Te Tātai i te ROI i roto i ngā Pūtea Ahuwhenua
He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia ngā haumitanga ahuwhenua he mea whai hua nā te mea he pumau, he tipu haere hoki te tono kai. Heoi, pērā i ngā haumitanga katoa, he mōrearea kei te ahuwhenua: te rangi, ngā pepeke, ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu, tae atu ki ngā huringa kaupapa here. Nō reira, me mārama ngā inenga a ngā kaipupuri moni me ngā kaimahi pāmu hei aromatawai mēnā he tino whai hua te kaupapa ahuwhenua. Ko tētahi o ngā tohu e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te ROI (Return on Investment). Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi ki te tatau i te ROI i roto i ngā haumitanga ahuwhenua, ngā wāhanga utu me te moni whiwhi hei whakaaro, me ngā tauira tatau mahi hei āwhina i ngā whakatau haumitanga.
He aha te ROI?
Ko te ROI (Return on Investment) he ōwehenga e whakaatu ana i te nui o te hua (te mate rānei) ka puta, ki te whakatauritea ki te tapeke o te whakapaipai kua whakangaohia. Ko te ROI e whakaatuhia ana hei ōrau, kia māmā ai te whakataurite i waenga i ngā momo haumitanga rerekē, tae atu ki ngā taonga ahuwhenua.
Ko te tikanga whānui, ko te tātai ROI ko:
ROI = (Painga Kupenga / Tapeke Pūtea) × 100%
Ko te hua kupenga ko te moni whiwhi me te tango i ngā utu katoa e pā ana ki te whakaputa me ngā mahi. Kei roto i te haumitanga katoa ngā whakapaunga katoa i puta hei whakahaere i te pakihi i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea, tae atu ki ngā utu rerekē, ngā utu pumau, me (mēnā e tika ana) ngā utu tīmatanga pēnei i te hoko taputapu.
He aha te hiranga o te ROI i roto i te ahuwhenua?
I roto i te ahuwhenua, ka kitea pea he nui ngā tawhē hua ina piki ake ngā utu hua whenua, engari ka taea te whakaiti mena kāore e taea te whakahaere i ngā utu whakaputa, ka heke rānei ngā hua. Ka āwhina te ROI ki te whakautu i ngā pātai matua:
1. He pai te whakahaere i tēnei pakihi ahuwhenua?
2. Ko tēhea taonga he nui ake te hua?
3. He aha ngā panonitanga he nui rawa te pānga ki ngā hua (ngā utu tongi, ngā kaimahi, ngā utu hoko rānei)?
4. Āhea ka whakahokia mai te whakapaipai, ā, he tika te mōrearea?
He whai hua anō hoki te ROI ina hiahia koe ki te rapu pūtea, ki te tono mahi tahi, ki te whakarite rānei i tētahi tono, nā te mea ka "kitea" ake ngā matapae hua i runga i te taha pūtea e te tatauranga ROI.
Ngā wāhanga utu i roto i te haumitanga ahuwhenua
Hei tatau tika i te ROI, me tuhi ngā utu kia tino taipitopito. I roto i te mahi ahuwhenua, e toru ngā wāhanga whānui o ngā utu:
1. Ngā utu rerekē (ka rerekē i runga i te tauine whakaputa)
Ka rerekē ngā utu rerekē i runga i te rahi o te whenua, te maha o ngā hua kua whakatōkia, te kaha rānei o te mahi ahuwhenua. Hei tauira:
– Ngā kākano, ngā tipu rānei
– Tongi (waro, matū rānei)
– Ngā patu pepeke/ngā patu otaota/ngā patu harore
– Te mahi o ia rā (te mahi whenua, te whakato, te tiaki, te hauhake)
– Ngā utu wai/whakamakuku
– Ngā utu wahie mō ngā papu, ngā taputapu rānei
– Ngā utu mō te tākai me te whakarōpū (ina koa ko te māra)
2. Ngā utu pumau (he pumau tonu mō ia wā)
Ahakoa ka piki, ka heke rānei te hanga, kāore e nui te rerekētanga o ngā utu pumau:
– Te reti whenua (mēnā ehara i tō ake whenua)
– Taake whenua
– Utu kaimahi tuturu
– Ngā utu whakahaere, hiko me te haumarutanga
– Ngā utu whakahekenga uara o ngā taputapu me ngā mīhini
3. Ngā utu haumitanga tuatahi (capex)
He utu tēnei e puta ana i te tīmatanga, ā, he maha atu ngā painga. te wā whakato:
– Te hoko tarakihana, ngā mīhini mahi ahuwhenua, ngā mīhini rehu, papu wai
– Te hanga whare kati kōtuhi, whare ārai rānei
– Te hanganga o te puna, te tāutanga te whakamakuku maturuturu, puna wai rānei
– Whare putunga rokiroki māmā, whare putunga makariri rānei
I roto i te ROI, ka whakaurua te utu haumitanga tuatahi mā te whakahekenga uara hei karo i te taumaha rawa o te tatau mō ia wā. Heoi, mō ngā tataunga māmā, he maha ngā pakihi ka whakauru i te capex katoa mēnā ko te wā tātaritanga mō tētahi kaupapa kotahi.
