Umqondo Wokubusa Ngokwentando Yeningi Emphakathini Wanamuhla
I-Meritocracy ingumqondo wezenhlalo nezepolitiki obeka "imfanelo" - okungukuthi, ikhono, impumelelo, ikhono, kanye nokusebenza kanzima - njengesisekelo esiyinhloko sokunquma ukuthi ubani othola amathuba, izikhundla, imiklomelo, kanye nokuhamba komphakathi. Emiphakathini yanamuhla, i-meritocracy ivame ukukhuthazwa njengohlelo olufanele ngoba ihlola abantu ngokusekelwe ekufezeni, kunokuba isuselwe esizindeni somndeni, isimo sezomnotho, uhlanga, ubulili, noma ukusondelana nalabo abasemandleni. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokukhanga kwayo, i-meritocracy nayo iphakamisa impikiswano ebalulekile: ingabe uhlelo oluthi "wonke umuntu unethuba elilinganayo" lungagcwaliseka ngempela ezimweni zomphakathi ezingalingani?
Imvelaphi kanye nencazelo ye-meritocracy
Igama elithi "meritocracy" laduma ngemva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi kaMichael Young, ethi The Rise of the Meritocracy (1958). Ngokuthakazelisayo, uYoung walibhala njengehlaya kanye nokugxeka: wayecabanga ngomphakathi odumisa ubuhlakani kanye nempumelelo, oveza isigaba esisha sabantu abaqhoshayo, kuyilapho labo abashiywe ngemuva besolwa ngokuphelele ngesiphetho sabo. Kodwa-ke, emikhubeni yezombusazwe yanamuhla, i-meritocracy ivame ukuqondwa kahle njengendlela ehlukile esikhundleni sokukhetha abantu, ubufeudalism, kanye nokubandlululwa kwesakhiwo.
Ngomqondo ojwayelekile, i-meritocracy ihlanganisa izimiso ezimbili eziyinhloko. Okokuqala, ukukhethwa noma ukusatshalaliswa kwezinsizakusebenza (izikhundla, imfundo, izifundi, ukukhushulwa) kufanele kusekelwe ezinkombeni ezifanele zekhono kanye nokusebenza. Okwesibili, wonke umuntu kufanele abe nethuba elilinganayo lokubonisa lawo makhono. Isimiso sokuqala kulula ukusibona ngamehlo engqondo—isibonelo, ukuqashwa kwabantu noma ukuhlolwa kokusebenza okusekelwe ezivivinyweni. Isimiso sesibili kunzima kakhulu ukusisebenzisa ngoba sihlobene nezimo zomphakathi kusukela ebuntwaneni.
Kungani ukubusa ngokwentando yeningi kubhekwa njengokubalulekile emphakathini wanamuhla?
Imiphakathi yanamuhla ibonakala ngobunzima bezomnotho, ukukhetheka kwemisebenzi, kanye nesidingo sobuchwepheshe. Kulesi simo, ukubusa ngenhlonipho kubhekwa njengokusebenzayo: izinhlangano, izikhungo zemfundo, kanye nohulumeni badinga abantu abanekhono ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle. Emkhakheni womphakathi, ukubusa ngenhlonipho kuqondakala njengento ebalulekile ukuze kube nohulumeni ochwepheshe okhonza izintshisekelo zezakhamuzi, hhayi amaqembu athile. Endaweni yokusebenza, ukubusa ngenhlonipho kukholakala ukuthi kukhulisa umkhiqizo ngoba abantu bashukumiseleka ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwabo lapho imivuzo isatshalaliswa ngendlela eqotho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-meritocracy ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nomqondo wobulungiswa benqubo: lapho imithetho yomdlalo icacile futhi ukukhetha kusobala, imiphumela ibhekwa "njengokulungile" kunezinhlelo ezinqunywa ukuxhumana noma ilungelo elizuzwe njengefa. Emphakathini oqhubeka nokwazisa ukuzimela kanye nenkululeko yokukhetha indlela yakho, i-meritocracy ibonakala ihambisana nesifiso sokuthi isiphetho somuntu sinqunywa yimizamo yakhe.
