I-microscope ehlanganisiwe - izinkinga nezixazululo

I-microscope ehlanganisiwe - izinkinga nezixazululo

1.

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, kuyini ukukhuliswa okuphelele? Ake sithi iso elivamile ngakho iphuzu eliseduze (N) = 25 cm.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (fo ₎ = 2 cm

Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (do _o ) = 2.2 cm

Iphuzu eliseduze leso elivamile (N) = 25 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (fe ₎ = 25 cm

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa okuphelele (M)

Isixazululo:

Uma isithombe sokugcina sakhiwe ilensi ye-eyepiece ku-infinity khona-ke iso liyakhululeka. Uma isithombe sokugcina singekho ku-infinity khona-ke iso alikhululeki.

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, ibanga lesithombe esibonakalayo lakhiwa ilensi ye-eyepiece ekungapheli. Isithombe sokugcina ekungapheli ukuze iso likhululeke.

Okokuqala, bala ibanga lesithombe kusukela kulensi eqondiwe (do _o '). Ilensi eqondiwe ilensi ehlanganayo ukuze ibanga lesithombe libalwe kusetshenziswa i-equation yelensi ehlanganayo.

Ubude be-focal belensi ehlanganayo buhle.

1/do _' = 1/f _o – 1/do _o = 1/2 – 1 / 2.2 = 11 / 22 – 10/22 = 1/22

do _o ' = 22/1 = 22 cm

Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwe -microscope :

2.

Ngokusekelwe esithombeni esingenhla, lingakanani ibanga phakathi kwelensi eqondile nelensi ye-eyepiece ye-microscope?

Isixazululo:

I-microscope inamalensi aqondile kanye nawamehlo (amehlo). I-microscope isetshenziselwa ukubuka izinto eziseduze kakhulu. Isithombe esakhiwe yilensi eqondile yisithombe sangempela. Isithombe sikhuliswa ilensi yemehlo sibe isithombe esikhulu kakhulu esibonakalayo.

Kwaziwa:

Ubude be-focal lens ye-objective (fo ₎ = 1.8 cm (Ubude be-focal bulungile ngoba i-objective lens iyilensi ehlanganayo)

Ubude obuqondile belensi ye-eyepiece (fe ₎ = 6 cm (Ubude obuqondile bulungile ngoba ilensi yeso iyilensi ehlanganayo)

Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (do _o ) = 2 cm (kanye nesibonakaliso sibonisa ukuthi isithombe singokoqobo)

Okufunwayo: Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece (ubude be-microscope = d)

Isixazululo:

Ibanga eliphakathi kwesithombe nelensi eqondile ( do _o ') :

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/do _' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2 = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

do _o ' = 18 cm

Isithombe sangempela sakhiwa ilensi eqondile etholakala endaweni eqondile yelensi ye-eyepiece, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso:

l = do _o ' + f _e = 18 cm + 6 cm = 24 cm

3.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe lingu-1.1 cm, ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-1 cm kanti ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe bungu-5 cm. Iyini i-magnification iyonke ye-microscope?

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (do _o ) = 1.1 cm

Ubude be-focal lens ye-objective (fo ₎ = 1 cm (Ubude be-focal bulungile ngoba i-objective lens iyilensi ehlanganayo)

Ubude be-focal lens yeso (fe ₎ = 5 cm (Ubude be-focal bulungile ngoba ilensi yeso iyilensi ehlanganayo)

Okufunwayo: Ukukhulisa okuphelele (M)

Isixazululo:

Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwe-microscope kuwumkhiqizo wokwandiswa kwelensi eqondiwe (m _o ) ngokuphindwe kathathu kunokwandiswa kwe-angular (M _e ) kwelensi ye-eyepiece.

Ukwandiswa kwelensi eqondiwe:

Isibalo sokukhulisa okuqondile kwelensi yenhloso (m _ob ) :

mo ₌ ho _' /h _o = do _o '/do _o = (l – fe ₎ /do _o

lapho

h _o ' = ukuphakama kwesithombe esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe

h _o = ukuphakama kwento

do _o ' = ibanga eliphakathi kwesithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi eqondiwe

do _o = ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi yokuqondisa

f _e = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso

l = ubude be-microscope = ibanga phakathi kwamalensi amabili = ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe (do o _' ) + ubude obugxile belensi yeso f _e )

Ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi eqondiwe ( do _o ') :

Okokuqala, thola ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sangempela kanye nelensi eqondile:

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/do _' = 1/1 – 1 / 1.1 = 11/11 – 10/11 = 1/11

do _o ' = 11 cm

Isithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe sisephuzwini eliqondisiwe lamehlo, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla.

Ukwandiswa kwelensi eqondiwe:

m _o = do _o ' / do _o = 11 cm / 1.1 cm = 10

Ukukhulisa ilensi yeso:

Uma iso likhululekile, khona-ke ukukhuliswa kwelensi yeso (Me ₎ :

M _e = N / f _e

kuphi

N = iphuzu eliseduze leso (25 cm)

f _e = ubude obuqondile belensi yeso = 5 cm

Ukukhulisa okune-angular kwelensi yeso ( _Me ) :

I _-Me = N / f _e = 25 cm / 5 cm = 5

Ukwandiswa okuphelele kwe-microscope:

M = m _o x M _e = 10 x 5 = 50

4.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso ye-microscope.

