I-physics

Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yesibuko esijijekile

Uma into ingaphambili kwesibuko esijiyile esibonakalisa ukukhanya, isibuko esijiyile sizokwakha isithombe sento. Uma ibanga lento esibukweni esijiyile laziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ake sithi into ingaphambili kwesibuko esijiyile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi.

Umugqa ophuzi = isibuko esijiyile

Umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko

Umcibisholo oluhlaza = into

R = isikhungo sokugoba kwesibuko esiqondile

f = ukugxila kwesibuko esijiyile

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Incazelo yesibuko esijiyile

Olunye uhlobo lwesibuko olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yisibuko esijiyile. Isibuko esijiyile sinezimo ezigobile, lapho ubuso besibuko, obubonisa ukukhanya, bugobela phambili.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibuko esijiyile

Uma uke wabona isibuko sokubuka emuva sesithuthuthu noma semoto, vele, usuvele uyazi ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezigobile empilweni yansuku zonke. Izibuko zisetshenziswa njengezibuko zokubuka emuva ngoba izithombe ezakhiwe ngezibuko ezigobile ziqondile, futhi izithombe zincane kunezinto ukuze zibe nobubanzi bokubukwa. Ngaphezu kosayizi wesithombe omncane, zonke izithombe ezakhiwe ngezibuko ezigobile zingokoqobo.

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Isihloko mayelana nezakhiwo zesithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile

Ibanga lento lincane kunobude obuqondile besibuko esigobile (do < f)

Ngokusekelwe ekubalweni kokwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile, kuphethwa ngokuthi uma ibanga lento (do) lincane kunobude obuqondile (f), khona-ke izakhiwo zesithombe yilezi:

– Okubonakalayo kusho ukuthi ukukhanya akudluli esithombeni

– Okuqondile

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Isihloko mayelana ne-concave mirror equation

Ngaphambi kokuthola isibalo sesibuko esigobile, qala ngokufunda imithetho yezimpawu zesibuko esigobile ngezansi.

Imithetho yesibonakaliso sesibuko esigobile

– Ibanga lento (yenza)

Uma into ingaphambili kobuso besibuko obubonisa ukukhanya, ibanga lento (do) lihle.

– Ibanga lesithombe (di)

Uma isithombe singaphambili kobuso besibuko obubonisa ukukhanya, lapho ukukhanya kudlula khona esithombeni, khona-ke ibanga lesithombe (di) lihle (isithombe sangempela). Uma isithombe singemuva kobuso besibuko obubonisa ukukhanya, lapho ukukhanya kungadluli khona esithombeni, khona-ke ibanga lesithombe lihle (isithombe esibonakalayo).

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Ukuze uqonde isithombe sento eyakhiwe yisibuko esigobile, funda izibonelo zezinkinga nezixazululo ngezansi. Kulolu daba, into ithathwa ibanga elithile ukusuka esibukweni esigobile, bese udweba ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile,

ibanga lesithombe ukusuka esibukweni esigobile kanye nokukhulisa isithombe esakhiwe yisibuko esigobile.

Cabanga ngesibuko esigobile esinobude obuqondile obungu-20 cm. Dweba ukwakheka kwesithombe bese unquma ibanga lesithombe kanye nokukhulisa isithombe uma:

a) ibanga lezinto lincane kunebanga lobude obuqondile (do

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Isihloko mayelana nemidwebo yemisebe yezibuko ezigobile

Uma into iphambi kwesibuko esigobile esibonakalisa ukukhanya, isibuko esigobile sizokwakha isithombe sento. Uma indawo yento ephambi kwesibuko esigobile iyaziwa, ungadweba kanjani ukwakheka kwesithombe sento? Ukuze kucaciswe lokhu, ake sithi into iphambi kwesibuko esigobile, njengoba kuboniswe ngezansi.

Umugqa o-orenji = isibuko esigobile

Imigqa eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka = i-axis eyinhloko

Umcibisholo (oluhlaza okotshani) = into

R = isikhungo sokugoba kwesibuko esigobile

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Incazelo yesibuko esigobile

Uhlobo olulodwa lwesibuko olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yisibuko esigobile. Isibuko esigobile yisibuko esinomumo ogobile, lapho ubuso besibuko bubonisa khona amajika okukhanya abuyela emuva.