Ubukhosi obusebenzayo: imfundo kanye nomhlaba womsebenzi
Imfundo iyindawo eyinhloko yokwamukelwa kwabafundi abaphezulu. Izivivinyo zokungena, amazinga amamaki, ukukhethwa kwezifundo, kanye nokugunyazwa kubhekwa njengezindlela ezijwayelekile zokuhlola ikhono. Okufanelekile, izikole namanyuvesi asebenza "njengesitebhisi senhlalo" kunoma ubani ophumelelayo, kufaka phakathi labo abavela emindenini ehlwempu. Emazweni amaningi, indaba "yokukhuphukela emfundweni" isibe uphawu lokwamukelwa kwabafundi abaphezulu.
Emsebenzini, ukubusa ngesithunzi kubonakala ngezinhlelo zokuqasha ezisekelwe emakhono, ukuhlolwa kokusebenza (ama-KPI), ukukhushulwa okusekelwe emiphumeleni, kanye nemivuzo yokusungula izinto ezintsha. Izinkampani zobuchwepheshe zivame ukuthi zisebenzisa ukubusa ngesithunzi ngoba zihlola iminikelo yangempela, hhayi nje isikhundla esiphezulu. Emkhakheni kahulumeni, izinhlelo zokukhetha kanye nokukhushulwa kwezinsizakalo zomphakathi ezisekelwe emakhono nazo zimelela uhlobo lokubusa ngesithunzi, okungenani ekwakhiweni kwenqubomgomo.
Kodwa-ke, kuphakama umbuzo obalulekile: ingabe izilinganiso "zokufaneleka" zinengqondo kangakanani? Amamaki ezemfundo, amaphuzu ezivivinyo, amaphothifoliyo, noma ama-KPI angase abonakale engathathi hlangothi, kodwa angathonywa ukufinyelela ezinsizeni - ukufundisa, amanethiwekhi ochwepheshe, izikhungo zobuchwepheshe, ikhwalithi yesikole, noma ngisho nesikhathi samahhala sokufunda nokuthuthukiswa komuntu siqu.
Ukugxekwa okuyinhloko: ubukhosi kanye nokukhohlisa kokulingana kwamathuba
Ukugxekwa okukhulu kwe-meritocracy ukuthi ivame ukuthatha ukulingana kwamathuba lapho kungekho khona ngempela. Izingane ezizalelwe emindenini empofu zibhekene nezinselele zesakhiwo: ukudla okungondlekile, indawo engafanele ukufunda, izikole ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukufinyelela i-inthanethi okulinganiselwe, kanye nesidingo sokufaka isandla ezimalini zomndeni. Okwamanje, izingane ezivela emindenini ecebile zinokufinyelela ezikoleni ezinhle kakhulu, ukufundisa okuzimele, izincwadi, kanye nezinkundla zokuxhumana ezikhulisa amathuba azo okuphumelela. Lapho imiphumela ihluka, i-meritocracy ivame ukwenza inkinga ibe lula ngokuphetha ngokuthi labo abahlulekayo "abazange bazame kanzima ngokwanele."
Yilapho ukubusa kwabantu kungaba khona isizathu sokungalingani. Lapho abantu abaphumelelayo bekholelwa ukuthi impumelelo yabo ibangelwa ukusebenza kanzima kuphela, bangazinaki izici ezifana nenhlanhla, ukwesekwa komphakathi, kanye nelungelo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, labo abasele ngemuva bangabhekana nokucwaswa ngokokuziphatha: ubumpofu buchazwa njengokwehluleka komuntu siqu, hhayi inkinga yesakhiwo. Ngenxa yalokho, ubumbano lomphakathi luyabuthaka njengoba ukungalingani kubhekwa njengokujwayelekile futhi okufanele.
Ukuhlonipha abantu kungadala nokucindezeleka kwengqondo. Esikweni elidinga "okumelwe kwenziwe," labo abangahlangabezani nezindinganiso ezithile bangazizwa bengelutho. Ukuncintisana ngaphandle kwenethi yokuphepha komphakathi kuyingozi ekwandiseni ukucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, kanye nokuhlukaniswa, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwentsha egxiliswe kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuthi ukuzethemba kuncike empumelelweni.