Ngā wāhanga moni whiwhi i roto i te haumitanga ahuwhenua
Ehara i te mea ko te moni whiwhi ahuwhenua anake ko te "utu kotinga x te rahinga." Tērā pea ka uaua ake te tatau, hei tauira:
– Te hoko i ngā hua matua (raihi, kānga, tiri, tōmato, me ētahi atu)
– Te hoko i ngā hua taha (kakau, kiri, rau, wairākau, purapura)
– Te moni whiwhi mai i te taumata hua (tohu A, B, C me ngā utu rerekē)
– He kirimana hoko (kaituku utu) e whakarato ana i te tino pono o te utu
Ko te mea nui, whakamahia ngā whakapae tūturu: te hua toharite mō ia heketea, te tere ngaronga o te wehewehe, me te utu hoko toharite (ehara i te utu tihi).
Ngā taahiraa hei tatau i te ROI ahuwhenua
Anei me pēhea te tatau i te ROI i runga i te pūnaha:
1. Whakatauhia te wā tātari
Hei tauira, mō ia wā whakato (3–4 marama), mō ia tau, mō ia huringa whakaputa rānei (kararehe/pāmu roa).
2. Tātaihia te utu katoa (te haumitanga katoa)
Tāpirihia ngā utu taurangi + ngā utu pumau + te hekenga uara/ngā utu haumitanga tuatahi e ai ki te tikanga i whiriwhiria.
3. Tātaihia te tapeke o te moni whiwhi
Te rahinga kotinga kupenga × te utu hoko toharite, me ētahi atu moni whiwhi mēnā he moni whiwhi.
4. Tātaihia te hua kupenga
Hua kupenga = te tapeke moni whiwhi – te tapeke utu.
5. Whakauruhia ki te tātai ROI
ROI = (hua kupenga / haumitanga katoa) × 100%.
Tauira o te tatau ROI: Te whakatipu i te 1 heketea o ngā tiri
Me kī, ka utua e te kaipupuri moni te whakatipu i te 1 heketea o ngā tiri whero miro mō te wā kotahi (tata ki te 4 marama). Ngā raraunga e whakaarohia ana:
Ngā utu rerekē:
– Ngā purapura: Rp. 3.000.000
– Tongi me ngā matūkai: Rp. 12.000.000
– Ngā patu pepeke me te whakahaere pepeke: Rp. 8.000.000
- Papa kirihou: Rp. 6.000.000
– Mahi (ngaki, whakato, tiaki, hauhake): Rp. 25.000.000
– Whakamakuku me te wahie: Rp. 4.000.000
– Te whakarōpūtanga me te tākai: Rp. 3.000.000
Ngā utu taurangi katoa = Rp. 61.000.000
Ngā utu pumau:
– Reti whenua mō ia wā: Rp. 7.000.000
– Ētahi atu utu whakahaere (whakahaere, kawe waka ā-rohe): Rp. 2.000.000
Te tapeke o ngā utu pumau = Rp. 9.000.000
Te tapeke haumitanga mō ia wā = Rp. 61.000.000 + Rp. 9.000.000 = Rp. 70.000.000
Whiwhinga o nāianei:
– Te hua o te kotinga kupenga: 7.000 kg
– Te utu hoko toharite: Rp. 18.000/kg
Tapeke moni whiwhi = 7.000 × 18.000 = Rp. 126.000.000
Hua moni whiwhi = Rp126.000.000 – Rp70.000.000 = Rp56.000.000
ROI = (56.000.000 / 70.000.000) × 100% = 80%
Ko te tikanga o tēnei, i roto i te kotahi wā, ka puta he hokinga mai o te haumitanga ki te 80% o te whakapaipai kua haumitia (mehemea ka haere ngā mea katoa i runga i te mahere).