Kwaziwa:

Ibanga phakathi kwento kanye nelensi eqondiwe (do _o ) = 2 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi eqondiwe (fo ₎ = 1.8 cm

Ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sangempela kanye nelensi yeso (de _e ) = 6 cm

Ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (fe _e ) = 6 cm

Okufunwayo: Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondile kanye nelensi yeso (ubude be-microscope)

Isixazululo:

Uma iso likhululekile, isithombe sokugcina esakhiwe yilensi yeso singapheli. Isithombe sokugcina singapheli uma isithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondile sisesikhundleni esiyinhloko selensi yeso.

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso (l) = ibanga eliphakathi kwesithombe sangempela esakhiwe yilensi eqondiwe (do _' ) + ubude obuqondile belensi yeso (fe _e ).

Ibanga phakathi kwesithombe sangempela kanye nelensi eqondiwe (do _o '):

1/do _o + 1/do _o ' = 1/fo _o

1/do _' = 1/fo _– 1/do _o

1/do _' = 1 / 1.8 – 1/2

1/do _' = 10/18 – 9/18 = 1/18

do _o ' = 18 cm

Ibanga eliphakathi kwelensi eqondiwe kanye nelensi yeso (ubude be-microscope):

l = do _o ' + f _e

l = 18 cm + 6 cm

l = 24 cm

1. Iyini i-microscope ehlanganisiwe?
   • Impendulo: I-microscope ehlanganisiwe iyithuluzi elibonakalayo elisebenzisa amalensi amaningi ukukhulisa izinto ezincane, okwenza umbukeli akwazi ukubona imininingwane emincane kakhulu ukuba ingabonwa ngamehlo enyama.
2. I-microscope ehlanganisiwe ihluke kanjani kwi-microscope elula?
   • Impendulo: I-microscope elula isebenzisa ilensi eyodwa kuphela yokukhulisa (njengengilazi yokukhulisa), kanti i-microscope ehlanganisiwe isebenzisa amasethi amabili amalensi - ilensi eqondile eduze kwesampula kanye nelensi ye-eyepiece lapho umbukeli ebuka khona.
3. Yiziphi izingxenye eziyinhloko ze-microscope ehlanganisiwe, futhi yimiphi imisebenzi yazo?
   • Impendulo: Izingxenye eziyinhloko zifaka:
     • Amalensi Ahlosiwe: Lezi ziwuchungechunge lwamalensi anokukhulisa okuhlukahlukene okubekwe eduze kakhulu nesampula.
     • Ilensi Yesiqeshana Seso (Iso): Lena ilensi lapho umbukeli ebuka khona.
     • Isiteji: Ipulatifomu eyisicaba lapho kubekwa khona isampula.
     • I-Condenser: Igxila ekukhanyeni kwesampula.
     • Isibani/Umthombo Wokukhanya: Inikeza ukukhanya ukuze ubone isampula.
     • Ama-Knobs Aqinile Nawokugxilisa Okuhle: Lungisa ukugxila.
4. Kunqunywa kanjani ukukhuliswa okuphelele kwe-microscope ehlanganisiwe?
   • Impendulo: Ukukhulisa okuphelele kunqunywa ngokuphindaphinda ukukhulisa ilensi eqondiwe ngokukhulisa ilensi ye-eyepiece.
5. Kungani uwoyela wokucwilisa ngezinye izikhathi usetshenziswa namalensi anamandla amakhulu?
   • Impendulo: Uwoyela wokucwilisa usetshenziselwa ukwandisa ukucaca kwe-microscope. Une-refractive index efanayo nengilazi, enciphisa ukuhlakazeka kokukhanya futhi ivumele ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuthi kungene kulensi eqondiwe.
6. Lisho ukuthini igama elithi “isixazululo” ku-microscopy?
   • Impendulo: Isixazululo sibhekisela ekhonweni le-microscope lokuhlukanisa ngokucacile amaphuzu amabili asondelene kakhulu. Sichaza ukucaca kanye nezinga lemininingwane engabonakala.
7. Kungani ukudaya kuvame ukusetshenziswa lapho kubonwa amasampula ngaphansi kwe-microscope ehlanganisiwe?
   • Impendulo: Ukupenda kuthuthukisa umehluko phakathi kwezingxenye ezahlukene zesampula, okwenza izakhiwo noma izingxenye ezithile zibonakale kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-microscope.
8. Iyini uhlelo lwelensi “ye-parfocal” ku-microscope ehlanganisiwe?
   • Impendulo: Uhlelo lwelensi ye-parfocal lusho ukuthi uma ilensi eyodwa eqondile igxile, amanye amalensi aqondile nawo azobe egxile cishe. Luvumela ukushintshashintsha phakathi kwamalensi aqondile ngaphandle kokuphinda kugxile kakhulu.
9. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-microscope ehlanganisiwe ye-monocular kanye ne-binocular?
   • Impendulo: I-microscope ehlanganisiwe ye-monocular ine-eyepiece eyodwa yokubuka, kuyilapho i-microscope ehlanganisiwe ye-binocular ine-eyepiece ezimbili, enikeza ukubuka okukhululekile kanye nokuqonda okujulile.
10. Kungani isampula kungadingeka ibe mncane kakhulu uma ibukwa ngaphansi kwe-microscope ehlanganisiwe?

• Impendulo: Isampula encane ivumela ukukhanya okwengeziwe ukuthi kudlule, okuholela esithombeni esicacile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amasampula amakhulu angase angagxili ekujuleni kwawo ngenxa yokujula okulinganiselwe kwensimu ye-microscope.