Ngā Hanganga Ariā mō te Iwi me te Iwitanga
Pendahuluan
I roto i ngā rangahau pūtaiao pāpori, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā kupu iwi me te iwi taketake hei whakaahua i te kanorau o te tangata i runga i te takenga mai, te ahurea, te reo, me te tuakiri ā-rōpū. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngātahitia i roto i ngā kōrero o ia rā, he rerekē ngā tikanga ariā o ēnei e rua, ā, he pānga ariā me te tōrangapū hoki. Ko te mārama ki ngā "hanganga ariā" o te iwi me te iwi taketake ko te tikanga kia kaua e kite noa i a rātou hei meka koiora, hei tapanga whakahaere rānei, engari hei hua o ngā tukanga pāpori, hītori, me te tōrangapū e hanga ana i te āhua o te whakarōpūtanga a te tangata i a rātou anō me ētahi atu. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā pūtake ariā o te iwi me te iwi taketake, me pēhea te mārama o ngā kaipūtaiao pāpori ki a rātou, me pēhea hoki rātou. kei te whakahaerehia te ariā i roto i te hapori hou.
Te Iwi hei Kāwai Hapori me te Ahurea
Ko te kupu "iwi" i roto i te horopaki Initonīhia e pā ana ki ngā rōpū pāpori e whai pūtake ōrite ana, e reo ā-rohe ana, e tikanga ana, me ngā pūnaha uara. Heoi, i roto i te ariā, ehara i te mea he kāwai koretake te "iwi". I roto i te mātauranga tangata tawhito, e māramahia ana ngā iwi hei wāhanga pāpori tuku iho e noho ana i roto i tētahi rohe motuhake, he hanganga whanaungatanga kaha, ā, he "ōrite" te ahurea. I tino awehia tēnei tirohanga e ngā huarahi whanaketanga me ngā huarahi mahi a te mātauranga tangata o mua, i whakanoho i ngā hapori ki te tauine whanaketanga mai i te "māmā" ki te "uaua".
Ko te raruraru, he maha ngā wā ka māmā ake te āhua o te ao i tēnei huarahi. I roto i te mahi, kāore ngā rōpū e kiia nei ko ngā "iwi" i te noho ōrite tonu, i te noho motuhake, ā, kāore i te mārama tonu ngā rohe. He maha ngā rōpū e pāngia ana e te nekenekehanga, te marenatanga, me te whakawhitiwhiti ahurea puta noa i te rohe . Nō reira, e whakapono ana ētahi kaipūtaiao pāpori he tika ake te māramatanga o te "iwi" hei wāhanga pāpori-ahurea i hangaia i roto i te hītori roa o te taunekeneke, tae atu ki ngā wheako o te koroni, te hanganga o ngā whenua-iwi, me ngā kaupapa here whakahaere taupori.
Te Iwi hei Tuakiri Hihiri
He rerekē tēnei i te "iwi," e māramahia ana he rōpū ahurea, he maha ake te whakamahinga o te iwi hei whakanui i ngā āhuatanga o te tuakiri me ngā whanaungatanga pāpori. Ko te iwi te huarahi e tautuhi ai ngā tāngata takitahi me ngā rōpū i a rātou anō—me te tautuhi hoki a ētahi atu i a rātou anō—i runga i ngā tohu pēnei i te reo, te whakapono, ngā tikanga tuku iho, ngā maharatanga hītori, te takenga whenua, tae atu ki ngā tohu motuhake pēnei i te kākahu me te kai.
I roto i te ariā pāpori o nāianei, ka tirohia te iwitanga he mea hihiri, he mea horopaki hoki. Ko te tikanga o tēnei , ka taea e te tuakiri iwitanga te whakakaha, te ngoikore rānei i runga i te āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ka taea e te tangata te whakaaro he "nui ake tōna iwitanga" ina noho ia i roto i te taiao tokoiti, ina tūtaki rānei ki te whakahāwea. I tetahi atu taha, ka iti ake te kitea o te tuakiri iwitanga ina noho ia i roto i te wāhi pāpori e whakanui ana i ētahi atu āhuatanga ōrite, pērā i te mahi, te karaehe pāpori, te iwitanga rānei.
