# Te Awe o te Arorangi ki te Mārama ki te Hītori
He kaupapa pūtaiao te whaipara tangata e ako ana i te tangata me ō rātou iwi mā te tātari i ngā taonga i mahue iho, i tanumia rānei ki ngā wāhi rerekē. Kei roto i ēnei taonga ngā taonga tuku iho, ngā whare, ngā kōiwi tawhito, me ngā momo toenga rauemi. He mea nui te whaipara tangata ki te mārama ki te hītori, e whakarato ana i ngā taunakitanga e taea ai te whakamahi hei hanga i ngā kōrero hītori tika ake, whānui ake hoki.
## He Hītori Poto o te Arorangi
I mua i te tīmatanga o te whaipara tangata, i whakawhirinaki ngā hapori ki ngā tuhinga me ngā tuhinga ā-waha hei hanga anō i ō rātou hītori. Heoi, he maha ngā wā i pāngia ai ēnei tuhinga e tētahi whakaaro pākiki, i runga i te tangata nāna i tuhi, me te kaupapa hoki. I te haere tonu o te wā, ka ara ake te hiahia kia mārama ake ki te hītori o te tangata . I tīmata te whaipara tangata hou ki te whai pakiaka i te rautau 19, i whakakahangia e ngā kitenga nui pērā i ngā mea o Īhipa onamata , o Mesopotamia, me ngā wāhi onamata i Ūropi.
I ngā whanaketanga o muri ake nei, kua noho te whaipara tangata hei kaupapa pūtaiao e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga matatau pēnei i te tātari waro-14, ngā rangahau whenua, me te hangarau whakaahua mamati hei whakatau i te pakeke me te whai i ngā taonga tuku iho.
## Tikanga Whaipara Tangata
He maha ngā wāhanga o te tikanga keri whenua, tae atu ki te keri, te tātari, te whakamārama, me te hanga anō i ngā kōrero tuku iho. Ko te keri whenua te wāhanga tuatahi e tangohia ana e ngā tohunga keri whenua ngā taonga tuku iho mai i ngā paparanga oneone e tika ana. Kātahi ka whakahaerehia he tātari taiwhanga hei whakatau i te pakeke, te takenga mai, me te mahi o ngā taonga tuku iho.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka whakamahia hoki e te whaipara tangata te tātaritanga horopaki, arā, ko te mārama ki ngā taonga tuku iho e pā ana ki ētahi atu taonga tuku iho me tō rātou taiao e karapoti ana. Mā tēnei huarahi, ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te tautuhi i ngā tauira ahurea, hangarau, me te pāpori i noho i roto i tētahi ao i mua.
He āwhina nui anō hoki te hangarau hou ki te rangahau whaipara tangata. Hei tauira, mā ngā tikanga whakatau tau pēnei i te whakatau tau radiocarbon me te dendrochronology ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te whakatau tau tika ake i ngā taonga kua kitea. Mā ngā tikanga rangahau whenua, pēnei i te radar uru whenua, ka taea e tātou te "kite" i raro i te mata me te kore e keri, ā, ka whakaitihia te tūponotanga o te kino ki ngā wāhi tawhito.
## Te Awe o te Arorangi ki te Mārama ki te Hītori
### Te hura i ngā iwi ngaro
Ko tētahi o ngā takoha nui a te whaipara tangata ko tōna kaha ki te hura i ngā iwi kua ngaro, kua kore rānei i mōhiotia i mua. Hei tauira, ko te kitenga o ngā tāone tawhito pērā i a Teotihuacan i Mexico, a Mohenjo-Daro me Harappa i te Indus Valley, me ngā tāone Sumeria o Mesopotamia. Nā ēnei kitenga kua whakarei ake i tō tātou mōhiotanga ki te whanaketanga ahurea, te hangarau, me te whakaritenga pāpori o ngā iwi maha o te ao.
### Te Arotake i ngā Kōrero Hītori
He mea nui anō hoki te mahi whaipara tangata ki te whakahou i ngā kōrero tuku iho o nāianei. Hei tauira, i mua i te kitenga o te wāhi whaipara tangata o Gobekli Tepe i Turkey, he tokomaha ngā kaituhi hītori i whakapono i tīmata te ao tangata i muri i te hurihanga ahuwhenua. Heoi, e whakaatu ana a Gobekli Tepe, neke atu i te 11.000 tau te pakeke, i taea e ngā hapori kaiwhaiwhai-kohikohi te hanga i ngā hanganga nui whakaharahara i mua noa atu i te taenga mai o te ahuwhenua. E whakaatu ana tēnei i te uauatanga pāpori me te whakapono i mua i te noho o te tangata me te tīmata ki te whakatipu hua.
