Cov Hom Kev Kuaj Hniav Feem Ntau
Kev kuaj xyuas hniav yog ib kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj hwm kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj. Muaj ntau tus neeg tsuas mus ntsib kws kho hniav thaum lawv mob hniav xwb, tab sis ntau yam teeb meem hniav thiab cov pos hniav feem ntau tshwm sim qeeb qeeb yam tsis muaj tsos mob. Nrog kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua, cov kws kho hniav tuaj yeem pom cov teeb meem thaum ntxov, muab kev kho mob kom zoo, thiab tiv thaiv cov mob kom tsis txhob hnyav dua thiab kim dua. Ntxiv mus, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog kev noj qab haus huv tag nrho - piv txwv li, kev kis kab mob ntawm cov pos hniav uas tsis tuaj yeem tswj tau tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau qee yam mob hauv lub cev. Cov hauv qab no yog hom kev kuaj xyuas hniav uas feem ntau ua hauv cov chaw kho hniav thiab tsev kho mob.
1. Kev kuaj xyuas hniav tsis tu ncua (kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua)
Kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog hom kev kuaj xyuas uas siv ntau tshaj plaws. Feem ntau pom zoo kom kuaj txhua rau lub hlis, txawm hais tias qhov zaus yuav txawv nyob ntawm tus neeg lub qhov ncauj. Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas no, tus kws kho hniav yuav kuaj xyuas cov hniav, cov pos hniav, tus nplaig, thiab lwm cov nqaij hauv qhov ncauj. Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau nrhiav cov teeb meem xws li cov kab mob caries thaum ntxov ( cavity ), gingivitis, tartar, lossis cov cim ntawm cov cwj pwm tsis zoo xws li bruxism (kev sib tsoo hniav).
Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas tas li, tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav soj ntsuam kev tu cev qhov ncauj, kev noj zaub mov, thiab kev saib xyuas hniav hauv tsev . Raws li cov ntaub ntawv pom, tus neeg mob feem ntau yuav tau txais cov lus qhia: seb puas tu cev qhov ncauj txaus, seb puas yuav tsum tau scaling, filling, lossis kev kho mob ntxiv.
2. Kev kuaj mob hniav lwj ( cays )
Kab mob hniav lwj, lossis qhov chaw lwj, yog ib qho teeb meem uas tshwm sim ntau zaus. Kev kuaj mob kab mob hniav lwj lub hom phiaj yog los txheeb xyuas cov cheeb tsam uas cov hniav lwj, suav nrog cov uas tus neeg mob tseem tsis tau pom. Cov kws kho mob feem ntau siv cov cuab yeej kuaj mob xws li daim iav hniav thiab lub cuab yeej me me uas siv los ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav), thiab tseem ntsuas cov cheeb tsam uas tsis muaj zog xws li qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hniav thiab cov qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav molars.
Ntxiv rau kev kuaj xyuas tes, tus kws kho mob yuav ua lwm yam kev kuaj ntxiv, xws li X-rays, los nrhiav cov qhov uas zais ntawm cov hniav (interproximal caries) lossis hauv qab cov hniav fillings qub. Yog pom cov hniav caries sai dua, ces yuav muaj feem ntau dua los cawm cov hniav nrog kev kho yooj yim.
3. Kev kuaj xyuas cov pos hniav thiab cov nqaij txhawb nqa ntawm cov hniav (periodontal)
Feem ntau cov teeb meem ntawm cov pos hniav tsis pom vim tias cov tsos mob thaum xub thawj yuav tsis hnyav heev, xws li cov pos hniav los ntshav thaum txhuam hniav lossis ua pa tsw phem tas li. Kev kuaj mob periodontal yuav ntsuas seb cov pos hniav thiab pob txha uas txhawb nqa cov hniav puas noj qab haus huv. Tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem ntsuas qhov tob ntawm cov hnab pos hniav (periodontal probing) los xyuas seb puas muaj periodontitis, uas yog kev kis kab mob thiab o uas ua rau cov hniav xoob thiab poob hniav.
Thaum lub sijhawm kuaj xyuas no, tus kws kho mob kuj tseem yuav soj ntsuam seb puas muaj cov quav hniav thiab cov pob zeb tartar, qhov mob ntawm cov pos hniav txuas, thiab cov cim qhia tias cov pos hniav poob qis (cov pos hniav poob qis). Yog tias pom muaj teeb meem, tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom scaling, root planing (kev ntxuav tob dua), lossis kev kho mob ntxiv nrog tus kws kho mob periodontist.