Te Tūāpapa Taketake: Te Iwi hei Here "Tangata Nōna"
Ko tētahi o ngā huarahi ariā tuatahi ki te mārama ki te iwi taketake ko te primordialism. E titiro ana tēnei tirohanga ki te tuakiri iwi taketake hei hononga taketake i roto i te tangata mai i te whānautanga—he hononga e hono ana i te toto, te whakapapa, te reo whaea, me ngā tikanga tuku iho a ngā tūpuna. E ai ki tēnei tirohanga, he kaha ngā hononga iwi taketake, he kare ā-roto, ā, he ātete ki te huringa nā te mea kua mau ki roto i ngā wheako o te ao mai i te tamarikitanga.
Mā te kaupapa taketake ka whakamārama he aha te kaha o te kotahitanga ā-iwi, hei tauira i roto i ngā āhuatanga pakanga, whakataetae rānei mō ngā rauemi. Heoi, ko tētahi whakahē nui ki tēnei huarahi ko tōna āhua ki te titiro ki te iwi he mea pumau, he "taiao", ahakoa he nui ngā taunakitanga e whakaatu ana ka taea te huri i ngā tuakiri ā-iwi, te whiriwhiri, me te "hanga anō" i runga i ngā hiahia pāpori me te tōrangapū.
Te Whakamahinga Iwi: Te Iwi hei Taputapu Tōrangapū me te Ōhanga
He rerekē te whakaaro ki te tikanga taketake, e titiro ana te tikanga taputapu ki te iwi hei rauemi rautaki. Ka taea te whakamahi i te tuakiri iwi hei taputapu hei whiwhi tautoko tōrangapū, hei urunga ōhanga, hei painga pāpori rānei. Mai i tēnei tirohanga, ka taea e ngā rangatira tōrangapū, e ngā kaiārahi rōpū rānei te whakahohe i ngā tohu iwi hei hanga i te kotahitanga, hei whakaoho i te marea, hei whakapakari i tō rātou tūranga tauhokohoko.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā taputapu ka kitea te kaha o te iwi i ngā wā pōtitanga, i te wā e tohatoha ana i ngā āwhina, i ngā wā rānei e puta ai ngā pakanga pānga i waenga i ngā rōpū. Kāore te iwi e ngaro, engari ka "whakahohehia" i ngā wā motuhake nā te mea he painga mahi tōna. Ko tētahi whakahē i tēnei huarahi ko te mōrearea o te whakaiti i te tuakiri iwi hei mahi tinihanga noa iho a te hunga rangatira, engari mō te tini, he wheako hinengaro me te ahurea tūturu anō hoki te iwi.
Te Hangahanga: Te Iwi hei Huanga Hanganga Hapori
Ko te ariā hanga-whakaaro tētahi huarahi tino whai mana i ngā tekau tau tata nei. E whakanui ana tēnei tirohanga ehara te iwi i te mea "tūturu" engari he mea hanga mā roto i ngā tukanga pāpori uaua: te mātauranga, ngā pāpāho, ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga, ngā hītori hekenga, me ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā rōpū. Ka whakaputahia, ka tāruatia hoki ngā tuakiri iwi mā roto i ngā kōrero, ngā tohu, me ngā tikanga ahurea e tohaina ana.
E whakanui ana hoki te ariā hanga-ā-iwi ehara ngā rohe iwi i te mea pumau; he mea hanga mā te tukanga "rerekētanga." Ko tētahi takoha nui ki te ako i te iwi ko te whakaaro ko te mea nui ehara i te ihirangi ahurea o tētahi rōpū, engari ko ngā rohe pāpori e wehewehe ana i a "tātou" i a "rātou." Ka taea te pupuri i ēnei rohe mā te marena uri-ira, ngā momo whakaaro tawhito, ngā ture tikanga, te wehewehe pāpori rānei.
