Isihloko mayelana nomthetho wokulondolozwa kwamacala kagesi
Zonke izinto ezikhona endaweni yonke zakhiwe ngama-athomu. Ama-athomu akhiwa ngama-proton, ama-neutron, nama-electron. I-proton ishajwa ngogesi ngendlela eqinisekile; ama-electron ashajwa ngogesi ngendlela engalungile, ama-neutron awashajwa ngogesi. Ngaphakathi kwe-athomu, kukhona ama-electron, ama-proton, nama-neutron athile. Uma inani lama-electron lilingana nenani lama-proton, inani eliphelele likagesi ku-athomu lingu-zero. Ama-athomu anjengalawa awakhethi ngogesi. Uma inani lama-electron lingaphezu kwenani lama-proton, khona-ke i-athomu ishajwa ngogesi ngendlela engalungile. Uma inani lama-electron lingaphansi kwenani lama-proton, khona-ke i-athomu ishajwa ngogesi ngendlela eqinisekile.
Into ngayinye yakhiwe ngama-athomu, ngakho-ke uma ama-athomu akha into enama-electron amaningi njengama-proton, khona-ke into ayishajiwanga noma ayithathi hlangothi. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ama-athomu enama-electron amaningi kunama-proton, khona-ke into ishajwa kabi. Ngokufanayo, uma ama-athomu enama-electron ambalwa kunama-proton, khona-ke into ishajwa kahle.
Izinto eziningi ezitholakala ekuphileni kwansuku zonke azinawo ugesi. Kodwa-ke, lezi zinto zingashintshwa zibe yinto eshajelwe ngogesi. Ukushintsha izinto ezinganawo ugesi zibe yizinto ezishajelwe ngogesi kungenziwa ngokushayisana noma ngokungenisa. Ngendlela yokushayisana, izinto ezishajelwe ngogesi zixhunywa nezinye izinto,
Ngokuphambene nalokho, endleleni yokungenisa, izinto ezishajwe ngogesi azithinti kodwa ziseduze nezinye izinto ezishajwe ngogesi.
Ipulasitiki engathathi hlangothi ekuqaleni ishajwa ngogesi ngemva kokuhlikihla ngezinwele ezomile. Ubufakazi bokuthi ipulasitiki ishajwe ngogesi yizinduku ezimbili zepulasitiki eziye zahlikihla ngezinwele ezomile ngaphambilini, zixoshana. Zombili izinduku zepulasitiki ziyaxoshana ngoba zinamashaji afanayo. Njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni sokushaja ngogesi, ngokwesivumelwano esisekelwe eseluleko sikaBenjamin Franklin (1706-1790), ishaja kagesi ephethwe yipulasitiki inqunywa njengeshaja engemihle. Ipulasitiki ishajwa kabi ukuze inani eliphelele lama-electron epulasitiki libe ngaphezu kwenani lama-proton. Kupulasitiki engemihle, kungaphethwa ngokuthi ukweqisa kwama-electron aphethwe yipulasitiki manje kuvela ezinweleni. Ama-electron ezinweleni athuthela epulasitiki ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana phakathi kwepulasitiki nezinwele. Izinwele ekuqaleni azithathi hlangothi ukuze lapho ama-electron ethuthela epulasitikini, izinwele zintula ama-electron nama-proton amaningi. Ipulasitiki ishajwa kabi, futhi izinwele zishajwe kahle.
Akukho shaja elahlekayo ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana; ishaja ayidalwa ngesikhathi sokungqubuzana, okwenzekayo ukudluliselwa kweshaja. Ipulasitiki iba ne-negative charge, kanti izinwele ziba ne-positive charge.
Umthetho wokulondolozwa kwamacala kagesi uthi ohlelweni oluvaliwe, amacala kagesi awadalwa noma abhujiswe, kodwa asuswa kuphela entweni eyodwa aye kwenye. Inani eliphelele lamacala kagesi akhiqizwa kunoma iyiphi inqubo liyi-zero.
Uma into ishajwa kahle, ngesikhathi esifanayo enye into ishajwa kabi, lapho into ngayinye inamashaji afanayo. Uhlelo oluvaliwe esitatimendeni esingenhla luboniswe kanje. Isibonelo, lapho ipulasitiki nezinwele zixubana, kubhekwa ukuthi ukudluliselwa kweshaja kagesi kwenzeka kuphela phakathi kwepulasitiki nezinwele, akubandakanyi umoya.
