Te Whakamāramatanga o te tuhinga mō te wera Te ōrite ā-pūkaha o te wera Te whārite o te wera
1. Te whakamāramatanga o te wera
Ki te pā atu ngā mea he rerekē te pāmahana tetahi ki tetahi, ka puta he whakawhiti wera mai i ngā mea pāmahana teitei ki ngā mea pāmahana iti. Ka mutu te whakawhiti wera i muri i te pā atu ki ngā mea ka tae ki te pāmahana ōrite. Hei tauira, ki te whakaranua te wai wera ki te wai matao, ka neke te wera mai i te wai wera ki te wai matao. Ina ringihia te rino wera ki roto i te wai matao, ka neke te wera mai i te rino ki te wai. Ka mutu te rere o te wera i muri i te taenga o te rino me te wai ki te pāmahana ōrite. Ina tāpirihia e te nēhi he inemahana ki tō tinana, ka neke te wera mai i
Ka haere tō tinana ki te inemahana. Ka mutu te whakawhiti wera ina tae tō tinana me tō inemahana ki te pāmahana ōrite. Mena he inemahana konukōre te inemahana e whakamahia ana, ina tae tō tinana me tō inemahana ki te pāmahana ōrite, ka mutu te nekeneke o te mata o te konukōre. Ko te tau e whakaaturia ana i runga i te mata o te konukōre ko te pāmahana o tō tinana i taua wā.
I te āhua tūturu, ka neke aunoa te wera mai i ngā mea pāmahana teitei ki
ngā mea pāmahana-iti. Ko te whakawhiti wera ka whakataurite i te pāmahana o ngā mea e pā ana tetahi ki tetahi. I te rautau 18, i whakapae ngā tohunga ahupūngao ko te rere o te wera he nekehanga o te wai, he momo wai kāore e kitea (he matū ka taea te rere te wai. Kei roto i te wai ngā rauemi wai me te hau. Kei roto i te wai (wai) te wai nā te mea ka taea te rere. Kei roto hoki i te hau te wai nā te mea ka taea te rere). Ka kiia te wai he caloric. Kāore e whakamahia te ariā o ngā kaora i ēnei rā nā te mea i runga i ngā hua o te whakamātautau, kāore e taea te whakamātau i te noho o ēnei kaora. I te rautau 19, i ako tētahi tohunga ahupūngao Ingarihi ko James Prescott Joule (1818-1889) ki te whakamahana i te wai i roto i te ipu mā te whakamahi i te wira whakaoho.
I runga i ngā hua o te whakamātautau, i whakarite a Joule ki te wai wera mā te whakamahi i te ahi. Ina pā te mura me te ipu kei roto he wai, ka neke te wera mai i te ahi (mahana teitei) ki te wai (mahana iti). Whai muri i te whakarite i te pikinga o te pāmahana wai nā te pā ki te ahi me te pikinga o te pāmahana wai nā te mahi a te kaiwhakaoho, ka whakatau a Joule ko te wera te pūngao e neke ana mai i tētahi mea pāmahana teitei ki tētahi mea pāmahana iti. Ehara te wera i te pūngao (ehara te wera i tētahi momo pūngao, pērā i te pūngao nekeneke, te pūngao pūmanawa, te pūngao matū, me ētahi atu). Ko te wera he pūngao e neke ana nā ngā rerekētanga pāmahana. Nō reira, ina rere te wera mai i ngā mea pāmahana teitei ki ngā mea pāmahana iti, ka neke te pūngao mai i ngā mea pāmahana teitei ki ngā mea pāmahana iti. Ka mutu te whakawhiti pūngao i muri i te pā o ngā mea ki te pāmahana ōrite.
2. Te waeine o te wera me te ōrite ā-pūkaha o te wera
Ko ngā waeine wera he karori (he whakarāpopototanga hei karori). Ko ngā karori te nui o te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakaara ake i te pāmahana o te 1 karamu wai mā te 1 C.o (tika tonu, mai i te 14.5 oC ki 15.5 oC). Ka rerekē te nui o te wera e hiahiatia ana mō ngā pāmahana wai rerekē. Mō te nui o te wera ōrite, ka piki ake te pāmahana wai o te 1 Co ka puta noa i waenga i ngā pāmahana o te 14.5 oC ki 15.5 oC. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā waeine wera, inā koa hei kī i te uara o te pūngao kai ko ngā kirokarari (kcal). 1 kcal = 1000 kaora. Ko ētahi atu ingoa mai i te 1 kcal = 1 Kaora (reta K nui). Ko te waeine wera mō te pūnaha Peretānia ko Btu (waeine wera Peretānia). 1 Btu = te nui o te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakaara ake i te pāmahana o te 1 pauna (0.45 kg) o te wai mā te 1 Fo (Tika mai i te 63 oF ki te 64 oF).
E pā ana te wera ki te pūngao, nō reira me mōhio tātou ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā waeine wera me ngā waeine pūngao. I runga i ngā whakamātautau i mahia e Joule me ētahi atu kaipūtaiao, e mōhiotia ana ko te mahi o te 4.186 Joule he rite ki te 1 karori o te wera.
1 karori = 4.186 Joule
1 kcal = 1000 karori = 4186 Joules
1 Btu = 778 ft (0.24 km). pauna = 252 karori = 1055 Joules
(1 karori = 4.186 Joule me te 1 karori = 4186 e kiia ana ko te rite ā-pūkaha o te wera)
3. Te whārite o te wera
Ki te pā atu ngā mea he rerekē te pāmahana tetahi ki tetahi, ā, mā te tikanga, ka neke te wera mai i ngā mea pāmahana teitei ki ngā mea pāmahana iti. Ka mutu te whakawhiti wera i muri i te noho o ngā mea e rua i roto i te taurite wera. Ka puta he huringa o te pāmahana o ngā mea e pā ana tetahi ki tetahi i te whakawhiti wera. I runga i tēnei whakamārama poto, ka taea e koe te whakatau he hononga tō te wera (Q) ki tētahi mea, ā, he huringa anō hoki tō te pāmahana (ΔT) o te mea, te papatipu o te mea (m) me te momo mea.
Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te wera (Q) me te huringa pāmahana (ΔT)
Ka nui ake te wera, ka nui ake te huringa pāmahana. Ka taea te whakatau ko te nui o te wera (Q) he rite ki te huringa o te pāmahana o te mea.
Q α ΔT —– Whakataurite 1
Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te wera (Q) me te papatipu o ngā mea (m)
He rite te nui o te wera (Q) ki te panonitanga o te pāmahana o te mea. Ka nui ake te wai, ka nui ake te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakanui ake i te pāmahana o te wai.
Q α m —– Whakataurite 2
Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te wera (Q) me te momo mea (c)
He rite te wera e hiahiatia ana hei whakapiki i te pāmahana o tētahi mea ki te momo mea.
Q α c —– Whakataurite 3
Ka whakakotahihia ngā whakataurite e toru i runga ake nei hei whārite:
Q α mc ΔT
Q = mc ΔT
Koinei te whārite o te wera.
Whakaahuatanga: Q = wera (Joule), m = papatipu o te mea (kg), c = wera motuhake (J / kg C o K rānei)
