ʻUlaʻula: Ke wehe nei i nā mea huna o nā nalu ʻike ʻole ʻia
ʻO ka infrared, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo far-infrared, he ʻano radiation electromagnetic me ka lōʻihi o ka nalu ma mua o ka mālamalama ʻike ʻia akā ʻoi aku ka pōkole ma mua o nā nalu lekiō. Loaʻa ka huaʻōlelo "infrared" mai ka Latina "infra," ʻo ia hoʻi "ma lalo," e hōʻike ana he alapine (frequencies) ko ka infrared ma lalo o ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia e ka maka kanaka. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia, he kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka infrared i nā ʻano he nui o ke ola hou a me ka ʻenehana.
Moʻolelo o ka ʻIke ʻana i ka Infrared
Ua hoʻomaka ka ʻike ʻana o ka radiation infrared me kahi hoʻokolohua ʻepekema i mālama ʻia e ka mea kilo hōkū ʻo William Herschel i ka makahiki 1800. ʻO Herschel, i kahi hoʻāʻo e ana i ka mahana o nā kala like ʻole o ke kukui i loko o ka spectrum ʻike ʻia, ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kahi prism aniani e hoʻokaʻawale i ka lā i loko o kona ānuenue o nā kala. Ma ke kau ʻana i nā thermometers ma nā ʻāpana like ʻole o ka spectrum, ua ʻike ʻo ia ʻo nā mahana kiʻekiʻe loa ma mua o ke kukui ʻulaʻula i ʻike ʻia. Mai kēia, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Herschel aia kekahi ʻano radiation ʻike ʻole ʻia a mākou i ʻike ai i kēia manawa he radiation infrared.
Nā ʻano infrared
ʻO ka laulā o ka nalu infrared mai kahi o 700 nanometers (nm) a i 1 millimeter (mm). Ua māhele ʻia ka spectrum infrared i kekahi mau ʻāpana: kokoke i ka infrared (0,7–1,3 µm), waena-infrared (1,3–3 µm), a me ka infrared mamao (3 µm–1 mm).
Loaʻa i ka infrared kokoke nā ʻano like me ke kukui ʻike ʻia a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā kamaʻilio fiber-optic. Hoʻohana ʻia ka mid-infrared i nā noi e like me ka spectroscopy a me ka thermography, ʻoiai ʻo ka infrared mamao e hoʻohana pinepine ʻia no nā mea ʻike wela a me ka ʻike wela.
Nā Noi ʻenehana Infrared
1. Kamaʻilio
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ko ka infrared i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio, ʻoi aku hoʻi i nā ʻōnaehana mana mamao. Hoʻohana nā mea hoʻokele mamao, e like me nā mea no nā kīwī, i nā hōʻailona infrared e hoʻouna i nā kauoha mai ka mea hoʻokele mamao i nā mea uila. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ka infrared i nā ʻenehana kamaʻilio uea ʻole pōkole, e like me IrDA (Infrared Data Association), kahi e ʻae ai i ka hoʻoili ʻikepili ma waena o nā mea e like me nā kamepiula a me nā mīkini paʻi me ka ʻole o nā kaula.
2. ʻIke Mamao a me nā Satellites
Ma ke kahua o ka ʻike mamao, he mea pono loa ka infrared no ka nānā ʻana i ka ʻili o ka Honua mai ka lewa. Hiki i nā satelite i lako me nā mea ʻike infrared ke ana i ka mahana o ka ʻili o ka Honua, nānā i nā loli o ke kaiapuni, ʻike i nā ahi ululāʻau, a nānā i ke aniau.
3. ʻEnehana Lapaʻau
Loaʻa pū kekahi mau noi o ka infrared i ke ao lapaʻau. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka thermography infrared e ʻike i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka mahana o ke kino e hōʻike ana i ka maʻi a i ʻole ka mumū. Hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi ka infrared i nā kaʻina hana ʻoki laser, kahi e kōkua ai ke kukui infrared i ka hoʻēmi ʻana a i ʻole ka luku ʻana i nā ʻiʻo ʻino me ka ʻole o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā ʻiʻo olakino a puni.
