Isimiso samandla okusebenza-okusebenza ngomshini - izinkinga nezixazululo

1. Ibhokisi elingamakhilogremu angu-2 liyehla ngesivinini kusuka ku-10 m/s ukuya ekuphumuleni. Isilinganiso se-coefficient ukungqubuzana kwe-kinetic yi-0.2. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi ingu-10 m/s². Ubukhulu balobu bukhulu kangakanani? Ukuhambisa?

Kwaziwa;

Imisa (m) = 2 kg

Ijubane lokuqala (v)_o) = 10 m/s

Ijubane lokugcina (v)_t) = 0 m/s

I-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwe-kinetic (μ_k= = 0.2

Isisindo (w) = mg = (1 kg)(10 m/s²) = 10 kg m/s² = 10 uN

Kufunwa: Ubukhulu bokufuduka (d)

Isixazululo:

Umgomo wamandla okusebenza nowokusebenza :

W_nc = I-ΔEM

W_nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

W_nc = ½ m (v_t² - v_o²) + mgh

W_nc = umsebenzi yenziwe ngu amandla angewona awokugcina imvelo ukusebenza entweni

ΔEK = ushintsho ku amandla kinetic

ΔEP = ushintsho ku amandla angaba khona

m = isisindo

v = ijubane

g = ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi

h = ushintsho ekuphakameni

Ushintsho ekuphakameni h = 0 ngakho-ke ΔEP = 0

W_nc = ΔEK

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla angewona awokugcina imithetho:

W_nc = -F_c d = – μ_k N d = – μ_k wd = – μ_k mgd

W_nc = -(0.2)(2)(10)(s)

W_nc = – (4)(2)

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isiqondiso samandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic siphambene nesiqondiso sokufuduka.

Ushintsho kumandla e-kinetic:

ΔEK = ½ m (v_t² - v_o²) = ½ (2)(0 – 10²) = 0 – 100 = -100

Ubukhulu bokufuduka:

W_nc = ΔEK

– 4 s = – 100

s = -100/-4

s = 25 m

2. Ibhulokhi liwela phansi endizeni ethambekele. I-coefficient ye-kinetic friction ingu-0.4. Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi kungu g = 10 ms^-2Thola ijubane lokugcina lapho ibhlogo lishaya phansi.

Kwaziwa:

Ukuphakama kokuqala (h)_o= 6m

Ukuphakama kokugcina (h_t= 0m

Ijubane lokuqala (v)_o= = 0

I-coefficient yokungqubuzana kwe-kinetic (μ_k= = 0.4

Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 ms^-2

cos θ = 8 / 10

Ingxenye eqondile yesisindo = w_y = w cos θ = mg cos θ = m (10)(8/10) = m (10)(4/5) = m (40/5) = 8 m

Amandla ajwayelekile = N = w_y = 8m

Amandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic = f_k = μ_k N= μ_k w_y = (0.4)(8 m) = 3.2 m

Kufunwa: Ijubane lokugcina (v)_t)

Isixazululo:

Umgomo wamandla okusebenza nowokusebenza:

W_nc = ΔEM

W_nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

Ushintsho kumandla e-kinetic:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 m (v_t² - 0) = 1/2 mv_t²

Ushintsho emandleni angaba khona:

ΔEP = mg (h_t - h_o) = m (10)(0-6) = m (10)(-6) = – 60 m

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic:

W_nc = – f_k s = – (3.2 m(10) = – 32 m

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isiqondiso samandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic siphambene nesiqondiso sokufuduka.

Ijubane lokugcina (v)_t):

W_nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

- 32 m = 1/2 mv_t² - 60 m

- 32 m = m (1/2 v_t² - 60)

- 32 = 1/2 v_t² - 60

- 32 + 60 = 1/2 v_t²

28 = 1/2 v_t²

2 (28) = v_t²

56 = v_t²

v_t = .4.14

v_t = 2√14 ms^-1

3. Ibhulokhi liyawa phansi endizeni ethambekele phansi. Ijubane lokuqala lingu-0 m/s kanti ijubane lokugcina lingu- I-10 ms^-1Uma amandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic engu-2 N kanye nokusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi g = 10 ms^-2, kuyini ukuphakama (h) ?

Kwaziwa:

Isisindo (m) = 1 kg

Ijubane lokuqala (v)_o= = 0 (ukuphumula kwebhulokhi)

Ijubane lokugcina (v)_t) = 10 ms^-1

Ukuphakama kokuqala (h)_o) = h

Ukuphakama kokugcina (h_t= = 0

Amandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic (f)_k) = 2 N

Ukusheshisa ngenxa yamandla adonsela phansi (g) = 10 ms^-2

Kufunwa: Ubude (h)

Isixazululo:

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic:

W_nc = – f_k s = – (2)(15) = – 30

Uphawu lokususa lubonisa ukuthi isiqondiso samandla okungqubuzana kwe-kinetic siphambene nesiqondiso sokufuduka.

