Kumvetsetsa Chilamulo cha Pascal
Kodi jeki/lift ya hydraulic imagwira ntchito bwanji ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kukweza galimoto? Kodi mabuleki a hydraulic amagwira ntchito bwanji akagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa galimoto?
Monga momwe tinaphunzirira mu mutu wa Fluid Pressure , madzi aliwonse amakankhira zinthu zonse zomwe zimakhudzidwa nazo. Madzi omwe timayika mu galasi amakankhira makoma a galasi. Mofananamo, tikasamba mu dziwe losambira kapena m'madzi a m'nyanja, madziwo amakankhira thupi lathu lonse.
Kupanikizika konse kwa madzi pa kuya kwina, mwachitsanzo, kuthamanga kwa madzi a m'nyanja pa kuya kwa mamita 200, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika pamwamba pa nyanja ndi kuthamanga komwe kumayesedwa pa kuya kwa mamita 200. Chifukwa chake, kuwonjezera pa gawo lapamwamba la madzi lomwe limakakamizika pamadzi omwe ali pansi pake, palinso mlengalenga, kapena mpweya, womwe umakakamizika pamwamba pa nyanja.
Kupanikizika komwe kumachitika ndi madzi omwe ali pamwambawa kungatchulidwe kuti ndi kupanikizika kwamkati chifukwa kumachokera mkati mwa madzi, pomwe kupsinjika kwamlengalenga kungatchulidwe kuti ndi kupsinjika kwakunja chifukwa mlengalenga ndi wosiyana ndi madzi. Kupsinjika kwa mlengalenga kumagwira ntchito pamwamba pa madzi ndipo kumafalikira m'madzi onse. Chifukwa chake, kupsinjika konse kwa madzi pamlingo winawake kumakhudzidwa osati kokha ndi kupsinjika kwa madzi omwe ali pamwambawa komanso ndi kupsinjika kwa mlengalenga.
Kuti timvetse bwino kufotokozera kumeneku, tiyeni tiwone madzi omwe ali mu chidebe.
Kupanikizika kwa madzi pansi pa chidebecho mwachibadwa kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kupanikizika kwa madzi pamwamba pake. Mukatsika, kupanikizika kwa madzi kumakulirakulira; mosiyana, mukayandikira pamwamba pa chidebecho, kupanikizika kwa madzi kumachepa.
Kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumafanana ndi ρ gh (ρ = kuchulukana, g = kuthamanga kwa mpweya chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka ndipo h = kutalika kapena kuya). Pamalo aliwonse akuya komweko, kukula kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya kumakhala kofanana. Izi zimagwira ntchito pa zakumwa zonse zomwe zili mu chidebe chilichonse ndipo sizidalira mawonekedwe a chidebecho.
Ngati tigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja, mwachitsanzo pokanikiza pamwamba pa madzi, kukwera kwa mphamvu mkati mwa madzi kumakhala kofanana kulikonse. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu yakunja ikagwiritsidwa ntchito, gawo lililonse la madzi limalandira mphamvu yofanana. Chifukwa chake, mphamvu nthawi zonse imakhala yofanana pamalo aliwonse akuya komweko. Iyi ndi mfundo ya Pascal, yomwe idaperekedwa ndikutchedwa dzina la woyambitsa wake, Blaise Pascal (1623–1662). Pascal anali katswiri wafilosofi komanso wasayansi waku France.
Mfundo ya Pascal imati kupanikizika komwe kumayikidwa pamadzimadzi omwe ali mu chidebe chotsekedwa kudzafalikira mofanana ku gawo lililonse lamadzimadzi ndi makoma a chidebecho.
Mwa masamu, zitha kulembedwa motere:
Zambiri:
p = Kupanikizika, F = Mphamvu, A = Malo Ozungulira
Mawu akuti in akuyimira kupanikizika komwe kukugwiritsidwa ntchito, pomwe mawu akuti out akuyimira kupsinjika komwe kukuchitika.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mfundo ya Pascal
Motsogozedwa ndi mfundo ya Pascal, anthu apanga zida zingapo, zosavuta komanso zamakono, kuti zinthu ziyende bwino. Zina mwa izi ndi ma hydraulic jacks, ma hydraulic lifts, ma hydraulic brakes, ndi zina zambiri.
