Cov Kev Kho Mob Rau Cov Qhov Ncauj
Kab mob hniav (caries) yog ib qho teeb meem kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov hniav uas tshwm sim ntau tshaj plaws rau cov menyuam yaus thiab cov neeg laus. Thaum xub thawj, tej kab mob hniav yuav zoo li me me, tab sis yog tias tsis kho, lawv tuaj yeem loj dua thiab ua rau muaj cov tsos mob xws li rhiab heev, mob, ua pa tsw phem, thiab txawm tias muaj kab mob. Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab txog cov txheej txheem kho kab mob hniav yog qhov tseem ceeb heev kom tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj ntxiv. Tsab xov xwm no tham txog ntau txoj kev kho mob, los ntawm cov txheej txheem yooj yim mus rau cov txheej txheem nyuaj dua, nrog rau cov cwj pwm uas tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv kev rov tshwm sim.
To taub cov ua rau thiab cov theem ntawm kev lwj hniav
Cov kab mob ua rau cov hniav lwj thaum cov hniav tawv (enamel) raug cov kua qaub uas cov kab mob tsim los ntawm cov khoom noj seem, tshwj xeeb yog cov suab thaj thiab cov carbohydrates yooj yim ua rau lwj. Yog tias cov kab mob ua haujlwm tas li, qhov lwj tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv cov enamel, nkag mus rau hauv dentin (txheej hauv qab cov enamel), thiab thaum kawg mus txog rau ntawm cov pulp (sab hauv ntawm cov hniav uas muaj cov hlab ntsha thiab cov hlab ntsha). Qhov lwj tob npaum li cas, qhov kev kho mob nyuaj npaum li ntawd.
Cov theem dav dav ntawm cov kab mob caries suav nrog: thawj qhov mob (demineralization), enamel caries, dentin caries, pulp infection, thiab abscess (accumulate of pus) nyob ib ncig ntawm cov hauv paus hniav. Txhua theem yuav tsum muaj kev kho mob sib txawv.
1. Kev Kho Mob Rov Qab Ua Kom Zoo Rau Cov Kab Mob Caries Thaum Ntxov
Thaum tsis tau muaj qhov khoob thiab qhov puas tsuaj tseem yog ib qho dawb lossis thaj chaw ntawm kev tshem tawm cov minerals, kev kho mob feem ntau tuaj yeem ua tiav yam tsis tau tho. Koj tus kws kho hniav yuav pom zoo kom ua raws li cov hauv qab no:
Kev siv tshuaj fluoride rau kev kho hniav. Fluoride pab kom cov hniav enamel muaj zog thiab ua rau cov hniav rov qab muaj zog dua. Siv tau ua gel, varnish, lossis siv rau sab nraud. Kev kho mob no feem ntau ua sai thiab tsis mob.
Cov tshuaj txhuam hniav thiab cov tshuaj ntxuav qhov ncauj uas muaj fluoride. Qee zaum, cov neeg mob raug qhia kom siv cov khoom uas muaj fluoride ntau dua raws li lawv tus kws kho mob qhia.
Txhim kho koj cov zaub mov noj. Txo qhov zaus noj cov khoom qab zib lossis cov khoom noj nplaum, nrog rau kev txwv cov dej haus uas muaj carbonated thiab acidic, yuav txo cov kua qaub los ntawm cov kab mob.
Kev kho cov mineralization tsuas yog ua tau zoo yog tias qhov puas tsuaj tsis tau tsim ib lub qhov (qhov tiag tiag). Yog li ntawd, kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev kuaj pom caries thaum ntxov.
2. Kev Kho Hniav Rau Cov Qhov Me Mus Rau Qhov Nruab Nrab
Thaum twg muaj qhov hniav lwj lawm, txoj kev kho mob feem ntau yog kev txhaws hniav. Cov txheej txheem no yog tshem tawm cov nqaij hniav uas puas lawm, ntxuav qhov chaw lwj, thiab tom qab ntawd muab cov khoom txhaws los kaw kom cov hniav rov qab ua haujlwm thiab zoo li qub.
Qee cov ntaub ntawv siv feem ntau suav nrog:
Cov khoom siv sib xyaw (resin). Lawv cov xim zoo li cov hniav ntuj, ua rau lawv zoo nkauj dua. Lawv haum rau ob qho tib si cov hniav pem hauv ntej thiab tom qab. Cov khoom sib xyaw kuj tseem lo rau cov qauv hniav tom qab cov txheej txheem sib txuas.
