Izifundo Zezenhlalo Zamasiko Athandwayo
Isiko elidumile lingenye yezinto eziphathelene nomphakathi ezihlobene kakhulu nokuphila kwansuku zonke. Likhona emculweni, kumafilimu, ochungechungeni lwethelevishini, ezinkundleni zokuxhumana, emidlalweni eku-inthanethi, emfashinini, ngisho nakuma-meme asakazeka ngokushesha ku-inthanethi. Ezifundweni zezenhlalo, isiko elidumile aliqondwa nje njengokuzijabulisa, kodwa njengendawo yokukhiqizwa kwencazelo, umzabalazo wezindinganiso, ukwakheka kobunikazi, kanye nokubonakaliswa kwezakhiwo zomphakathi ezishintshayo. Lesi sihloko sixoxa ngendlela i-sociology ebheka ngayo isiko elidumile, indlela elikhiqizwa futhi lisetshenziswa ngayo, kanye nomthelela walo ebuhlotsheni bamandla kanye nokuguquguquka komphakathi.
Isiko Elidumile Njengomkhiqizo Wezenhlalo
Ngokombono wezenhlalo, isiko liwukuphela kwezindlela zokuphila ezifundiwe nezazuzwe njengefa, ezihlanganisa izindinganiso, izindinganiso, izimpawu, kanye nemikhuba yomphakathi. Isiko elidumile liyingxenye yalesi siko esibanzi, kodwa linezici ezihlukile: lenzelwe izilaleli eziningi, lifinyeleleka kalula, futhi ngokuvamile lisakazwa ngemidiya emikhulu kanye namapulatifomu edijithali. Izintandokazi zalo "ziyinqwaba," kodwa azifani. Lokho okubhekwa njengokudumile kungahluka ngokwesigaba somphakathi, isizukulwane, isifunda, ngisho nemiphakathi ethile eku-inthanethi.
I-sociology ibheka isiko elidumile njengomkhiqizo wezenhlalo ngoba livela ekusebenzisaneni kwabadlali abahlukahlukene: imboni yokudala, abezindaba, umbuso, inhloko-dolobha, imiphakathi yabalandeli, kanye nabantu abakhiqiza futhi basabalalise okuqukethwe. Isibonelo, ingoma edumile ku-TikTok ayiwona nje umphumela wobuciko babaculi, kodwa futhi ithonya lama-algorithms, ukuziphatha kwabasebenzisi, amasu okumaketha, kanye nesiko lokubamba iqhaza kwabasebenzisi be-inthanethi.
Imibono Yezinkolelo-mbono: Kusukela Ezimbonini Zamasiko Kuya Ekukhiqizweni Kwencazelo
Enye indlela ejwayelekile ukugxekwa kwesikole iFrankfurt School "kwemboni yamasiko" (u-Adorno no-Horkheimer). Babheka isiko elidumile njengempahla ekhiqizwa ngenzuzo, ngokuvamile belinganisa ukunambitheka futhi benze umphakathi ungabi nandaba. Kulo mbono, amafilimu, umculo, kanye nethelevishini kungasebenza njengamathuluzi okunciphisa ukugxekwa komphakathi ngoba abantu bamatasa kakhulu ngokudla ukuzijabulisa kunokubhekana namaqiniso okungalingani.
Kodwa-ke, lo mbono awuhlukile. Izifundo zamasiko, ikakhulukazi lezo ezivela eBirmingham School (isb., uStuart Hall), zigcizelela ukuthi izethameli azigcini nje ngokungabi nandaba. Incazelo ayimane nje "iphoqelelwe" ngabakhiqizi; izethameli zihumusha imibhalo yamasiko ngendlela ehlukile ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kwezenhlalo. Ifilimu efanayo ingase ifundwe njengokuzijabulisa okulula ngabanye, kodwa njengokugxekwa kwezenhlalo ngabanye. Ngakho-ke, isiko elidumile liyindawo yokuxoxisana ngencazelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPierre Bourdieu usikhumbuza ukuthi ukuthanda amasiko kuhlobene kakhulu nesigaba sezenhlalo ngemibono yokujwayela kanye nenhloko-dolobha yamasiko. Ukukhetha ekubukeni, ekulaleleni umculo, noma ezindleleni zokugqoka kungasebenza njengezimpawu zesikhundla, izindlela zokwehlukanisa umphakathi, noma ngisho namasu okuhamba. Isiko elidumile, kulo mongo, alithathi hlangothi: lixhumene nezakhiwo zesigaba, imfundo, kanye nokufinyelela kwezomnotho.