Iwi, Iwi, me te Iwi-Kāwanatanga
I roto i te horopaki o ēnei rā, kāore e taea te wehe i ngā kōrero mō te iwi me te iwi taketake mai i ngā ariā o te iwi me te whenua-motu. Kua honoa te iwi ki ngā rerekētanga ā-tinana i ngā wā o mua, engari he tokomaha ngā tohunga e whakaae ana he hanganga pāpori anō hoki te iwi taketake—nā te hītori koroni me ngā taumata mana i hangaia. I ētahi wā ka "whakakotahitia" te iwi taketake ina whakamahia ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana hei whakamana i te rerekētanga o te maimoatanga ki ētahi rōpū.
He mahi nui anō tā ngā whenua-iwi ki te hanga tuakiri. Mā roto i ngā tatauranga, te mātauranga, ngā kaupapa here reo, me te whakahaere rohe, ka taea e ngā whenua te whakarōpū i ngā taupori ki ngā kāwai motuhake. I ētahi wā, ka akiaki ngā whenua i te whakaurunga hei whakaaro mō te kotahitanga o te motu; i ētahi atu wā, ka whakaae rātou ki te maha o ngā tāngata mā te mana motuhake ā-rohe, te whakamana i ngā hapori taketake, te tiaki rānei i ngā iwi tokoiti. Nō reira, ehara i te mea he take ahurea anake te iwi me te iwi taketake, engari e pā ana hoki ki te kāwanatanga, te mana, me ngā tika o ngā tāngata whenua.
Ngā Tuakiri Papa me te Whakawhitiwhitinga
Kāore he tuakiri kotahi o te tangata takitahi. Ka taea e te tangata te noho ki tētahi iwi motuhake, ki tētahi tuakiri iwi, whakapono rānei, ā, i te wā kotahi ka noho ki tētahi akomanga pāpori, ira tangata, me te whakatipuranga motuhake. Mā te ariā o te whakawhitiwhitinga ka āwhina i te mārama ki te hononga me te whakaputa i ngā wheako pāpori ahurei o ēnei tuakiri. Hei tauira, ko ngā wheako o te wahine nō tētahi rōpū iwi tokoiti ka rerekē i ngā wheako o te tāne nō taua rōpū iwi kotahi, nā te mea ka pāngia tō rātou tūranga pāpori e ngā whanaungatanga ira tangata me te urunga ōhanga.
I roto i ngā hapori tāone nui me te ao whānui, kei te piki haere te uaua o ngā tuakiri iwi. Mā te hekenga mai, te mātauranga hou, me ngā pāpāho matihiko ka taea e te tangata te tango i ngā tuakiri ranu: te pupuri i ngā tikanga whānau me te hanga huarahi hou mō te noho i waenga i ngā iwi me ngā ahurea.
Te Katinga
E whakaatu ana ngā ariā o te iwi me te iwi taketake ehara i te mea he kāwai tūturu noa iho ēnei, engari he ariā i hangaia e te hītori, taunekeneke pāpori, me ngā hihiri mana. E whakanui ana te kaupapa taketake i te hohonutanga o ngā hononga tūpuna, e titiro ana te kaupapa taputapu ki te iwi hei taputapu rautaki, ko te kaupapa hanga-ā-roto ia e whakanoho ana i te iwi hei tuakiri i hangaia, i whiriwhiria hoki. I roto i te ao pāpori, ka taea e ēnei tokotoru te tautoko tetahi i tetahi hei whakamārama he aha te iwi i ētahi wā ka puta he pumau, i ētahi wā ka huri, ā, i ētahi wā ka noho hei pūtake o te kotahitanga, o te pakanga rānei. He mea nui te mārama ki tēnei anga ariā kia taea ai e tātou te pānui i te kanorau pāpori me te arotake, te karo i ngā momo whakaaro tawhito, me te hanga kaupapa here tika i roto i ngā hapori maha-ahurea.