Ukusetshenziswa kwesibuko esigobile

Uma ufuna ukubona isikhumba sakho sobuso ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe, vala ubuso bakho ebusweni besibuko esigobile esibonakala

kukhombisa ukukhanya ukuze isithombe sobuso bakho sibonakale sikhulu futhi izikhala zesikhumba sobuso zibonakale kahle. Isithombe sobuso bakho sibonakala sikhulu kunobuso bakho ngoba isibuko senza isithombe sande, lapho lokhu kwenzeka khona lapho ibanga lobuso bakho esibukweni esigobile lincane kunobude obuqondile besibuko. Ngenxa yokuthi singakhulisa izithombe, izibuko ezigobile zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabesifazane ukugqoka nokusetshenziswa ngabesilisa lapho beshefa.

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Incazelo yesibuko sendiza

Isibuko sendiza siyisibuko esinobuso obuyisicaba, lapho enye yezindawo zayo imbozwe ngensimbi ekhanyayo ukuze ubuso besibuko sendiza bukwazi ukukhanyisa ngaphezu kwamaphesenti angama-95 okukhanya okusithintayo. Uma ukhanyisa ithoshi ebusweni besibuko sendiza, isibuko sendiza sibonakalisa ukukhanya ukuze amehlo akho akhanye uma isibuko sibonakalisa ithoshi emehlweni akho. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ume phambi kobuso besibuko emini, ubuso bakho bubonakalisa ukukhanya kwelanga ebusweni besibuko, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibuko sibonakalisa ukukhanya kuwe. Uma ume phambi kobuso besibuko sendiza ebusuku, khona-ke ubuso bakho bubonakalisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kukagesi.

ngasebusweni besibuko sendiza, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibuko sendiza sibonakalisa ukukhanya kokukhanya kukagesi kuwe.

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Isihloko mayelana nokuzindla okukhethekile kanye nokuzindla okusabalele

Uma ume phambi kwesibuko sendiza, ungabona isithombe sobuso bakho sibonakala yisibuko sendiza. Uma ume onqenqemeni lwesibuko sendiza, usabubona ubuso bakho ngemuva kwesibuko sendiza? Ungahlola lokhu ngokukhanyisela ithoshi ebusweni besibuko esiyisicaba. Uma ithoshi liqondiswe ngqo ebusweni besibuko sendiza, ithoshi eliboniswa yisibuko sendiza lingabonakala. Kodwa uma ume onqenqemeni lwesibuko sendiza, bese ukhanyisa ithoshi ubheke enkabeni yesibuko esiyisicaba, khona-ke awukwazi ukubona ukubonakaliswa kwethoshi!

Izinto ezahlukene zenzeka uma ubona into emini. Izinto ezifana nezincwadi, amatshe, noma amatafula zingabonakala emini ngoba zibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga. Lezi zinto, njengesibuko enkingeni yangaphambilini. Uma into iphambi kwesibuko sendiza, into ibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga ibheke ebusweni besibuko sendiza. Ukukhanya kwelanga okuboniswa yinto ibheke ebusweni besibuko sendiza bese kuboniswa yisibuko sendiza ibheke esweni ukuze sikwazi ukubona isithunzi sento engemuva kwesibuko sendiza. Izinto ezahlukene zenzeka ezincwadini, ematsheni, noma ematafuleni. Emini, ukukhanya kwelanga kukhishwa encwadini, futhi incwadi ibonisa ukukhanya kwelanga emehlweni, ukuze sikwazi ukubona incwadi. Ebusuku, ukukhanya kukhishwa encwadini, futhi incwadi ibonisa ukukhanya kwesibani ibheke esweni, ukuze sikwazi ukubona incwadi.

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Isihloko mayelana noMthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Incazelo yokuzindla

Ukuzindla kungahunyushwa njengesenzakalo lapho indlela yokunyakaza kwento ishintsha khona ngenxa yokuthi into ishaya isithiyo. Uma uphonsa ibhola odongeni, ibhola liyabonakala ngoba ibhola lishaya odongeni.

Ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya

Uma ukukhanya kukhishwa yilanga noma eminye imithombo yokukhanya njengezibani zikagesi, ukukhanya kuhamba kusuka emthonjeni wokukhanya kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Uma ukukhanya kushaya isithiyo njengencwadi, udonga noma isibuko, ukukhanya kuboniswa yilowo mgoqo. Isiqondiso sokukhanya ngemva kokushaya into evimbelayo sihlukile endleleni yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngaphambi kokushaya isithiyo. Kungashiwo ukuthi ukubonakaliswa kokukhanya kuyisenzakalo lapho ukukhanya kushaya isithiyo ukuze indlela yokukhanya ishintshe; indlela yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngemva kokushaya into evimbelayo ihlukile endleleni yokunyakaza kokukhanya ngaphambi kokushaya isithiyo.

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