Imidiya, Ubuchwepheshe, kanye Nezindlela Zokusebenzisa Ezishintshayo
Intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana iye yasheshisa ukusabalala kwamasiko athandwayo. Nakuba ithelevishini nomsakazo kwakukade kuyiziteshi eziyinhloko, amapulatifomu edijithali manje aseyi-ecosystem evelele. Ama-algorithms adlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni okuqukethwe okuvela kumakhasi asekhaya abasebenzisi, okwenza ukuthandwa kungatholakali kalula ngekhwalithi noma ukunambitheka kodwa kube nokuningi ngokubonakala okudalwe uhlelo.
Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkathi yedijithali idale isiko lokubamba iqhaza: abalandeli bangakha ubuciko babalandeli, inganekwane yabalandeli, amavidiyo okusabela, ukubuyekezwa, ngisho nezinhlangano zokusekela eziku-inthanethi. Ezweni le-K-pop, isibonelo, abalandeli basebenzisa amandla ahlangene okucindezela izingoma ziye phezulu, bahlele imikhankaso yokusakaza, futhi bahlanganyele nasezenzweni zomphakathi. Lesi simo sibonisa ukuthi ukudla isiko elidumile akuyona nje into yomuntu ngamunye, kodwa kunalokho kuwumkhuba womphakathi ohilela umphakathi, ubuwena, kanye nobumbano.
Kodwa-ke, lolu shintsho luphinde luphakamise izinkinga ezintsha: ukuthengiswa kwedatha, umnotho wokunaka, kanye nokuguquguquka "okusakazekile" ngezinye izikhathi okudela ukujula kwengxoxo. Okuqukethwe kwenzelwe ukuheha ukuchofoza nokubukwa, okwenza ukuvusa imizwa kube lula kakhulu kunezimpikiswano eziyinkimbinkimbi.
Isiko Nobuwena Obudumile
I-sociology inaka kakhulu indlela ubunikazi obwakhiwa ngayo ngemikhuba yamasiko. Isiko elidumile linikeza izimpawu nezindaba abantu abangazisebenzisa ukuzichaza: "njengengane e-indie," "umlandeli we-K-drama," "u-weeb," "umdlali wegeyimu," noma "ingane yesehlakalo." Lokhu bunikazi akugcini nje ngokuthanda, kodwa futhi nezindlela zokwakha umuzwa wokuba yingxenye, ukwakha amanethiwekhi obungani, kanye nokuxoxisana ngezikhundla emphakathini.
Ukumelwa kwamasiko athandwayo nakho kunquma ukuthi obani ababonwayo nokuthi bavezwa kanjani. Amafilimu, izikhangiso, nomculo kungaveza imibono engafani ngobulili, uhlanga, isigaba, kanye nokuthambekela kobulili. Isibonelo, ukuvezwa kwabesifazane njengabavinjelwe ezindimeni ezithile noma emaqenjini amancane njengabalingiswa besibili kungaqinisa ukungabi nabulungisa okungokomfanekiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukumelwa okubandakanya kakhulu kungavula izikhala zokuqashelwa futhi kwandise umcabango womphakathi wokwehlukahlukana.
Ubudlelwano Bamandla: Ukubusa Nokumelana
U-Antonio Gramsci wethula umqondo wokubusa, okungukuthi, ukubusa okusebenza hhayi ngobudlova kuphela, kodwa futhi nangesivumelwano senhlalo esakhelwe ezindinganisweni nasemicabangweni ebhekwa "njengejwayelekile." Isiko elidumile liyindlela eyinhloko yokubusa ngoba lisabalalisa izindlela ezithile zokuphila, izindinganiso zobuhle, izincazelo zempumelelo, kanye nemibono njengento evamile.