### Te Whakaoti i ngā Rekoata Hītori
He maha ngā wā, kāore ngā tuhinga i tuhia e whakarato i te pikitia katoa o tētahi kaupapa hītori. Hei tauira, he maha ngā kōrero hītori i tuhia mai i te tirohanga a ngā rangatira, a ngā rangatira rānei, engari ko te oranga o ia rā o te tangata noa ka warewarehia. Mā te rangahau whaipara tangata ka whakakīia tēnei āputa mā te ako i ngā toenga taonga e whakaata ana i te oranga o ia rā, pērā i ngā taputapu o te whare, ngā hanganga nohoanga, me ngā urupā.
### Te Mārama ki ngā Āhuatanga Taiao
Mā te whaipara tangata anō hoki tātou e āwhina ki te mārama ki te pānga o ngā huringa taiao ki te ao tangata. Hei tauira, mā ngā rangahau paleoarchaeological e whakamahi ngā kōiwi me ngā raraunga taiao hei mārama ki te huringa āhuarangi me tōna pānga ki te whanaketanga tangata. Hei tauira, e whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga whaipara tangata nā ngā huringa āhuarangi nui i te mutunga o te wā hukapapa whakamutunga i akiaki te maha o ngā hapori tangata ki te urutau ki ngā taiao hou, e akiaki ana i ngā auahatanga hangarau me te whakaritenga pāpori.
### Tirohanga Maha-mātauranga
Ko tētahi o ngā kaha nui o te whaipara tangata ko tana huarahi maha-mātauranga. Ehara i te mea ko te pūtaiao hītori anake te mea e whakawhirinaki ana tēnei kaupapa engari ko te matawhenua, te mātauranga tangata, te matū, te koiora, me ētahi atu pūtaiao hei whakarato i tētahi pikitia whānui ake o tō tātou hītori. Mā tēnei mahi tahi ka taea te rangahau whānui ake, me te whakamana raraunga kaha ake.
### Ngā Whakahē me ngā Tikanga Matatika i roto i te Arorangi
Ahakoa ōna painga maha, kāore te whaipara tangata i te kore tautohetohe me ngā take matatika. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka taupatupatu te keri i ngā wāhi tawhito ki ngā painga o ngā hapori o te rohe, o ngā kaipupuri whenua rānei. Tērā anō hoki ngā take e pā ana ki te whakahokinga mai o ngā taonga kua haria ki tāwāhi, he maha ngā wā kāore he whakaaetanga tika. Hei whakautu, he maha ngā tohunga whaipara tangata kei te whakamahi i tētahi huarahi matatika ake mā te mahi tahi me ngā hapori o te rohe me te mahi tahi me ngā mana whakahaere o te rohe.
### Te Anamata o te Arorangi
Kei te piki haere te tūmanako o te heke mai o te whaipara tangata me ngā whanaketanga hangarau. Hei tauira, mā te hangarau taraka hiko , ka taea te tere ake me te whai hua ake o ngā rangahau ki ngā wāhi whānui. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tātari pēnei i te ako mīhini me ngā raraunga nui ka huaki ake ngā whai wāhitanga hou mō te tātari hohonu me te tere o ngā raraunga whaipara tangata.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei reira ngā kaupapa hei tiaki i ngā wāhi keri whenua mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matihiko, pērā i te whakatauira 3D me te mooni mariko. Ehara i te mea ko te tiaki i te taonga tuku iho ahurea anake ēnei kaupapa engari ka ngāwari ake te uru atu ki te marea, ā, ka tautoko hoki i te mātauranga hītori puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā hunga whakarongo.
## Whakamutunga
He nui te takoha a te whaipara tangata ki te mārama ki te hītori o te tangata. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga matatau me te huarahi maha-mātauranga, kua āwhina te whaipara tangata ki te hura i ngā iwi ngaro, te whakahou i ngā kōrero hītori, te tāpiri i ngā tuhinga tuhituhi, me te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga taiao. Ahakoa ngā take matatika me ngā tautohetohe maha, kei te whanake tonu tēnei kaupapa i te taha o ngā whanaketanga hangarau.
I a tātou e titiro whakamua ana, e tūmanakohia ana ka whakaratohia e te rangahau whaipara tangata he piriti kaha ake i waenganui i te hītori me te ao o nāianei, hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā uauatanga o te oranga tangata me te pēhea e taea ai e tātou te ako mai i te hītori hei hanga i tētahi ao pai ake. Nō reira, ehara i te mea ko te keri noa i ngā wāhi, te tātari rānei i ngā taonga tuku iho te kaupapa whaipara tangata, engari he mea nui anō hoki ki te hanga i tō tātou tuakiri me te taonga tuku iho ahurea hei iwi.