Ushintsho kumandla e-kinetic:

ΔEK = 1/2 m (v_t² - v_o²) = 1/2 (1)(10² - 0) = 1/2 (10²) = 1/2 (100= = 50

Ushintsho emandleni angaba khona:

ΔEP = mg (h_t - h_o) = (1)(10)(0-h) = (10)(-h) = -10 h

Umgomo wamandla okusebenza nowokusebenza:

W_nc = ΔEK + ΔEP

– 30 = 50 – 10 amahora

Amahora ayi-10 = 50 + 30

Amahora ayi-10 = 80

h = 80/10

h = 8 m

4Uma ibhlogo lihamba phansi endaweni ethambekele kakhulu, khona-ke….
A. Umsebenzi owenziwa ngamandla adonsela phansi ebhulokini mkhulu kunoshintsho lwamandla angaba khona ebhulokini.
B. Amandla omshini ayanda
C. Inani lamandla e-kinetic kanye namandla akhona ancishisiwe
D. Umsebenzi wenziwa ngamandla okungqubuzana alingana noshintsho lwamandla e-kinetic ebhulokhi
Isixazululo

U-A unephutha

Umsebenzi owenziwa ngamandla adonsela phansi ebhulokini ulingana noshintsho emandleni adonsela phansi ebhulokini.

U-B unephutha

Uma ku-cIndiza ebekwe eceleni ibushelelezi khona-ke amandla omshini webhloko ahlala njalo. Uma iphezulu endizeni ethambekele futhi ingakahambi, amandla omshini webhloko alingana namandla okudonsa amandla adonsela phansi. Ibhloko lisaphumule ngakho amandla alo e-kinetic ayi-zero. Uma lihamba phansi endizeni ethambekele, ukuphakama kwebhloko kuyancishiswa ngakho amandla okudonsa amandla adonsela phansi nawo ayancishiswa. Amandla okudonsa amandla adonsela phansi ayancipha ngoba ashintsha abe amandla e-kinetic. Nakuba amandla okudonsa amandla adonsela phansi eshintsha abe amandla e-kinetic, amandla omshini ahlala njalo.

Uma indiza ethambekele ilukhuni khona-ke amandla omshini ebhulokhi ayancipha ngenxa yomsebenzi ongemuhle owenziwa amandla omshini. Amandla omshini angamandla angalondolozi. Umsebenzi owenziwa amandla angalondolozi entweni ubangela ukuba amandla omshini ento anciphe.

U-C ulungile

Indiza ethambekele ilukhuni ngakho-ke kukhona amandla okungqubuzana aphonsela inselelo ukunyakaza kwebhlokhi. Amandla okungqubuzana angamandla angaguquki. Amandla okusebenza-omshini we-theorem athi umsebenzi owenziwa amandla angaguquki (isibonelo amandla okungqubuzana) ulingana noshintsho lwamandla omshini. Kulokhu kuphishekela, amandla omshini ayancipha.

Amandla omshini ebhulokhi = amandla adonsela phansi + amandla e-kinetic.

U-D unephutha.

Umsebenzi owenziwa amandla okungqubuzana ebhulokini ulingana noshintsho lwamandla omshini webhulokhi, hhayi ushintsho lwamandla okungqubuzana ebhulokhi. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi amandla okungqubuzana aphonsela inselelo ukunyakaza kwebhulokhi ngakho-ke anciphisa ijubane lebhulokhi futhi anciphise amandla okungqubuzana ebhulokhi. Kodwa qaphela ukuthi amandla okungqubuzana ebhulokhi avela emandleni anamandla adonsela phansi. Ngakho-ke kuyiqiniso ukuthi umsebenzi wenziwa amandla okungqubuzana alingana noshintsho lwamandla omshini (amandla omshini ayancipha).

Impendulo efanele ithi C.

5Into ephansi eliqinile iyashaywa ukuze inyakaze imizuzwana emi-3 bese iyama. Uma isisindo esaziwayo sale nto singamagremu ayi-10, amandla okungqubuzana phakathi kwento nephansi angamakhiloyne ama-2. Thola umsebenzi owenziwe amandla okungqubuzana.

A. 0.18 J

B. -0.18 J

C. 0.36 J

D. -0.36 J

Kwaziwa:

Isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana eyi-3

Isivinini sokugcina (v)_t) = 0 m/s (ukuphumula kwezinto)

Isisindo sento (m) = 10 amagremu = 10/1000 kg = 1/100 kg = 0.01 kg

Amandla okungqubuzana (F) = 2 kilodyne = 2 x 10³ mxolisi

Kufunwa: Umsebenzi (W) wenziwa ngamandla okungqubuzana

Isixazululo:

Ukuguqulwa kwamayunithi amandla:

1 Newton = 1 x 10⁵ mxolisi

I-dyne eyi-1 = 1/10⁵ I-Newton = 1 x 10^-5 I-Newton = 10^-5 Newton

Amandla okungqubuzana (F) = 2 x 10³ i-dyne = 2 x 10³ x 10^-5 I-Newton = 2 x 10^-2 I-Newton = 2/100 I-Newton = 0.02 I-Newton

Ithiyori yamandla okusebenza-okusebenza ithi umsebenzi wenziwa ngamandla angewona awokugcina izinto entweni elingana noshintsho emandleni okusebenza kwento.

