Umthetho kaCoulomb

Isihloko mayelana nomthetho kaCoulomb

Esihlokweni mayelana nokushaja kagesi kanye nezinhlobo zamacala kagesi kuchazwe ukuthi amacala afanayo ayaxoshana kuyilapho ngokungafani namacala kuyadonselana. Ngamanye amazwi, izinto ezishajwe kahle zidonsela izinto ezishajwe kabi, izinto ezishajwe kahle zidonsela izinto ezishajwe kahle, kanye nezinto ezishajwe kabi zidonsela izinto ezishajwe kabi. Lesi senzakalo sibonisa ukuba khona kwamandla kagesi asebenza ezintweni ezishajwe kahle kanye nezinto ezishajwe kabi. Yiziphi izici ezithonya amandla kagesi phakathi kwezinto ezishajwe kahle?

Isazi sesayensi yezinkanyezi saseFrance uCharles Coulomb (1736-1806) wenza uchungechunge lwezivivinyo ngawo-1780 ukuze ahlole izici ezithinta ubukhulu bamandla kagesi phakathi kwezinto ezishajwe ngogesi. Idivayisi esetshenziswa nguCoulomb ifana nedivayisi esetshenziswa nguCavendish ukuphenya i-gravitational constant, ebizwa ngokuthi i-torsion balance. UCoulomb wahlola amandla kagesi, ngakho wasebenzisa amabhola amabili ensimbi ashajwe ngogesi, kanti uCavendish wahlola amandla adonsela phansi, ngakho wasebenzisa amabhola amabili anobunzima ayengashajwe ngogesi.

Izici ezithinta amandla kagesi

Ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okwenziwe kusetshenziswa ibhalansi yokugoba, uCoulomb wathola izinto eziningana.

– Kulolu vivinyo, ibanga phakathi kwamabhola amabili aqinile lihlala lifana. Uma inani lokushaja kagesi ebholeni eliqinile 1 lingu-1, kanti inani lokushaja kagesi ebholeni eliqinile 2 liyinye, khona-ke amandla kagesi asebenza kuwo womabili amabhola aqinile angu-1.

umkhiqizo wobukhulu beshaja kwenye, Q₁, iphinda ubukhulu bokushaja kolunye, Q₂ (F ≈ q₁ q₂).

– Kulolu vivinyo, inani lamandla kagesi asebenza kuzo zombili izibhola eziqinile lihlala lifana. Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezibhola ezimbili eziqinile lilinye, khona-ke amandla kagesi asebenza kuzo zombili izibhola eziqinile lingu-1. Uma ibanga eliphakathi kwezibhola ezimbili eziqinile lingama-2, khona-ke amandla kagesi asebenza kuzo zombili izibhola eziqinile lingu-¼. UCoulomb uphethe ngokuthi ubukhulu bamandla kagesi asebenza kuzo zombili izibhola eziqinile bulingana ngokuphambene nesikwele sebanga (F ≈ 1 / r).²)

Umthetho kaCoulomb

Umthetho kaCoulomb ungomunye wemithetho yefiziksi echaza ubudlelwano phakathi kwamandla kagesi, ishaja kagesi kanye nebanga phakathi kwamacala kagesi. Lo mthetho waklanywa ngokusekelwe ekuhlolweni okwenziwe ngu I-Coulomb njengoba kuchaziwe esihlokweni esandulele.

Umthetho kaCoulomb uthi ubukhulu bamandla asetshenziswa yinhlayiya eshajelwe ngogesi kwenye inhlayiya eshajelwe ngogesi bulingana ngqo

umkhiqizo wokuphindaphinda, ukushaja kwezinhlayiya zombili kanye nokulingana okuphambene nesikwele sebanga eliphakathi kwezinhlayiya zombili. La mandla asebenza kanye nomugqa oqondile oxhumanisa izinhlayiya ezimbili. Izinhlayiya ezinamashaja afanayo ziyaxoshana, kuyilapho izinhlayiya ezinamashaja angafani ziyadonselana.

Umthetho kaCoulomb ungachazwa ngezibalo zezibalo:

F₁₂ = amandla kagesi phakathi kwe-particle 1 kanye ne-particle 2

q₁ = inani lamacala kagesi e-particle 1

q₂ = inani lamacala kagesi e-particle 2

r₁₂ = ibanga phakathi kwe-particle 1 kanye ne-particle 2

F₂₁ amandla asetshenziswa yicala lika-q₂ ngecala lika-q₁, kuyilapho u-F₁₂ amandla asetshenziswa yicala lika-q₁ ngecala lika-q₂. F₂₁ noF₁₂ ukuxoshana lapho izinhlobo zamacala ka-q₁ kanye no-q₂ azifani, futhi ziyakhangana lapho izinhlobo zamacala ka-q₁ kanye no-q₂ azifani.

F₂₁ noF₁₂ anobukhulu obufanayo, uhlangothi oluphambene futhi asebenza ezintweni ezahlukene, ngakho womabili la mandla ayizimbili zamandla okusabela kwesenzo.