4. Kev kuaj xyuas cov pob zeb hauv cov hniav thiab kev soj ntsuam kev tu cev hauv qhov ncauj
Cov pob zeb tartar (calculus) yog tsim los ntawm cov plaque uas tawv thiab tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm los ntawm kev txhuam hniav tas li. Qhov kev kuaj mob no ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm cov tartar sib sau ua ke, nws qhov chaw (piv txwv li, tom qab cov hniav pem hauv ntej qis lossis nyob ib puag ncig cov molars), thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau cov pos hniav.
Cov kws kho hniav lossis cov kws tu hniav feem ntau kuj qhia txog kev txhuam hniav kom raug, kev xaiv txhuam hniav, kev siv xov hniav, thiab kev ntxuav cov hniav. Kev ntsuam xyuas kev tu hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias ntau yam kab mob hniav thiab cov pos hniav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau nrog kev ua neej txhua hnub kom raug.
5. Kev kuaj mob X-ray ntawm cov hniav (kev thaij duab hluav taws xob)
Cov duab X-ray ntawm cov hniav yog ib qho kev kuaj mob uas pab tau rau cov kws kho mob kom pom cov mob uas tsis pom ntawm qhov chaw. Muaj ntau hom duab X-ray uas feem ntau pom:
– Kev tom hniav: kom pom cov kab mob ntawm cov hniav thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov pob txha txhawb nqa.
– Periapical: pom cov hauv paus hniav, kev kis kab mob ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov hauv paus hniav, thiab cov qauv nyob ib puag ncig cov hniav.
– Panoramic (OPG): qhia tag nrho lub puab tsaig, cov hniav, cov pob qij txha ntawm lub puab tsaig, thiab cov hniav txawj ntse.
– CBCT (Cone Beam CT): 3D duab rau cov rooj plaub tshwj xeeb xws li kev cog hniav, kev phais, lossis kev ntsuam xyuas lub cev nyuaj.
Feem ntau siv cov duab X-ray thaum xav tau. Cov neeg mob cev xeeb tub lossis cov neeg uas muaj tej yam mob yuav tsum qhia rau lawv tus kws kho mob kom lawv ua qhov kev kuaj mob nrog kev xav txog kev nyab xeeb.
6. Kev kuaj xyuas cov hniav txawj ntse (cov hniav thib peb)
Cov hniav txawj ntse feem ntau ua rau muaj teeb meem vim qhov chaw ntawm lub puab tsaig tsawg, kev loj hlob tsis ncaj, lossis kev sib tsoo ib nrab. Kev kuaj hniav txawj ntse suav nrog kev soj ntsuam hauv kev kho mob thiab feem ntau yog thaij duab X-ray panoramic los ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav, qhov ze ntawm cov hlab ntsha, thiab nws qhov cuam tshuam rau cov hniav sib ze.
Tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam seb puas yuav tsum khaws cov hniav txawj ntse, saib xyuas, lossis rho tawm. Cov cim qhia txog teeb meem feem ntau suav nrog mob tom qab lub puab tsaig, cov pos hniav o, qhib qhov ncauj nyuaj, lossis cov khoom noj daig hauv thaj chaw ntawd ntau zaus.
7. Kev kuaj hniav (braces) thiab kev ntsuam xyuas tom
Yuav muaj kev kuaj hniav orthodontic los ntsuas seb cov hniav sib dhos li cas thiab lub puab tsaig sib ze li cas (occlusion). Cov neeg mob uas muaj cov hniav sib nrug, sib nrug deb, lossis tom tsis xis nyob tuaj yeem sab laj kom tau txais kev ntsuam xyuas cov braces. Tus kws kho mob yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw ntawm cov hniav, cov qauv kev loj hlob ntawm lub puab tsaig, cov cwj pwm xws li kev nqus ntiv tes xoo, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib dhos cov hniav rau kev tu cev huv ntawm qhov ncauj.
Feem ntau kev kuaj mob no yuav siv cov duab X-ray tshwj xeeb, cov duab ntawm lub ntsej muag thiab lub qhov ncauj, thiab cov duab kos lossis cov duab digital ntawm cov hniav. Cov txiaj ntsig yuav muab ib txoj kev npaj kho mob: kev siv cov hlau nplaum, cov khoom siv aligners, lossis lwm yam khoom siv orthodontic.