Isibonelo, izindinganiso zomzimba ezifanelekile kanye nendlela yokuphila yokufuna abathengi ivame ukukhuthazwa ngokukhangisa kanye nabantu abanethonya. Uma lezi zindinganiso zamukelwa ngokungagxeki, abantu bakhuthazwa ukuba baphishekele izithombe ezithile, bathenge imikhiqizo ethile, futhi bazahlulele ngokusekelwe ezindinganisweni ezakhiwe ngabezindaba. Kodwa-ke, isiko elidumile lingaba yindawo yokumelana. Umculo we-rap, amahlaya ahlekisayo, amafilimu azimele, noma ukunyakaza kwe-hashtag ezinkundleni zokuxhumana kungasebenza njengendlela yokugxeka ukungalingani, inkohlakalo, ubandlululo, noma ubudlova obusekelwe kubulili.
Ukuthengiswa Kwempahla, Ukuthengwa Kwabathengi, kanye Nezimiso Zokuziphatha
Isiko elidumile lixhumene kakhulu nemakethe. Izitayela ziyashintsha ngokushesha; imikhiqizo yamasiko iba yimpahla; futhi ubunikazi bungathengiswa. Isimo sokuthengiswa kwempahla, ukubambisana komkhiqizo nosaziwayo, ngisho nokuthengiswa kwezindlela zokuphila ngokusebenzisa "ama-vlog ansuku zonke" sibonisa ukuthi imingcele phakathi kokuphila komuntu siqu kanye nokukhushulwa iya ngokuya ifiphala. Ngokombono wezenhlalo nezomnotho, lokhu kubonisa ukwanda komqondo wobungxowankulu ezindaweni ezizimele ezazikhona ngaphambili: ukunakwa, ubudlelwano bezenhlalo, ngisho nemizwa.
Phakathi kwalokhu, kuphakama imibuzo yokuziphatha: imboni inesibopho esingakanani ngomthelela womphakathi wokuqukethwe? Izisebenzi zokudala, kusukela kubaculi kuya kubadali bokuqukethwe, zivikelwa kanjani? Isiko elidumile lithinta kanjani impilo yengqondo, ikakhulukazi lapho ukuqinisekiswa komphakathi kulinganiswa ngokuthandwa, imibono, kanye nokuphawula? I-Sociology iyasiza ekuxazululeni le mibuzo ngokubeka okuhlangenwe nakho komuntu ngamunye ngaphakathi kohlaka olubanzi lwezakhiwo zomphakathi.
Isiko Elidumile e-Indonesia: Lendawo, Lomhlaba Wonke, kanye ne-Hybrid
Esimweni sase-Indonesia, isiko elidumile libonisa ukuhlangana kwamathonya omhlaba kanye nobuciko bendawo. Amasiko aseKorea, aseJapane, kanye nawaseNtshonalanga asebenzisana namasiko endawo, okwenza kube nezinhlobo ezixubile: abaculi abahlanganisa i-dangdut ne-EDM, amahlaya asebenzisa ama-meme omhlaba wonke, noma amafilimu avumelanisa izinkinga zendawo nezitayela zesimanje ze-cinematographic.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiko elidumile lase-Indonesia lihamba ngamapulatifomu edijithali, okwenza abadali bezifunda bakwazi ukufeza ukuvelela kuzwelonke. Kodwa-ke, ukufinyelela i-inthanethi okungalingani, umehluko ekufundeni kwedijithali, kanye nokuqoqwa kwamandla emidiya kusalokhu kuyinselele. Okuthi "kuthandwa" kuvame ukuthonywa yizikhungo zokukhiqiza amasiko, naphezu kwamathuba akhulayo okusabalalisa amandla.
I-Penutup
Izifundo zezenhlalo zamasiko athandwayo zibeka ukuzijabulisa njengento engathi sína ngoba kwakheka indlela esicabanga ngayo, esizizwa ngayo, nesixhumana ngayo. Isiko elidumile liyinsimu egcwele izinqubo zomphakathi: ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa, ukubusa nokumelana, ukwakheka kobunikazi, ukuthengiswa kwempahla, kanye nokulwela injongo. Esikhathini sedijithali, isiko elidumile lishintsha ngokushesha futhi liba nethonya elikhulu, okwenza ukuhlaziywa kwezenhlalo kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqondeni umthelela walo ekungalinganini, ukumelwa, kanye nekhwalithi yokuphila komphakathi. Ngokuqonda isiko elidumile njengomkhuba womphakathi, singaba abathengi abagxeka kakhulu kanye nezakhamuzi - sikwazi ukulijabulela, kodwa futhi sikwazi ukungabaza izindinganiso nezakhiwo ezisebenza ngemuva kwalo.
