I-Vector - izinkinga nezixazululo
I-Vector kanye ne-Scalar
1. Phakathi kwezinketho ezilandelayo, okuyizibhangqa ze-scalar-vector…
A. Amandla – ukusheshisa
B. Ukucindezela – amandla
C. Ukufuduka – isivinini
D. Ugesi wamanje – ingcindezi
Isixazululo:
Amandla = i-vector, ukusheshisa = i-vector
Ingcindezi = i-scalar, amandla = i-vector
Ukufuduka = i-vector, isivinini = i-scalar
Amandla kagesi = i-scalar, ingcindezi = i-scalar
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
2.
Impendulo efanele iboniswa ngenombolo…
A. 1 no-4
B. 1 kanye no-2
C. 2 no-3
D. 3 no-4
Isixazululo:
Isivinini = i-scalar
Ukufuduka = i-vector
Isisindo = i-vector
Ukusheshisa = i-vector
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
Izingxenye zama-vector
3. Amavekhtha amabili, u-F 1 = 20 N kanye no-F 2 = 30 N, anesiqondiso njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. Thola umphumela wezingxenye zamavekhtha ku-x-axis kanye ne-y-axis.
A. 5√3 N kanye no -25 N
B. -5√3 N kanye no-25 N
C. 25 N kanye no-5√3 N
D. 30 N kanye no-25√3 N
Kwaziwa:
F 1 = 20 Newton
I-engeli phakathi kwe-F 1 ne-x axis = 30 o
F 2 = 30 Newton
I-engeli ephakathi kwe-F 2 kanye ne-x axis =30 o
Kufunwa: F x kanye F y
Isixazululo:
F 1x = F 1 cos 30 o = (20)(0.5√3) = 10√3 Newton (kanye nophawu ngoba lukhomba ku-+x axis)
F 1y = F 1 sin 30 o = (20)(0.5) = 10 Newtons (kanye nophawu ngoba iphuzu ku-+y axis)
F 2x = F 2 cos 30 o = (30)(0.5√3) = -15√3 Newton (uphawu lokususa ngoba lukhomba ku-axis -x)
F 2y = F 2 sin 30 o = (30)(0.5) = 15 Newtons (kanye nophawu ngoba lukhomba ku-+y axis)
Umphumela wengxenye ka-x:
F x = F 1x + F 2x = 10√3 N – 15√3 N = -5√3 AmaNewton
Umphumela wengxenye ka-y:
F y = F 1y + F 2y = 10 N + 15 N = 25 Newtons
Impendulo efanele ngu-B.
Umphumela wamavektha amabili
4. Izingane ezimbili u-A no-B basunduza ibhlogo, uma u-A esunduza ibhloko ngaseningizimu ngamandla angu-400 N futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo u-B esunduza ibhloko ngasempumalanga ngamandla angu-300 N, khona-ke thola umphumela wamandla u-A no-B.
A. 100 N eningizimu
B. 100 N empumalanga
C. 500 N eningizimu-mpumalanga
D. 700 N eningizimu-mpumalanga
Kwaziwa:
U = enyakatho, T = empumalanga, S = eningizimu, B = entshonalanga
TL = enyakatho-mpumalanga, TG = eningizimu-mpumalanga, BD = eningizimu-ntshonalanga, BL = enyakatho-ntshonalanga
A = amaNewton angu-400 eningizimu
B = amaNewton angu-300 ngasempumalanga
Okufunwayo: ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso samandla anetha (R)
Isixazululo:
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
Umphumela we-vector of displacement
5. Othile ugibela isithuthuthu esuka ekhaya ibanga elingamakhilomitha ayi-6 ukuya enyakatho bese kuba ngamakhilomitha ayi-8 ukuya empumalanga. Thola indawo yokugcina yomuntu kusukela endaweni yokuqala.
A. 14 km enyakatho-mpumalanga
B. 14 km eningizimu-ntshonalanga
C. 10 km enyakatho-mpumalanga
D. 10 km enyakatho-ntshonalanga
Kwaziwa:
Okufunwayo: ubukhulu kanye nesiqondiso sokufuduka okubangelwa yilokhu
Isixazululo:
Impendulo efanele ithi C.
6.
Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, Uma isikwele esisodwa simelela i-1 km, pho kuyini ukufuduka okuphelele.