Te Whakamārama i te ROI: kāore e ranea ngā tau anake
He ātaahua te āhua o te ROI teitei, engari me pānui tahi me ētahi atu āhuatanga:
1. Te mōrearea whakaputa
Hei tauira, he ngāwari te pāngia e te mate me te piki me te heke o ngā utu o ngā pepa tiri. Tērā pea ka tino heke te ROI 80% mēnā ka heke te hua mā te 20%, ka heke rānei ngā utu mā te mano rupi.
2. Te tere o te huringa whakapaipai
He pai ake te ROI 30% ia 3 marama i te ROI 40% ia 12 marama, i runga i te rautaki pakihi. Nō reira, ka tatauhia e ētahi tāngata te ROI ā-tau.
3. Te tere o te moni me te tino pono o te mākete
He pai te ROI engari he uaua ki te mimiti i te mākete, ka pā mai pea he mate nā te pirau, te mimiti rānei o ngā hua.
4. Ngā utu huna
I roto i te ahuwhenua, he maha ngā utu e warewaretia ana: te pakaru o ngā taputapu, ngā utu toronga, ngā utu nama, te huamoni o te whakapaipai mahi, tae atu ki ngā utu mō te korenga o te hua i roto i tētahi wāhanga.
Tātaritanga aro ngāwari
Hei whiwhi i tētahi ROI tūturu ake, whakahaerehia he whakatauira iti. Hei tauira, i roto i te take tiri i runga ake nei:
– Ki te heke te utu mai i te Rp. 18.000 ki te Rp. 14.000/kg:
Whiwhinga moni = 7.000 × 14.000 = IDR 98.000.000
Hua = 98.000.000 – 70.000.000 = Rp28.000.000
Putanga Whakahoki = 40%
– Ki te heke te kotinga ki te 5.500 kg i te utu o te Rp. 18.000/kg:
Whiwhinga moni = 99.000.000
Hua = 29.000.000
ROI ≈ 41,4%
Mai i tēnei ka kitea he tino tairongo te ROI ki ngā taurangi matua e rua: te utu hoko me te hua.
Ngā tohutohu hei whakapiki i te ROI o ngā haumitanga ahuwhenua
Ko ētahi huarahi whai hua e whai hua ana i te nuinga o te wā:
– Whakamahia he tuhi tino tika i ngā utu hei whakahaere i te para o ngā whakaurunga.
– Whakatinanahia ngā aratohu ahuwhenua hei whakaiti i te mōrearea o te korenga o te hua.
– Te hanga i ngā hongere hokohoko (ngā kaihoko hou, ngā mākete hou, ngā hononga mahi tahi) hei whakau i ngā utu.
– Whakawhanuitia ngā hua, ngā pūnaha whakato mārire rānei, kia kore ai e puta te moni whiwhi "mai i te kotinga kotahi".
– Ka taea e te haumitanga ki te whakamakuku, ki ngā whare kati kōtuhi rānei whakapai ake i te pumau o te whakaputaahakoa e hiahiatia ana he pūtea tīmatanga.
Te Katinga
Mā te tatau i te ROI i roto i ngā haumitanga ahuwhenua ka āwhina koe ki te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o tō kaupapa, kaua ki te whakawhirinaki noa ki ngā whakatau tata, ki ngā ia o ngā utu mō te wā poto rānei. Ko te mea nui ki te ROI tika ko ngā rekoata utu whānui, ngā matapae hua tūturu, me te aromatawai mōrearea mā te whakatauira utu me te hua. Mā tēnei huarahi ka taea e ngā haumitanga ahuwhenua te ine, te pumau, me te ātaahua ake ki ngā pakihi me ngā kaipupuri moni.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te āwhina i a koe ki te waihanga i tētahi tauira tatau ROI (whakatakotoranga ripanga) mō tētahi taonga motuhake—hei tauira, te raihi, te kānga, te tiri, te whare kati kōtuhi huawhenua, te māra hua rānei—i runga i te whānuitanga o te whenua me ngā whakaaro utu i tō rohe.