Cov khoom siv hlau nplaum (amalgam). Siv tau ntev dua thiab muaj zog txaus los tiv taus cov khoom noj uas zom tau, tab sis lawv cov xim nyiaj ua rau lawv tsis zoo nkauj. Kev siv cov khoom siv hlau nplaum tam sim no tab tom poob qis hauv qee qhov chaw vim muaj kev txhawj xeeb txog kev zoo nkauj thiab kev nyiam ntawm cov neeg mob.
Cov cement iav ionomer (GIC). Cov khoom no tso cov fluoride tawm, pab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob muaj kab mob caries rov qab los. Nws feem ntau siv rau hauv cov chaw tshwj xeeb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov menyuam yaus, lossis rau kev txhaws ib ntus, txawm hais tias cov qauv muaj zog dua ntawm GIC tam sim no muaj.
Tom qab muab cov khoom ntsaws rau hauv qhov ncauj lawm, tus kws kho mob yuav kuaj xyuas qhov tom thiab ua kom qhov ncauj du kom nws tsis cuam tshuam rau kev zom.
3. Inlays thiab Onlays rau kev puas tsuaj ntau dua
Rau cov hniav uas lwj ntau heev tab sis tseem tsis tau xav tau lub kaus mom tag nrho, koj tus kws kho hniav yuav pom zoo kom siv inlay lossis onlay. Ob qho tib si yog kev kho tsis ncaj qha (ua hauv chav kuaj lossis siv CAD/CAM thev naus laus zis) uas tom qab ntawd muab txuas rau ntawm tus hniav.
Cov inlays npog sab hauv ntawm qhov chaw zom hniav, thaum cov onlays npog ib lossis ntau lub qhov ncauj hniav. Lawv qhov zoo suav nrog kev ua kom raug thiab lub zog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum siv cov khoom siv ceramic lossis composite zoo.
4. Kev Kho Mob Hauv Paus Rau Kab Mob Pulp
Yog tias cov kab mob caries tau mus txog rau hauv cov hniav, cov neeg mob feem ntau yuav mob tsis tau npaj tseg, mob tas li, lossis mob thaum tom. Nyob rau theem no, kev txhaws hniav tas li tsis txaus. Ib txoj kev kho mob uas siv ntau yog kev kho cov hauv paus hniav, uas yog ib txoj kev kho uas ntxuav cov nqaij hauv cov hniav uas muaj kab mob thiab kaw cov hauv paus hniav kom tiv thaiv cov kab mob kom tsis txhob rov qab nkag mus rau hauv.
Cov kauj ruam dav dav ntawm kev kho cov hauv paus hniav suav nrog:
1. Kev kuaj mob thiab thaij duab X-ray kom pom qhov tob ntawm qhov kab mob.
2. Qhib kev nkag mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav.
3. Ntxuav thiab kho cov hauv paus hniav nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
4. Kev ywg dej kom txo cov kab mob.
5. Kev txhaws cov cag hniav (obturation) thiab kev kaw ib ntus/mus tas li.
Tom qab kho cov hauv paus hniav tas, feem ntau cov hniav yuav tsum tau kho cov khoom loj lossis cov yas hniav vim tias cov qauv hniav tau qaug zog. Yog tias saib xyuas kom zoo, cov hniav uas tau kho cov hauv paus hniav tuaj yeem cawm tau ntau xyoo.
5. Cov Hniav Yas Rau Cov Hniav Uas Tsis Muaj Zog
Lub kaus mom hniav yog ib lub "sheath" uas npog tag nrho cov hniav kom rov qab zoo li qub, ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj zog. Feem ntau yuav tsum tau siv cov kaus mom thaum:
- Cov hniav lwj loj heev,
- Hniav tawg,
- Tom qab kev kho mob hauv paus hniav,
- Muaj ntau cov khoom siv qub uas ploj lawm los yog tsis txaus lawm.
Cov yas hniav tuaj yeem ua los ntawm hlau, porcelain, lossis ua ke ntawm ob qho tib si. Cov yas hniav ceramic lossis porcelain feem ntau zoo nkauj dua, thaum cov yas hniav hlau paub tias muaj zog dua rau cov hniav nraub qaum.