Ukukhetha ekulinganisweni kokufaneleka: akuhlali kungathathi hlangothi
Empeleni, izindlela zokulinganisa ukufaneleka zivame ukuba nobandlululo. Izivivinyo ezijwayelekile zingathonywa yisizinda samasiko nesolimi. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza ehhovisi kungathonywa ukukhetha okucashile, imibono yobulili, noma "ukusondelana" nabaphathi. Ngisho nama-algorithms okuqasha athi aqotho angaphinda ubandlululo oluvela kudatha yangaphambilini: uma idatha yomlando ithanda amaqembu athile, ukufunda komshini kuzobona leyo ndlela "njengejwayelekile."
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunezici zamakhono okunzima ukuzilinganisa: ubuqotho, uzwela, amakhono okubambisana, kanye nobuholi bokuziphatha. Uma ubuhle buncishiswa kuphela ezibalweni zokukhiqiza noma amaphuzu ezemfundo, umphakathi ungakhiqiza abantu "abangcono kakhulu ngokobuchwepheshe" kodwa abangenalo ikhono lokuxhumana nabantu.
Ukufaneleka okuhle: kusukela ekukhetheni okumsulwa kuya emathubeni alinganayo
Umphakathi wanamuhla usadinga isimiso sokufaneleka ekugcwaliseni izindima nemithwalo yemfanelo, kodwa ukufaneleka okufanele kufanele kuhambisane nezinqubomgomo zamathuba alinganayo. Lokhu kusho ukugxila hhayi kuphela ekukhetheni "okungathathi hlangothi" ekugcineni kodwa nasezimweni zokuqala ezilinganayo. Ezinye izindlela ezivame ukuxoxwa ngazo zifaka:
1. Ukufinyelela okulinganayo emfundweni esezingeni eliphezulu
Ukutshalwa kwezimali ezikoleni zomphakathi, ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yothisha, izikhungo zokufunda, kanye nokufinyelela kwedijithali kunganciphisa igebe lamakhono elibangelwa yisigaba sezenhlalo.
2. Ukuqinisekiswa nokusekelwa kwamaqembu asengozini
Izinhlelo zezifundo ezisekelwe ezidingweni, izabelo zamaqembu ancishwe amathuba, noma ukwelulekwa ngemisebenzi kungasiza labo abanekhono kodwa abangenalo ukufinyelela.
3. Ukucaca kanye nokuziphendulela ekuqasheni abasebenzi
Izindlela zokukhetha ezicacile, izinqubo ezibhalwe phansi, kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa amacala kunganciphisa ubandlululo noma ukucwaswa okuyimfihlo.
4. Yazi izici zenhlanhla kanye nesakhiwo
Indaba yomphakathi idinga ukulinganisela ukuqashelwa komsebenzi onzima nokuqaphela ukuthi impumelelo ithonywa nayisimo senhlalo, amathuba, kanye nokusekelwa.
5. Inethi yokuphepha komphakathi
Izinhlelo zezempilo, usizo lokungasebenzi, kanye nokuvikelwa kwabasebenzi kusiza abantu ukuthi bathathe izingozi ukuze bachume ngaphandle kokwesaba ukuwela ebuphofwini.
Isiphetho
Ukubusa ngokulingana emphakathini wanamuhla kunikeza isithembiso sobulungiswa: wonke umuntu wahlulelwa ngokusekelwe emakhonweni akhe kanye nokusebenza kanzima. Ngezinga elithile, lesi simiso sibalulekile ekudaleni izikhungo ezisebenzayo, ukunciphisa ubandlululo, kanye nokukhuthaza ukusungula izinto ezintsha. Kodwa-ke, ukubusa ngokulingana nakho kunesimangaliso: ngaphandle kokulingana kwangempela kwamathuba, kungawohloka kube yimfundiso ethethelela ukungalingani, isole isisulu, futhi iqede ubumbano lomphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, inselele enkulu yomphakathi wanamuhla akukhona ukukhetha phakathi kokubusa ngesithunzi nokungafaneleki, kodwa kunalokho ukuklama ukubusa ngesithunzi okunobuntu: okuhlanganisa ukukhetha okufanele kanye nezinqubomgomo ezinciphisa igebe lokuqala. Ngale ndlela, "impumelelo" akuseyona ilungelo labambalwa abanemali evelele, kodwa kunalokho kuyithuba elingokoqobo lezakhamuzi eziningi ukuba zichume futhi zifake isandla.