8. Kev kuaj xyuas cov hauv paus hniav (endodontics)
Yog tias koj cov hniav mob heev, rhiab heev tas li, lossis muaj pob khaus (lub qog uas puv nrog kua qaub), koj tus kws kho hniav yuav ua qhov kev kuaj mob endodontic. Qhov kev kuaj mob no ntsuas qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov hlab ntsha ntawm cov hniav thiab cov nqaij nyob ib puag ncig cov hauv paus hniav. Feem ntau nws yuav muaj kev sim tapping, kev sim txias/kub, kev sim hluav taws xob (qee zaum), thiab kev thaij duab X-ray periapical.
Lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov kev kuaj mob no yog los txiav txim seb tus hniav puas yuav tsum tau kho cov hauv paus hniav lossis lwm yam kev kho mob. Yog tias kuaj pom zoo, tus kws kho mob tuaj yeem cawm tau tus hniav uas yav dhau los xav tias yuav tsum tau rho tawm.
9. Kev kuaj xyuas cov qhov txhab hauv qhov ncauj (mob qog nqaij hlav, pob, thiab kev kuaj mob qog nqaij hlav hauv qhov ncauj)
Ntxiv rau cov hniav thiab cov pos hniav, tus kws kho hniav kuj tseem yuav tshuaj xyuas cov nqaij mos mos: tus nplaig, sab hauv ntawm lub puab tsaig, lub qhov ncauj, hauv pem teb ntawm lub qhov ncauj, thiab daim di ncauj. Qhov kev kuaj mob no yog ib qho tseem ceeb los nrhiav cov qhov txhab canker uas tsis kho, cov kab mob fungal (xws li candidiasis), cov qhov txhab uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov hniav ntse, lossis lwm yam teeb meem tsis zoo.
Rau cov neeg mob uas muaj tej yam ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo (xws li haus luam yeeb, haus cawv, lossis muaj keeb kwm hauv tsev neeg), kev kuaj mob yuav suav nrog kev kuaj mob qog noj ntshav hauv qhov ncauj thaum ntxov . Tus kws kho mob yuav nrhiav seb puas muaj xim tsis zoo, cov qhov txhab uas nyob ntev, cov pob, lossis qhov mob uas tsis paub meej. Yog tias tsim nyog, tus neeg mob yuav raug xa mus kuaj ntxiv, xws li kuaj nqaij.
10. Kev kuaj mob ua ntej qee yam kev kho mob (ua ntej kev kho mob)
Qee qhov kev kho mob yuav tsum tau kuaj xyuas tshwj xeeb ua ntej, xws li kev tso cov hniav cuav, cov hniav cuav, cov veneers, lossis kev rho tawm. Tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam cov pob txha, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov pos hniav, kev sib tsoo hniav, thiab kev tu cev ntawm qhov ncauj. Lub hom phiaj yog kom ntseeg tau tias cov txheej txheem muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws.
Piv txwv li, thaum lub sijhawm kuaj mob ua ntej cog hniav, tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam qhov tuab ntawm lub puab tsaig nrog 3D X-ray (CBCT) thiab xyuas kom meej tias tsis muaj kev kis kab mob. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov hniav cuav, tus kws kho mob yuav soj ntsuam qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov nqaij txhawb nqa thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm lub puab tsaig.
Kev kaw
Kev kuaj hniav feem ntau muaj ntau yam sib txawv, txij li kev kuaj xyuas ib txwm mus txog kev kuaj tshwj xeeb xws li kev thaij duab x-ray, kev kuaj mob periodontal, kev kho hniav, thiab kev kuaj mob qhov ncauj. Txhua yam ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev kuaj pom cov teeb meem thaum ntxov thiab tswj kev noj qab haus huv qhov ncauj mus ntev. Nrog kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev saib xyuas hniav hauv tsev zoo, kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob hniav, kab mob pos hniav, thiab txawm tias cov txheej txheem loj tuaj yeem txo qis. Yog tias koj tsis tau kuaj xyuas hniav ntev lawm, teem sijhawm mus ntsib tam sim no yog ib kauj ruam yooj yim uas tuaj yeem pab tau koj txoj kev noj qab haus huv.
