a GLBB:
v_t =v_o + pa —-> v_t -v_o = pa —-> a = v_t -v_o /t
Gwiritsani ntchito njira iyi kuwerengera kufulumira. Popeza tikuwerengera kufulumira, osati kufulumira, nyalanyazani chizindikiro chotsutsa.
Liwiro la AB = (25 – 20) / (20 – 0) = 5/20 = 1/4 = 0,25 m/s²
Liwiro la BC = (45 – 25) / (40 – 20) = 20 / 20 = 1 m/s²
Liwiro la CD = (35 - 45) / (50 - 40) = 10 / 10 = 1 m/s²
Liwiro DE = (25 - 35) / (70 - 50) = 10 / 20 = 1/2 = 0,5 m/s²
Liwiro EF = (0 – 25) / (90 – 70) = 25/20 = 5/4 = 1,25 m/s²
Yankho lolondola ndi C.

9. Liwiro (v) la chinthu choyenda molunjika limagwirizana ndi nthawi (t) monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph ya v-t. Mtunda woyenda ndi chinthucho mu masekondi 10 ndi…
A. 5 m
B. 24 m
C. 80 m
D. 250 m
E. 500 m
Zokambirana
Zimadziwika (deta yochokera pa graph):
Liwiro loyambirira (v)_o= = 0
Liwiro lomaliza (v)_t) = 20 m/s
Nthawi yopuma (t) = masekondi 4
Anafunsa kuti:
Mtunda woyenda mu masekondi 10?
Yankho:
Ma formula atatu a kayendedwe kolunjika kofulumira (GLBB):
v_t =v_o + pa
s = v_o t + ½ pa²
v_t² =v_o² + ma axle awiri
Kufotokozera kwa fomula: v_t = liwiro lomaliza, v_o = liwiro loyambirira, a = kufulumira, t = nthawi yopuma, s = mtunda woyenda
Werengerani kuthamanga (a):
v_t =v_o + pa
20 = 0 + a (4)
20 = 4 a
a = 20 / 4
a = 5 m/s²
Werengerani mtunda woyenda mu masekondi 10:
s = v_o t + ½ pa²
s = (0)(10) + ½ (5)(10)²
s = ½ (5)(100)
s = (5)(50)
s = mamita 250
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

10. Ngati chinthu chaponyedwa mmwamba kuchokera pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, ndiye kuti graph ya kukula kwa kuthamanga komwe chinthucho chikukumana nako ndi...
Zokambirana
Chinthu chikaponyedwa mmwamba kuchokera pamwamba pa Dziko Lapansi, kuthamanga komwe kumachitika ndi chinthucho ndi kuthamanga kwa mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi. Kuthamanga kwa mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi ndi mtengo wosasintha wa 9,8 m/s2.² ndipo njira yoyendetsera mphamvu yokoka ya Dziko Lapansi nthawi zonse imakhala pakati pa Dziko Lapansi.
Kuthamanga kosalekeza kumadziwika ndi mzere wolunjika wofanana ndi t-axis ndi perpendicular ku a-axis.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

11. Chinthu chimayenda pa liwiro monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa graph ili pansipa. Mtunda woyenda ndi chinthucho mu masekondi 20 ndi….

1. 600 mamita
2. 500 mamita
3. 200 mamita
4. 100 mamita

Zokambirana
Mtunda woyenda mkati mwa masekondi 0 - 10 = dera la sikweya + dera la katatu
Malo a sikweya = (20-0)(10-0) = (20)(10) = mamita 200
Malo a katatu = (1/2)(10-0)(40-20) = (1/2)(10)(20) = (5)(20) = mamita 100
Mtunda woyenda masekondi 0 - 10 = mamita 200 + mamita 100 = mamita 300
 
Mtunda woyenda mu masekondi 10 - 20 = dera la katatu
Malo a katatu = (1/2)(20-10)(40-0) = (1/2)(10)(40) = (5)(40) = mamita 200

Mtunda woyenda ndi chinthu mkati mwa masekondi 0 - 20:
Mamita 300 + mamita 200 = mamita 500

Yankho lolondola ndi B.

12. Kuyenda kwa zinthu zitatu, chilichonse chomwe chikujambulidwa ndi graph ili pansipa.
Mawu olondola okhudza kayendetsedwe ka zinthu zitatu ndi awa….
Zokambirana
Chithunzi cha chinthu 1 = Chithunzi cha kufulumira (a) ndi nthawi (t)
Kutengera ndi graph, chinthucho chikuyenda ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza kapena chinthucho chikuyenda ndi kuthamanga kosalekeza. kuyenda molunjika ndi kuthamanga kosalekezaKuthamanga kosalekeza kumawonetsedwa ndi mzere wowongoka womwe umadutsa mzere wothamanga (a).

Chithunzi cha chinthu 2 = Chithunzi cha liwiro (v) ndi nthawi (a)
Kutengera ndi graph, chinthucho chikuyenda pa liwiro losasintha kapena chinthucho chikuyenda molunjika pa liwiro losasintha. Liwiro losasintha limawonetsedwa ndi mzere wolunjika womwe umadutsa mzere wa liwiro (v).

Chithunzi cha chinthu 3 = Chithunzi cha kusamuka (x) ndi nthawi (a)
Kutengera ndi graph, zikuwoneka kuti kusamuka kwa chinthucho kumakhalabe kosasintha. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chinthucho sichikuyenda kapena chili pampando. Chinthu chosasuntha chimawonetsedwa ndi mzere wowongoka womwe umadutsa mzere wosunthika (x).

Yankho lolondola ndi A.

13. Malo a chinthu chomwe chikuyenda motsatira x-axis akuwonetsedwa ndi graph yotsatirayi.
Chithunzicho chikuwonetsa kuti chinthucho chimayenda pa liwiro losasintha pakati pa….

1. Masekondi 5 mpaka 15 ndi masekondi 25 mpaka 35
2. Masekondi 0 mpaka 5 ndi masekondi 35 mpaka 40
3. Masekondi 15 mpaka 25
4. Masekondi 0 mpaka 5, masekondi 15 mpaka 25 ndi masekondi 35 mpaka 40

Zokambirana
Masekondi 5 mpaka 15 ndi masekondi 25 mpaka 35 = mtunda pakati pa zinthu umakhalabe wofanana kapena chinthucho sichili chokhazikika
Masekondi 0 mpaka 5, masekondi 15 mpaka 25 ndi masekondi 35 mpaka 40 = mtunda wa chinthucho nthawi zonse umasintha nthawi zonse panthawi yomweyi kapena chinthucho chimayenda pa liwiro losasintha.
Yankho lolondola ndi D.

Gwero la funso:

Mafunso a National Examination Physics a Senior High School/Vocational High School

Mafunso a OSN a Sukulu ya Sekondale ya Fiziki ya Sukulu ya Sekondale