Te Whaipara Tangata me te Ako i ngā Iwi Onamata
Ko te whaipara tangata te ako i ngā mea o mua mā te tātari i ngā toenga taonga i mahue iho i te tangata. Mā te rangahau whaipara tangata, ka taea e tātou te ruku hohonu ki roto i ngā oranga, ngā ahurea, me ngā hangarau o ngā iwi tawhito kua waiho i ō rātou tohu ki ngā wāhi maha o te ao. Ehara i te mea he mea nui noa iho tēnei mara ako mō te mārama ki te hītori o te tangata, engari he māramatanga anō hoki ki te whanaketanga me te oranga o ngā iwi, me ngā āhuatanga i arahi ai ki tō rātou pikinga me te hinganga.
Te Hiranga o te Arorangi i roto i te Akoranga o ngā Iwi Onamata
Kua waihotia mai e ngā iwi onamata pērā i a Īhipa, Mehopotamia, Kariki, Rōma, me ētahi atu he taonga tuku iho whai rawa, whai whānui hoki. Heoi, kia mārama ake ai ō rātou oranga me ō rātou hapori, kāore e taea te whakawhirinaki anake ki ngā tuhinga onamata, ki ngā tuhinga hītori rānei. Kei te noho te whaipara tangata hei kaupapa e tautoko ana i tēnei māramatanga mā te keri i ngā wāhi onamata me te ako i ngā taonga tuku iho, ngā hanganga hanga, me ētahi atu toenga.
Ko tētahi tauira motuhake o tōna tūranga ko te ako i Īhipa Onamata. Ahakoa e whakarato ana ngā tuhituhinga me ngā tuhinga onamata i ngā kōrero mō ngā whānau rangatira, ngā atua, me ngā mahi whakapono, mā te keri i ngā piramita, ngā urupā, me ngā temepara, ka āwhina te whaipara tangata ki te whakaatu i te noho o te tangata i ō rātou oranga o ia rā, te āhua o ngā tukanga hanga, me ngā hangarau i a rātou me ā rātou whakamahinga.
Ngā Tikanga me ngā Tikanga i roto i te Arorangi
He maha ngā tikanga me ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana e te whaipara tangata o ēnei rā hei keri me te tātari i ngā wāhi tawhito. Ehara i te mea ko ngā koko me ngā paraihe anake ngā tikanga keri, engari ko te whakamahere me te tika hoki. Ka tīpakohia ngā wāhi keri i runga i ngā rangahau tuatahi me ngā rangahau ā-whenua.
Ko tētahi whanaketanga hangarau nui ko te whakamahinga o te hangarau LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te mahere i te mata o te whenua me ngā hanganga o raro me te tino tika, me te kore e keri tika. Mā tēnei ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te tiki whakaahua toru-ahu o ngā wāhi tawhito, he mea tino whai hua mō te tautuhi i ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia kerihia anō.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko te tātari stratigraphic, arā, te ako i ngā paparanga oneone i tētahi wāhi keri. Ko ia paparanga oneone e tohu ana i tētahi wā motuhake; mā te ako i ēnei paparanga, ka taea e ngā tohunga whaipara tangata te whakatau i te raupapatanga o ngā taonga i kitea.
Te Hiranga o te Taonga Tawhito
He mea hanga e te tangata ngā taonga tuku iho, mai i ngā taputapu kōhatu me ngā uku ki ngā whakapaipai me ngā whare. He taunakitanga tūturu ngā taonga tuku iho mō te oranga o ia rā o ngā iwi onamata. Hei tauira, ko ngā kitenga o ngā uku, o ngā taputapu kōhatu rānei, e whakaatu ana i ā rātou hangarau me ā rātou mahi tunu kai, hopu manu, me te māra.
Ko tētahi tauira nui ko te kitenga o te tāone o Pompeii, i tanumia e te pahūtanga o Maunga Vesuvius i te tau 79 AD. Mā ngā kerihanga i Pompeii ka kitea te āhua o te oranga o ia rā i te tāone Rōmana i taua wā. Mai i ngā whare, ngā tiriti, tae noa ki ngā tuhituhinga i runga i ngā pakitara, ka taea e tātou te mārama hohonu ki ō rātou āhua noho.
Te Awe o te Taiao ki ngā Iwi Onamata
He mea nui te taiao i roto i te pikinga me te hinganga o ngā iwi onamata. Hei tauira, i tupu te iwi o Īhipa onamata i te taha o te awa o te Nile. Ehara i te mea ko te wai anake te puna wai mō te ahuwhenua, engari i tautoko nui hoki i te hokohoko me te kawe waka. Heoi, ko ngā rerekētanga o te āhuarangi, ngā huringa rānei o te rere o te awa, ka pā nui ki te oranga i te taha o te awa.