Uma into ihamba endizeni ethambekele khona-ke amandla omshini (ME) = amandla adonsela phansi (PE) + amandla omshini (KE). Kodwa uma into ihamba endizeni evundlile ukuze kungabikho ushintsho ekuphakameni, amandla omshini = amandla omshini. Endizeni evundlile, amandla adonsela phansi ayi-zero ngoba akukho ushintsho ekuphakameni.

Amandla okungqubuzana angamandla angaguquki. Amandla okungqubuzana avame ukunciphisa ijubane lento kanye namandla okuhambahamba kwento. Angaphetha ngokuthi umsebenzi owenziwa amandla okungqubuzana entweni ulingana nokwehla kwamandla omshini.

Ngokwezibalo:

Umsebenzi (W) = Ushintsho lwamandla omshini (ΔEM)

F s = ΔEP + ΔEK

F s = mg Δh + ½ m (v_t² - v_o²)

F s = mg (0) + ½ m (0² - v_o²)

F s = 0 + ½ m (– (v_o²))

F s = – ½ mv_o² ———— Isibalo 1

Incazelo: F = amandla okungqubuzana, d = ukufuduka, m = isisindo, v_o = isivinini sokuqala

Ukufuduka (d) kanye nesivinini sokuqala (v)_o) akukaziwa okwamanje ngoba kuqala ubale i-v_o noma d. Umsebenzi owenziwe ngamandla okungqubuzana ubalwe kusetshenziswa esinye sezibalo ngemuva kuka-v owaziwayo_o noma d.

Isibalo sokufuduka (d) ekuhambeni okuqondile okungalingani:

v_t² =v_o² + 2 (-a) s

Isivinini sokugcina (v_t) = 0 futhi ukusheshisa (a) kusayinwe ngokuthi kuphambene ngoba into yehlisiwe (ijubane lento liyehla).

0 = v_o² – izikhangiso ezi-2

v_o² = isikhangiso esingu-2

d = v_o² / 2 a———— Isibalo 2

Shintsha u-d ku-equation 2 no-d ku-equation 1:

F d = – ½ mv_o²

F (v)_o²/2a) = – ½ mv_o²

(F/2a) v_o² = – ½ mv_o²

F/2a = – ½ m

F = (2)(a)(-1/2)(m)

F = – (a)(m)

a = – (F / m)

a = – 0.02 Newtons / 0.01 kg

a = – 2 Newton/kg

a = – 2 m/s²

Isibalo sokubala isivinini sokuqala (v_o) ekunyakazeni okuqondile okungalingani:

v_t =v_o + ku —–> Isivinini sokugcina (v_t) = 0, Ukusheshisa (a) = 2 m/s², isikhawu sesikhathi (t) = imizuzwana emi-3

0 = v_o + (-2)(3)

0 = v_o - 6

v_o = amamitha ayi-6/umzuzwana

Umsebenzi (W) owenziwe ngamandla okungqubuzana:

W = – ½ mv_o² = -1/2 (0.01)(6²) = -1/2 (0.01)(36)

W = -1/2 (0.36)

W = – 0.18 Joule

Umsebenzi owenziwe amandla okungqubuzana usayinwe ungemuhle okusho ukuthi umsebenzi wehlisa amandla okusebenza ento.

Uma kwaziwa ukuthi u-d umsebenzi ungabala usebenzisa i-equation ka- W = F d.

Impendulo efanele ngu-B.

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1. Umsebenzi owenziwa ngezinkinga zamandla nezixazululo
2. Izinkinga zamandla e-kinetic kanye nezixazululo zomsebenzi
3. Izinkinga nezixazululo zesimiso samandla okusebenza-okusebenza ngomshini
4. Izinkinga zamandla adonsela phansi kanye nezixazululo ezingaba khona
5. Amandla angaba khona ezinkinga zentwasahlobo ezinwebekayo nezixazululo
6. Izinkinga zikagesi nezixazululo
7. Ukusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwamandla omshini ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokuwa kwamahhala
8. Ukusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwamandla omshini wokunyakaza okuphezulu nokwehla ekunyakazeni kokuwa kwamahhala
9. Ukusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwamandla okusebenza ukuze kushukunyiswe endaweni egobile
10. Ukusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwamandla omshini ukuze kushukunyiswe endizeni ethambekele
11. Ukusetshenziswa kokulondolozwa kwamandla okusebenza ngomshini wokunyakaza okubonakalayo