4. Manaʻo Po
Hoʻohana pū ka ʻenehana ʻike pō i ka infrared. Hana nā maka aniani ʻike pō ma ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka mālamalama infrared, ka mea maʻamau i loaʻa a puni mākou akā ʻike ʻole ʻia. ʻAe kēia ʻenehana i nā mea a me nā kānaka e ʻike maopopo ʻia i nā kūlana pouli.
5. ʻOihana a me ke kaʻa
I ka ʻoihana, hoʻohana ʻia nā kāmela wela infrared e nānā i ka wela nui ʻana i nā mīkini a i ʻole nā mea hoʻonohonoho uila, hiki ke hōʻike i kahi pilikia. Ma ka ʻāpana kaʻa, hoʻohana nā mea ʻike kaʻa i ka infrared e ʻike i nā mea keakea a puni nā kaʻa, e maʻalahi ai i nā mea hoʻokele ke kaʻa.
Nā Pōmaikaʻi a me nā Pōmaikaʻi o ka Infrared
ʻO kekahi o nā pono nui o ka infrared ʻo ia kona hiki ke ʻike i ka wela. Hoʻopuka nā mea āpau me ka mahana ma luna o ka zero absolute (0 Kelvin) i ka radiation infrared. No laila, he mea kūpono loa ka infrared i nā noi e pono ai ka ʻike wela, e like me ka thermography a me nā mea ʻike ʻike pō.
ʻO kekahi pono ʻē aʻe, ʻo ia ka loaʻa nui ʻana, ke kumukūʻai kūpono, a me ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana infrared. Ua hoʻohana lōʻihi ʻia ka ʻenehana infrared i nā mea hana o kēlā me kēia lā e like me nā mana mamao, nā kāmela palekana, a me nā mea ʻike kaʻa, e lilo ia i mea maʻamau a hilinaʻi hoʻi.
Nā Pilikia a me nā Palena o ka Infrared
ʻOiai kona mau pono ākea, ʻaʻole nele ka ʻenehana infrared i kona mau pilikia. ʻO kekahi o nā palena nui o ka infrared ʻo kona hiki ʻole ke komo i nā mea paʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hōʻailona infrared ke komo i nā paia a i ʻole ka metala, kahi e kaupalena ai i kona laulā a me nā noi i nā kamaʻilio uea ʻole mamao loa.
Hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka infrared e nā kumu wela ʻē aʻe. I nā wahi wela loa, e like me ka ʻoihana metala, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka pololei o ka ʻike ʻana i ka infrared. Eia kekahi, hiki ke hoʻopilikia ʻia ka hana infrared e nā kūlana o ke aniau e like me ka ua a i ʻole ka noe mānoanoa, hiki ke keakea i ka hoʻoili ʻana o nā hōʻailona infrared.
ʻO ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana infrared
Hāʻawi ʻia i nā noi like ʻole i hoʻomohala ʻia, he mau manaʻolana maikaʻi ko ka infrared no ka wā e hiki mai ana. Me ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻenehana, manaʻo ʻia e lilo nā noi infrared i mea laha a paʻakikī.
I ke ao lapaʻau, ke hoʻomau nei ka noiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hana hōʻoia palekana a emi iki ka invasive me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻenehana infrared. I ka holomua ʻana o ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio, e hoʻonui pū ʻia nā noi infrared i ka palekana a me ka hoʻoili ʻikepili.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻo ka infrared kahi ʻāpana o ka spectrum electromagnetic me nā hoʻohana he nui. Mai kona hiki ke ʻike i ka wela a hiki i kona kuleana i ka ʻenehana kamaʻilio, ua lilo ka infrared i mea koʻikoʻi i ka holomua ʻenehana hou. Me ka noiʻi mau a me ka hana hou, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole ʻia e ʻoi aku ka mālamalama o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka ʻenehana infrared—ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole ʻike ʻia.