Isixazululo:
Ibanga = A + B + C = 6 + 6 + 2 = 14 km
Ukufuduka = R = 12 km
7. Imoto ihamba ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-B ngamakhilomitha angu-30 enyakatho, bese kuba ngamakhilomitha angu-60 empumalanga, bese kuba ngamakhilomitha angu-110 eningizimu. Thola ukuthi imoto isuka ku-A iye ku-D.
Isixazululo:
I-AA' = 60 km
A'D = 110 km – 30 km = 80 km
8. Imoto ihamba isuka edolobheni A iye edolobheni B 100 km enyakatho, bese iya edolobheni C 60 km empumalanga, bese iya edolobheni D 20 km eningizimu. Thola ukuthi imoto izohamba kanjani.
Isixazululo:
I-D'D = 60 km
AD' = 100 km – 20 km = 80 km
- Iyini i-vector?
- Impendulo: Ivektha iyinani elinobukhulu (usayizi) kanye nesiqondiso. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi ijubane, amandla, kanye nokusheshisa.
- I-vector ihluke kanjani ku-scalar?
- Impendulo: I-scalar inobukhulu kuphela, kuyilapho i-vector inobukhulu kanye nesiqondiso. Isibonelo, izinga lokushisa liyi-scalar ngoba linenani kodwa alikho isiqondiso, kanti ijubane liyi-vector ngoba libonisa isivinini (ubukhulu) ohlangothini oluthile.
- I-vector ingamelwa kanjani ngemidwebo?
- Impendulo: Ivektha ingamelwa ngemidwebo ngomcibisholo. Ubude bomcibisholo bumelela ubukhulu bevektha, kanti isiqondiso somcibisholo sibonisa isiqondiso sevektha.
- Kubaluleke ngani umsila nekhanda le-vector?
- Impendulo: Umsila uyindawo yokuqala yevektha, kanti ikhanda (noma isihloko) liyindawo yokugcina. Lapho kwenziwa imisebenzi efana nokwengeza ivektha, umsila wevektha eyodwa ubekwa ekhanda lenye.
- Ama-vector ahlanganiswa kanjani ndawonye?
- Impendulo: Amavektha ayengezwa kusetshenziswa indlela yekhanda nomsila. Umsila wevektha yesibili ubekwa ekhanda leyokuqala. Ivektha ephumayo ikhishwa kusukela emsila wevektha yokuqala iye ekhanda levektha yesibili.
- Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-vector yeyunithi kanye ne-vector engenalutho?
- Impendulo: Ivektha yeyunithi inobukhulu obuyi-1 futhi ikhomba ohlangothini oluthile. Isetshenziselwa ukumela isiqondiso sevektha ngaphandle kokubheka ubukhulu bayo. Ivektha engenalutho (noma engu-zero) ayinabukhulu futhi ayinasiqondiso esithile.
- I-vector ingaphindaphindwa kanjani nge-scalar?
- Impendulo: Ukuphindaphinda i-vector nge-scalar kushintsha ubukhulu bayo kodwa hhayi isiqondiso sayo. Uma i-scalar ilungile, isiqondiso sihlala sifana; uma singesihle, isiqondiso siyaguqulwa.
- Kusho ukuthini ukuthi amavektha amabili abe aqondile noma aqondile?
- Impendulo: Amavektha amabili aqondile noma aqondile uma i-engeli ephakathi kwawo ingu-90 degrees. Umkhiqizo wawo wamachashazi uzoba yi-zero.
- Umphumela wamavektha amabili unqunywa kanjani?
- Impendulo: Umphumela uyisamba samavekhtha amabili. Ngokwemidwebo, lapho amavekhtha emelelwa njengemicibisholo, ungathola umphumela ngokubeka umsila wevekhtha yesibili ekhanda leyokuqala bese udweba umcibisholo omusha (umphumela) kusukela emsileni wevekhtha yokuqala kuya ekhanda leyesibili.
- Uma i-vector ikhomba empumalanga ngobukhulu obungamayunithi ayi-10, ungakuchaza kanjani okuphambene nayo?
- Impendulo: Okuphambene nalokhu kwe-vector kungaba nobukhulu obufanayo (amayunithi ayi-10) kodwa kungakhomba ohlangothini oluphambene, okungukuthi, entshonalanga.
