Ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a Hegel me te Tukanga Hītori
Pendahuluan
He maha ngā wā ka kiia te rapunga whakaaro he mara āhua-kore, kāore e nui te hononga ki te ao o ia rā. Heoi, ko tētahi o ngā tohunga whakaaro nui rawa atu o ngā wā katoa, ko Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, i whai wāhi nui ki te mārama ki te āhua o te hanganga o te hītori tangata e te taupatupatu o ngā whakaaro. Ehara i te mea he raupapa o ngā whakaaro whakaaro noa iho te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro a Hegel, engari he tikanga anō hoki hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama hohonu ki ngā tukanga hītori. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā a Hegel mō te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro me tōna awe i tā tātou tirohanga ki te hītori.
Te Whakamāramatanga me ngā Ariā Taketake o te Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a Hegel
Ko te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero he tikanga kōrero e whakamahia ana e Hegel hei whakatutuki i te pono, e whakaekea ai ngā whakaaro, ngā ariā rānei e rerekē ana tetahi ki tetahi hei whakaputa i tētahi māramatanga whānui ake. I roto i te horopaki Hegelian, e toru ngā wāhanga o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero: te ariā, te whakahē, me te whakahiato.
1. Kaupapa Matua: Koinei te ariā tuatahi i whakatakotoria, e mōhiotia ana, e whakaaetia ana hoki e te hapori.
2. Ātete-whakaaro: He whakaaro tēnei e puta mai ana he whakahē, he rerekētanga rānei i te ariā. Ka puta he whakahē, he taupatupatu rānei ki te ariā.
3. Te Whakakotahitanga: Koinei te whakataunga o te pakanga i waenga i te ariā me te ariā whakahē, ka hua ake he whakaaro hou e whakakotahi ana i ngā huānga pai rawa atu o ngā mea e rua.
E ai ki a Hegel, ka anga whakamua te hītori o te tangata mā roto i tēnei tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, e taea ai e te pakanga i waenga i ngā whakaaro te whakaputa i te ahunga whakamua me te whanaketanga o te whakaaro.
Ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a Hegel i roto i te Tukanga Hītori
I whakapono a Hegel ehara te hītori i te kohinga o ngā kaupapa tūpono noa iho, engari he Take, he Matauranga rānei e ārahi ana i tōna ara. Ki a Hegel, he tikanga, he kaupapa hoki tō te hītori , ā, i kite ia ko te whanaketanga o te Wairua Tino Pai.
Ko te tukanga hītori, e ai ki a Hegel, ko te whakakitenga i a ia anō o te Wairua Tino Pai i roto i te wā. I kite ia he tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero tēnei, kei roto i ia wāhanga o te hītori he pakanga ka whakatauhia mā te whakahiato, ā, ka waiho hei pūtake mō tētahi kaupapa hou. Ka hoki anō tēnei huringa, ka ārahi i te tangata ki ngā taumata teitei ake o te hinengaro me te herekoretanga.
Ngā Wāhanga Hītori i roto i te Tirohanga a Hegel
I wehea e Hegel te hītori kia maha ngā wā nui e whakaata ana i ngā wāhanga rerekē o te whanaketanga o te hinengaro tangata:
1. Te Rawhiti Tawhito: I whakaaro a Hegel ko te hītori o te ao i tīmata i te Rawhiti, tae atu ki a Īhipa, Īnia, me Haina. I tēnei wā, kotahi anake te tangata—te kīngi, te emepara rānei—i tino herekore, ko te marea ia i noho i raro i te mana whakahaere.
2. Te ao Kariki me te ao Rōmana: I kitea i tēnei wā ngā whanaketanga o te taumata herekore, i reira he tokomaha ake te tangata i whai mana ki te whai wāhi ki te ao tōrangapū. Heoi anō, kei te herea tonu te herekore ki ētahi momo hapori.
3. Te Ao Karaitiana Tiamana-Pākehā: I kite a Hegel i tēnei wā hei te mutunga o te whanaketanga o te hinengaro tangata. Ki tā Hegel, i kawea mai e te Karaitianatanga he ariā whānui ake mō te herekore takitahi, ā, koinei te wāhanga tino matatau o te hītori o te tangata tae noa ki tēnei wā.
Ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero Hītori i roto i ngā Takahanga Tūturu
He maha ngā tauira a Hegel mō te mahi a te dialectics i roto i ngā tukanga hītori tūturu. Ko tētahi tauira ko ngā kaupapa e pā ana ki te Huringa Wīwī.
1. Kaupapa: Te rangatiratanga tuturu me te riri nui.
2. Te Whakahē: Te Huringa me te Huringa o te kingitanga.
3. Te Hanganga: Te putanga mai o te Repupiripia i muri mai ka whanake hei Emepaea i raro i a Napoleon.
Koinei te tukanga, e ai ki a Hegel, e whakaatu ana me pēhea te puta mai o te pakanga i puta mai i te kore makona ki te pūnaha o nāianei, ka taea ai te whakaputa i tētahi momo pūnaha hou, matatau ake, e kapi ana i ngā wāhanga matua o te ariā me te whakahē.
Te Arotake me te Awe o ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a Hegel
Ahakoa ngā whakamoemiti, kāore i mawhiti te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Hegel i ngā whakahē. Ko ētahi o ngā whakahē matua ko:
1. Whakataunga Hītori: I whakapae ētahi kairīti i a Hegel mō te titiro ki te hītori i runga i te whakatau rawa, me te mea me tupu ia huihuinga hītori i roto i tētahi huarahi motuhake.
2. Te Eurocentrism: I whakapaehia a Hegel mō te aro nui ki te hītori o Ūropi hei tihi o te whanaketanga tangata, me te kore e aro, e whakaiti rānei i ngā takoha a ētahi atu ahurea.
Heoi, he whānui, he hohonu hoki te awe o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Hegel. Ko tētahi o ngā tino tangata i awehia e te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Hegel ko Karl Marx , nāna i whakarerekē, i hanga anō hoki te ariā hei waihanga i te rauemi whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, he huarahi ki te mārama ki te hītori hei pakanga o ngā akomanga pāpori.
Te Hiranga o ngā Whakawhitiwhiti Kōrero a Hegel i te Wā Hou
Mā te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro a Hegel ka puta he huarahi whakaaro hihiri hei whakamārama i ngā kaupapa o mua me ngā pakanga pāpori-tōrangapū. Hei tauira, i roto i te horopaki o ēnei rā, ka kitea te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro i roto i te pakanga i waenga i te pūnaha tāke me te hapori, i roto rānei i te tautohetohe i waenga i te ao whānui me te tiakitanga.
Mā te whakamahi i te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka mārama tātou ehara i te mea me karo noa te pakanga engari he mea whakakorikori hoki mō ngā huringa pāpori nui. Mā te tukanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ka taea e tātou te arotahi ehara i te mea ki te pakanga me ōna rerekētanga anake, engari ki ngā whakataunga pea ka puta mai i ēnei taumahatanga.
Whakamutunga
Ko te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro a Hegel tētahi o ngā ariā tino uaua engari he tino whai hua i roto i te rapunga whakaaro, inā koa mō te mārama ki te hītori. Mā te titiro ki te hītori hei raupapa o ngā pakanga tonu i waenga i ngā whakaaro me te titiro ki ia pakanga hei whai wāhitanga mō te ahunga whakamua, ka tukuna e te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro a Hegel he tirohanga pai engari he tirohanga pono mō te whanaketanga o te tangata.
Ahakoa ngā whakahē mō tana kaupapa whakatau me te kaupapa Eurocentrism, kua horapa haere te awe o Hegel, ā, kua mau tonu, inā koa i roto i ngā mara o te rapunga whakaaro pāpori me te ariā tōrangapū. I tēnei wā hou o te pakanga me te huringa, kei te whai tikanga tonu te tikanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero a Hegel hei taputapu tātari mō te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga hītori me te pāpori.
I te nuinga, ko te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro a Hegel e whakarato ana i tētahi anga kaha mō te mārama ehara te hītori i te mea hanga noa iho o te whakaaro auaha, engari he tukanga whaitake, e akiakihia ana e te whanaketanga o ngā whakaaro e ahu mai ana i te herekoretanga me te hinengaro teitei ake.