6. Rho hniav rau cov mob uas tsis tuaj yeem cawm tau lawm
Muaj tej lub sij hawm, cov hniav lwj loj heev ua rau tsis muaj peev xwm cawm tau, xws li cov hauv paus hniav lwj loj heev, cov hniav tsis muaj zog heev, lossis cov kab mob loj rov tshwm sim dua. Hauv cov xwm txheej no, koj tus kws kho mob yuav pom zoo kom rho hniav tawm.
Tom qab rho hniav tawm lawm, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum xav txog kev hloov hniav kom paub tseeb tias kev zom hniav thiab kev sib phim ntawm cov hniav tsis raug cuam tshuam. Cov kev xaiv hloov hniav suav nrog:
- Cov hniav cuav uas tshem tau,
- Choj hniav,
- Kev cog hniav (yog tias cov pob txha txhawb nqa).
Feem ntau qhov kev xaiv txoj kev hloov pauv yog kho raws li qhov xav tau, kev noj qab haus huv ntawm qhov ncauj, thiab tus nqi.
7. Kev Kho Mob Ntxiv: Kev Tswj Xyuas Qhov Mob thiab Kev Kab Mob
Yog tias muaj qhov txhab uas muaj o lossis muaj pob khaus, tus kws kho mob yuav tsum ua lwm yam kev kho mob ntxiv, xws li rho cov pob khaus tawm. Tej zaum yuav muab tshuaj loog kom tus neeg mob xis nyob dua. Tsuas yog muab tshuaj tua kab mob yog tias muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj kev kis tus kab mob, kub taub hau, lossis o loj heev xwb—tsis yog siv hloov kev kho hniav.
Kev Tiv Thaiv Kom Tsis Txhob Muaj Hniav lwj
Kev kho mob qhov ncauj yuav zoo dua yog tias ua ke nrog kev tiv thaiv tas li. Qee cov cwj pwm tseem ceeb suav nrog:
- Txhuam koj cov hniav tsawg kawg yog ob zaug hauv ib hnub nrog cov tshuaj txhuam hniav uas muaj fluoride.
- Siv cov xov paj los ntxuav cov hniav ntawm koj cov hniav.
- Txo qhov zaus ntawm kev noj khoom txom ncauj qab zib, tshwj xeeb yog cov uas nplaum.
- Haus dej tom qab noj mov kom pab tshem tawm cov khoom noj seem.
– Mus ntsib koj tus kws kho hniav txhua 6 lub hlis lossis raws li tau hais.
- Xav txog cov kev tiv thaiv xws li siv cov tshuaj sealant rau cov menyuam yaus lossis cov neeg laus uas muaj feem yuav mob hniav lwj.
Xaus
Cov kev kho mob qhov hniav puas tsuaj nyob ntawm seb qhov kev puas tsuaj loj npaum li cas. Thaum ntxov, kev kho cov pob zeb hauv cov hniav thiab cov tshuaj fluoride tuaj yeem pab tiv thaiv cov txheej txheem lwj. Rau cov qhov hniav uas twb muaj lawm, kev txhaws hniav yog qhov kev xaiv tseem ceeb, thaum cov hniav lwj ntau heev xav tau kev kho hniav inlay/onlay lossis crown. Yog tias tus kab mob mus txog cov hlab ntsha, kev kho cov hauv paus hniav yog qhov kev daws teeb meem los cawm tus hniav. Hauv cov xwm txheej uas qhov no ua tsis tau lawm, kev rho hniav thiab hloov hniav yuav yog kauj ruam kawg. Nrog kev kuaj xyuas tsis tu ncua thiab kev tu cev qhov ncauj zoo, cov qhov hniav tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tau thiab cov txiaj ntsig kho mob tuaj yeem kav ntev dua.
Yog tias koj xav tau, kuv tuaj yeem hloov kho tsab xov xwm no rau cov neeg tuaj saib tshwj xeeb (piv txwv li, cov menyuam kawm ntawv, cov niam txiv, lossis cov ntawv xov xwm kev noj qab haus huv nrov) lossis ntxiv cov npe ntawm kev kawm thiab cov qauv ntawm cov ntawv me.