I whakawhirinaki nui hoki a Mesopotamia, e kiia ana ko te "pokapū o te ao tūroa", ki ngā awa o Tigris me Uparati. I whakawhanakehia ngā pūnaha whakamakuku matatini hei tautoko i te ahuwhenua i te rohe. Heoi, ko te huringa āhuarangi me te pirau o te taiao he maha ngā wā ka heke te hua ahuwhenua, ā, ka mutu, ka hinga ngā ao tūroa.
Kua whakakitea mai e ngā rangahau whaipara tangata i ngā rohe maroke o te Middle East te pakanga o tēnei emepaea ki te whakahekenga o te whenua me te korenga o te wai. Mā te rangahau i ngā nohoanga tawhito i ngā wāhi e kiia nei ko Īrāki me Hīria i ēnei rā ka kitea te huarahi i aro atu ai ngā hapori ki ngā wero taiao me te pānga o te huringa taiao ki tō rātou pumau pāpori me te pumau tōrangapū.
Ngā Toi Ataahua me te Hoahoa Whare o ngā Iwi Onamata
He mea nui ngā mahi toi me ngā hoahoanga o tētahi ao whānui, ā, e whakarato ana i te māramatanga ki ōna uara, ōna whakapono, me ōna hangarau. Hei tauira, ko ngā hoahoanga o Īhipa onamata, me ōna piramita me ōna temepara whakamiharo, e whakaata ana i ō rātou pūkenga hangarau me ō rātou whakapono ki te ao kei muri i te ao.
Ko tētahi wāhi whaipara tangata whakamiharo ko te tāone Inca o Machu Picchu i Peru. I hangaia i te rautau 15, ko ngā hanganga me te whakatakotoranga o te tāone e whakaatu ana i ngā tikanga hanga kohatu matatau a te iwi Inca, kāore he moata, me tō rātou kaha ki te whakamahi i te whenua maunga o Andean e kore e taea te matapae.
Waihoki, ko ngā mahi toi Kariki onamata ehara i te mea ko ngā whakairo me ngā peita anake engari ko ngā hoahoanga anō hoki, pērā i ngā temepara whakahīhī o Ātene. E whakaata ana ēnei mahi toi i te whakapaipai hangarau, te ataahua o te āhua, me ngā kōrero mō ngā atua me ngā toa i roto i ā rātou pūrākau.
Rangahau me ngā Tikanga Matatika i roto i te Whaipara Tangata
He wāhanga nui ngā tikanga matatika o te whaipara tangata. Nā te mea he keri ngā wāhi whai tikanga hītori me ngā wāhi ahurea i roto i te whaipara tangata, he kawenga nui kei reira ki te tiaki i ngā wāhi me te whakaute i te tuakiri ahurea o ngā hapori e whai wāhi ana. Ka taea e te keri kore kawenga te kino i ngā wāhi me te ngaro i ngā mōhiohio e tika ana mō tō tātou māramatanga ki ngā mea o mua.
Kei te piki haere te mahi tahi a ngā kaimātai whaipara tangata me ngā hapori o te rohe kia kore ai e whiwhi whakaaetanga anake ā rātou rangahau, engari kia whiwhi tautoko hoki te marea. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake ēnei mahi tahi i te haumaru o te papaanga, engari ka whakamanahia hoki ngā hapori ki te whai wāhi kaha ki te tiaki i ō rātou taonga tuku iho.
Whakamutunga
He kaupapa ako te whaipara tangata e whakarato ana i tētahi matapihi ki te hītori me te māramatanga ki te whanaketanga o te ao tangata. Mai i Ihipa me ōna piramita whakahīhī, ki Mesopotamia me ōna auahatanga whakamakuku, ki Kariki me Rōma me ā rātou toi me ngā hoahoanga whakamiharo, ka homai e ngā toenga o mua he māramatanga tino nui ki a tātou. Ehara i te mea ko te whaipara tangata anake te mea e tautoko ana i ngā tuhinga hītori engari e whakarato ana hoki i tētahi whānuitanga whai rawa atu mā roto i ngā taunakitanga tūturu o ngā oranga, ngā hangarau, me ngā whakapono o ngā iwi onamata.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā momo tikanga me ngā tikanga hou, ka whanake tonu tēnei kaupapa, ka hurahia ngā mea ngaro o ngā iwi o mua. Mā te rangahau tonu me te huarahi matatika, ka whakarite te whaipara tangata kia mārama te taonga tuku iho o te tangata, kia tiakina hoki mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