Chonyamulira cha Hydraulic Jack kapena Lift
Momwe jack kapena lift ya hydraulic imagwirira ntchito ikuonetsedwa pachithunzichi.
Chojambulira cha hydraulic chimakhala ndi chotengera chokhala ndi malo awiri. Pamalo onse awiri pali pisitoni, pomwe malo a pisitoni kumanzere ndi ocheperako kuposa malo a pisitoni kumanja. Malo a pisitoni amasinthidwa kuti agwirizane ndi malo a chotengera. Chotengeracho chimadzazidwa ndi madzi, monga mafuta.
Ngati pisitoni, yomwe ili ndi malo ang'onoang'ono pamwamba, ikankhidwira pansi, ndiye kuti gawo lililonse la madzi limapitanso nalo.
Kukanikiza. Kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zomwe pisitoni imaika pamalo ang'onoang'ono (chithunzi chakumanzere) zimapita ku mbali zonse za madzi. Zotsatira zake, madzi amakankhira pa pisitoni ndi malo akuluakulu (chithunzi chakumanja) mpaka pisitoni ikakankhidwira mmwamba. Malo a pamwamba pa pisitoni yomwe ikukanikiza ndi ochepa, kotero mphamvu yomwe imafunika kuti ikankhire madziwo ndi yochepa. Koma chifukwa chakuti mphamvu (Kupanikizika = mphamvu / gawo la unit) imafalikira m'madzi onse, mphamvu yaying'onoyo imasanduka mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri pamene madziwo amakankhira pa pisitoni kumanja ndi malo akuluakulu. Sizachilendo kuti anthu agwiritse ntchito mphamvu yolowera pa pisitoni yokhala ndi malo akuluakulu, chifukwa siipindulitsa. Pamwamba pa pisitoni yokhala ndi malo akuluakulu, chinthu kapena gawo la chinthu chomwe chiyenera kunyamulidwa (mwachitsanzo, galimoto) nthawi zambiri chimayikidwa.
Musadabwe ngati galimoto yokhala ndi kulemera kwakukulu inganyamulidwe mosavuta pongokanikiza pistoni imodzi. Malo a pistoni ndi ochepa kwambiri, kotero mphamvu yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nayonso ndi yochepa. Komabe, mphamvu yaying'ono iyi yolowera ingasinthidwe kukhala mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yotulutsa ngati malo otulutsira ndi akulu kwambiri.
Ngati jeki ya hydraulic yapangidwa kuti inyamule galimoto yolemera kwambiri, wopanga ayenera kuganizira mphamvu yokoka ya galimotoyo ndi mphamvu yotulutsa ya jeki. Kulemera kwa galimotoyo kukakula, malo otulutsira a jekiyo akakulanso. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mphamvu yotulutsa yopangidwa ndi jeki ya hydraulic iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kapena yofanana ndi kulemera kwa chinthu chomwe chikunyamulidwa.
Chitsanzo cha funso 1:
A 1 = 100 cm 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2
F 1 = 200 N
Anafunsa: F 2
Zokambirana
Chitsanzo cha funso 2:
Amadziwika kuti:
A 1 = 100 cm 2 = 100 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,01 m 2
A 2 = 250 cm 2 = 250 x 10 -4 m 2 = 0,025 m 2
Kulemera kwa katundu = 200 kg
Kuchuluka kwa mafuta (ρ) = 780 kg/ m3
Kutalika kwa mzati wa mafuta (h) = mamita awiri
Kuthamanga chifukwa cha mphamvu yokoka (g) = 10 m/s 2
Funso: Kodi mphamvu yocheperako yolowera (F) ndi iti kuti katundu akhale bwino (katunduyo asasunthe)?
Yankho:
