Te Oranga o te Tangata i te Wā Paleolithic
Ko te Paleolithic, te Wā Kōhatu Tawhito rānei, tētahi o ngā wā roa rawa atu o te hītori o te tangata. He roa rawa te wā i roa ai tēnei wā, i mua noa atu i te mōhio o te tangata ki te tuhituhi, ki te ahuwhenua, ki te mahi whakarewa rānei. He tūāpapa nui te Paleolithic mō te whanaketanga o te ao tūroa, nā te mea i tēnei wā ka tīmata te tangata ki te whakawhanake i ngā tikanga taketake o te noho: te hopu manu, te kohikohi, te noho rōpū, me te urutau ki te taiao uaua. Hei mārama ki te oranga o te tangata i tēnei wā, me tirotiro tātou i ngā āhuatanga o te taiao, ngā momo noho, ngā taputapu i whakamahia, me ngā āhua pāpori me ngā ahurea i whanake.
Te whakamāramatanga me te roanga o te wā o te Paleolithic
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te Paleolithic e pā ana ki te wā i whakamahia ai e te tangata ngā taputapu kōhatu māmā i hangaia mā te patu, mā te wetewete rānei. I roto i ngā wā o mua, ko te Paleolithic te wāhanga tōmua o te Wā Kōhatu, i mua i te Mesolithic me te Neolithic. I roa tēnei wā mai i te 2,6 miriona tau ki muri ki te 10.000 tau ki muri, ahakoa ka rerekē te wā tika i runga i te rohe me ngā kitenga keriwhenua.
E toru ngā wāhanga o te Paleolithic: Te Paleolithic Tīmata, Te Paleolithic Waenga, me Te Paleolithic Whakamutunga. Mā tēnei wāhanga ka āwhina ngā kairangahau ki te whai i ngā huringa hangarau, ngā momo tangata o mua, me te whanaketanga āta haere o ngā momo noho.
Te taiao me ngā wero taiao
He rerekē rawa ngā āhuatanga taiao o te tangata Paleolithic i ērā o ēnei rā. I pāngia te āhuarangi o te Ao e ngā huringa nui, tae atu ki ngā wā hukapapa (ngā wā hukapapa), i te wā i tino heke ai te pāmahana, ā, i kapi hoki ngā wāhi nui i te hukapapa. Nā ēnei huringa āhuarangi i pā te horapa o ngā kararehe mohoao, ngā momo tipu, me ngā nohoanga noho.
Nā te mea i tino whakawhirinaki rātou ki te taiao, i tika kia aro nui ngā tāngata Paleolithic ki ngā wā o te tau, ki ngā hekenga kararehe, me ngā puna wai. I haereere tonu rātou, i rapu i ngā wāhi haumaru, whai kai hoki. Ko te oranga tonutanga i whakawhirinaki nui ki te kaha ki te pānui i ngā tohu taiao, ki te mahi tahi i roto i ngā rōpū, me te whakamahi i ngā rauemi e karapoti ana i a rātou.
Te āhua noho: te hopu manu me te kohikohi
Ko te āhuatanga matua o te tangata Paleolithic ko te noho haereere noa, te nekeneke haere mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi. Kāore rātou i te mōhio ki te ahuwhenua me te mahi kararehe, nō reira e rua ngā tikanga matua i whiwhi ai rātou i te kai: te hopu kararehe me te kohi tipu mohoao.
Ko ngā kararehe i hopukina ko ngā tia, ngā kaupō mohoao, ngā poaka mohoao, tae atu ki ngā kararehe nunui, i runga i te rohe. Ko ngā hua rākau, ngā kūmara, ngā nati, ngā rau, tae atu ki te honi i kohia. I tino pāngia ngā kai a te tangata i te wā Paleolithic e te wātea o ngā rauemi o te rohe.
Nā te mea kāore e wātea ana te kai i ngā wā katoa, ka noho ko te nekenekehanga hei rautaki matua. Ko te tikanga ka noho rātou mō te wā poto i roto i ngā ana, i ngā kapiti toka, i ngā wāhi tuwhera rānei he piringa taiao. Ina kore e nui ngā puna kai, ka neke te rōpū ki tētahi atu wāhi.
Kei hea te noho me te pehea te ora
Kāore i te tūturu ngā kāinga noho o te tangata i te wā Paleolithic. I ētahi wāhi, he pai ngā ana nā te mea he ārai i te ua, te hau, me ngā kararehe mohoao. Heoi, kāore i te katoa o ngā rōpū i noho ki ngā ana; he maha hoki i whakamahi i ngā piringa ngāwari i hangaia ki ngā hiako kararehe, ngā manga, me ngā rau, inā koa i ngā wāhi tuwhera.
Haunga te whare noho, ko te kaha ki te hanga ahi tētahi o ngā whakatutukitanga nui o te wā Paleolithic. Nā te ahi i āwhina te tangata ki te whakamahana i ō rātou tinana, ki te tunu kai ngāwari ake, ki te ārai i ngā kaipahua, me te whakarato māramatanga i te pō. Nā te kaha ki te whakahaere i te ahi i taea ai e te tangata te ora i ngā rohe makariri i te kino haere o te āhuarangi.
Ko ngā kākahu i hangaia pea i ngā hiako kararehe i hopukina. Ahakoa he māmā noa iho, he mea nui te kākahu hei tiaki i te tinana mai i te huarere kino me ngā whara i te wā e hopu manu ana.
Ngā taputapu kōhatu me ngā whanaketanga hangarau
He māmā noa iho te hangarau o taua wā, engari he mea nui ki te oranga tonutanga. I hangaia ngā taputapu kōhatu o te wā Paleolithic mai i ngā kōhatu mārō pērā i te kiripaka, te obsidian, me ētahi atu mea rite, he ngāwari ki te pakaru. He maha ngā āhua o ēnei, mai i ngā toki ringaringa me ngā taputapu pakaru ki ngā maripi kōhatu, tae noa ki ngā hama.
Ko te toki ringaringa tētahi o ngā taputapu tino mōhiotia, e whakamahia ana mō te tapahi mīti, te tihore i te kiri kararehe, te pakaru rānei i ngā wheua hei tango i te hinu wheua. I roto i te wā, ka koi ake, ka motuhake ake ngā taputapu. I te Waenganui me te Waenganui o te Paleolithic, ka tīmata te tangata ki te hanga mata, taputapu wheua, me ngā ngira māmā, e tohu ana i te whanaketanga o ngā pūkenga me ngā mea e hiahiatia ana he uaua ake.
E whakaata ana hoki ngā whanaketanga hangarau i te pikinga ake o ngā pūkenga hinengaro o te tangata. Me whakamahere, me pūkenga ā-ringa, me te mōhio ki ngā rauemi te hanga taputapu.
Te oranga pāpori: te mahi tahi me te wehewehe i ngā tūranga
I noho ngā tāngata Paleolithic i roto i ngā rōpū iti, he maha ngā whānau i te nuinga o te wā. He maha ngā painga o te noho rōpū: he whai hua ake te hopu kararehe nunui, he nui ake te tiaki i a rātou mai i ngā kaipahua, me te nui ake o te manaaki i ngā mema o te rōpū e mate ana, e ngoikore ana rānei.
I te nuinga o te wā, i noho tonu ngā wehenga tūranga, ahakoa kāore e taea te whakarite ki ngā pūnaha hou. I te nuinga o te wā, ko ētahi mema i whaiwhai, ko ētahi i kohikohi, i tiaki tamariki. Heoi, e whakanui ana ngā kairangahau he rerekē pea ngā wehenga tūranga i waenga i ngā rōpū me ngā rohe.
E whakaarohia ana hoki i whanake te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero me te reo i tēnei wā. Ahakoa kāore anō kia rite ki te reo o ēnei rā, he mea nui ngā pūkenga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō te mahi tahi i te wā e hopu manu ana, e whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ana, e hanga hononga pāpori ana hoki.
Ahurea me ngā whakapono o mua
Ahakoa ō rātou momo noho māmā, ehara i te mea ko te oranga noa iho o te tangata Paleolithic. E whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga keriwhenua i te whanaketanga o te ahurea me ngā tohu. I te Paleolithic Whakamutunga, i kitea ngā peita ana e whakaatu ana i ngā kararehe i hopukia, ngā tauira motuhake, me ngā tohu e whakaarohia ana he tikanga karakia, he tikanga wairua rānei. Kua kitea ēnei peita i ngā wāhi rerekē o te ao, e tohu ana kua tīmata te tangata ki te whakapuaki i ō rātou whakaaro me ō rātou whakaaro.
Haunga ngā mahi toi, kua kitea anō hoki ngā tikanga nehunga i ētahi wāhi onamata. E whakaatu ana ngā nehunga he ariā tō te tangata mō te mate, he whakaute ki ngā mema o te rōpū, ā, tera pea he whakapono mō te ao i muri i te matenga. I ētahi kitenga, i tanumia ngā tinana me ngā taonga motuhake, e tohu ana i ngā kawa.
Ngā tāngata Paleolithic i te rohe o Initonīhia
I Initonīhia, ka kitea ngā tohu o te Paleolithic mā te kitenga o ngā kōiwi tangata tawhito me ngā taputapu kōhatu. Ko ētahi o ngā momo tangata tawhito rongonui ko Homo erectus, i kitea nuitia i Sangiran me Trinil (Java). Kua kitea hoki ngā taputapu kōhatu Paleolithic i ngā rohe maha, pērā i a Pacitan, e mōhiotia ana mō āna mahi tapatapahi me te mahi kirikiri.
E whakaarohia ana kāore i tino rerekē ō rātou oranga i ngā momo oranga o te wā Paleolithic whānui: te hopu manu, te kohikohi kai, te noho haereere, me te whakamahi i ngā taiao o ngā awa, o ngā awaawa rānei e whai rawa ana i ngā rauemi.
Te Katinga
He kōrero roa te oranga o te tangata i te wā Paleolithic mō te urutau me te manawanui. Mā ngā taputapu kōhatu māmā, ka taea e te tangata te ora i te huringa āhuarangi, i ngā kaipahua, me ngā rauemi kai iti. I noho haereere rātou, i whakawhirinaki ki te hopu me te kohikohi, me te whakawhanake i te mahi tahi pāpori i waiho hei tūāpapa mō te whanaketanga o te hapori tangata.
Ehara i te wā "tūturu" noa iho, he wā nui te Paleolithic i ako ai te tangata ki te whakamahi i te hangarau, ki te whakahaere i te ahi, ki te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te tīmata ki te whakapuaki i a rātou anō i roto i ngā tikanga ahurea. Mai i tēnei wā i tīmata ai te haerenga roa ki te ao hou—āta haere engari he pono, mā roto i ngā takahanga iti i whakatau i te heke mai o te tangata.
