Incazelo yesibuko esigobile
Uhlobo olulodwa lwesibuko olusetshenziswa ekuphileni kwansuku zonke yisibuko esigobile. Isibuko esigobile yisibuko esinomumo ogobile, lapho ubuso besibuko bubonisa khona amajika okukhanya abuyela emuva.
Ukusetshenziswa kwesibuko esigobile
Uma ufuna ukubona isikhumba sakho sobuso ngokucacile nangokuningiliziwe, vala ubuso bakho ebusweni besibuko esigobile esibonakala
kukhombisa ukukhanya ukuze isithombe sobuso bakho sibonakale sikhulu futhi izikhala zesikhumba sobuso zibonakale kahle. Isithombe sobuso bakho sibonakala sikhulu kunobuso bakho ngoba isibuko senza isithombe sande, lapho lokhu kwenzeka khona lapho ibanga lobuso bakho esibukweni esigobile lincane kunobude obuqondile besibuko. Ngenxa yokuthi singakhulisa izithombe, izibuko ezigobile zivame ukusetshenziswa ngabesifazane ukugqoka nokusetshenziswa ngabesilisa lapho beshefa.
Izibuko zisetshenziswa nasezibanini zokukhanyisa izimoto. Ukusetshenziswa kwesibuko esibanini zokukhanyisa izimoto, izibani zokukhanyisa izimoto, noma ezinye izibani zokukhanyisa kuhambisana nokukhanya ukuze zonke izibani zikwazi ukuhamba ziqonde phambili. Uma uvula isembozo sangaphambili sengilazi sebani bese ukhulula isibuko esigobile, ibani elivelayo lizoba banzi kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi alikwazi ukukhanyisa izinto noma izindawo zomgwaqo kude.
Ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa ezibanini noma kwezinye izibani, izibuko zisetshenziswa nasezitshalweni zamandla elanga. Esiteshini samandla elanga, isibuko esigobile siqoqa ukukhanya kwelanga, futhi konke ukukhanya kuqondiswa endaweni eqondile yesibuko, lapho endaweni eqondile isibuko esigobile sibekwa khona esitsheni. Ukukhanya kwelanga kusetshenziselwa ukuhwamukisa amanzi esitsheni, lapho umusi usetshenziswa khona ukushayela ama-turbine akhiqiza amandla kagesi.
Indawo egxile esibukweni esigobile
Uma ubuso besibuko esigobile esibonakalisa ukukhanya buvezwa entweni ekude kakhulu njengelanga, khona-ke umsebe wokukhanya okhishwa yilanga uzohambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yesibuko esigobile, njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingezansi. I-axis eyinhloko ingumugqa oqondile ocatshangwayo oqonde ngqo enkabeni yobuso besibuko esigobile. Esifanekisweni esingezansi, imigqa ye-axis eyinhloko ihambisana nendawo lapho kuhlangana khona yonke imisebe yokukhanya eboniswayo.
Uma ishaya ubuso besibuko esigobile, umsebe ngamunye wokukhanya ulalela umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya. Phakathi kwemisebe yokukhanya eyenzeka kanye nemisebe yokukhanya eboniswayo, kunomugqa ojwayelekile oqonde ngqo ebusweni besibuko odlula kuwo umsebe wokukhanya, kodwa umugqa ojwayelekile awuboniswa.
I-engeli ephakathi kwemisebe yokukhanya eyenzeka ngesikhathi kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile iyafana ne-engeli ephakathi kwemisebe yokukhanya eboniswayo kanye nomugqa ojwayelekile. Ngokungafani nesibuko sendiza esinobuso obuyisicaba ukuze yonke imigqa evamile ibe sehlangothini olufanayo, umugqa ojwayelekile wesibuko esigobile awuqondisi ndawo ngoba ubuso besibuko esigobile bugobile futhi abuyisicaba. Yonke imisebe eboniswayo ihlangana endaweni eyodwa ehambisana ne-axis eyinhloko, ebizwa ngokuthi i-focal point (F). Ngamanye amazwi, i-focal point yindawo yesithombe sento ekude kakhulu nobuso besibuko esigobile, njengelanga nezinkanyezi.
Ngokusekelwe emthethweni wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya, isiqondiso somsebe wokukhanya noma umsebe wokukhanya singaguqulwa, ngokungafani nesithombe sangaphambilini. Uma kucatshangwa ukuthi umthombo wokukhanya usesikhungweni esiyinhloko sesibuko esigobile, umsebe wokukhanya okhishwa yinto uboniswa ubuso besibuko esigobile. Isiqondiso somsebe wokukhanya oboniswayo sihambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yesibuko esigobile. Lesi yisimiso esiyisisekelo ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezigobile ezibanini, izibani zemoto, noma ezinye izibani, ukusetshenziswa kwezibuko ezigobile ezitshalweni zamandla elanga.
Ngokusekelwe encazelweni engenhla, kungaphethwa ngokuthi uma kukhona umthombo wokukhanya otholakala endaweni egxile esibukweni esigobile,
umsebe wokukhanya okhishwa yinto uboniswa ubuso besibuko esigobile, lapho umsebe wokukhanya oboniswayo uhambisana ne-axis eyinhloko yesibuko esigobile. Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma into ikude kakhulu, isithombe sento sisekugxilweni kwesibuko esigobile. Uma into ekude kakhulu inesithombe endaweni egxile kuyo, sikuphi isithombe sento uma ibanga lento ukusuka ebusweni besibuko lilinganiselwe noma liseduze? Ukuze uqonde lokhu, sicela ufunde isihloko se- ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile.
Ubude obugxile besibuko esigobile
Ubude be-focal (f) yibanga eliphakathi kwe-focal point (F) kanye nobuso besibuko esigobile. Okulandelayo kuchazwa indlela yokunquma ubude be-focal besibuko esigobile kusetshenziswa imisebe yokukhanya yesigameko kanye nemisebe yokukhanya ebonisiwe.
Iphuzu C liyisikhungo sokugoba kwesibuko esigobile. Ubude obuqondile besibuko esigobile ngu-f (ubude obuqondile = f = FQ), kanti irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esigobile ngu-r (irediyasi yokugoba = r = CQ = CP).
Imisebe yokukhanya yesigameko ishaya isibuko esigoqekile ku-P bese iboniswa ibheke endaweni yokugxila u-F. Umugqa onamachashazi i-CP umugqa ojwayelekile. Imisebe yokukhanya engenayo kanye nemisebe yokukhanya eboniswayo igcwalisa umthetho wokubonakaliswa kokukhanya, lapho i-engeli yokwenzeka (θ) ilingana ne-engeli yokubonakaliswa (θ) futhi le engeli ilingana ne-engeli yonxantathu i-PCQ (θ). I-engeli yonxantathu ye-PCQ ifana ne-engeli yonxantathu i-CPF. Ngakho-ke, unxantathu we-PFC unxantathu olinganayo. Ngenxa yokuthi unxantathu we-PFC unxantathu olinganayo, ubude be-PF bulingana nobude be-CF. Uma ububanzi besibuko buncane kune-radius yesibuko esigoqekile, ubude be-PF bubhekwa njengobulingana nobude be-FQ. Ngoba i-CF = PF kanye ne-PF = FQ, khona-ke i-CQ = 2 CF = 2 FQ. I-CQ = r = i-radius yesibuko esigoqekile kanye ne-FQ = f = ubude obuqondile besibuko esigoqekile. Ngakho-ke, kungaphethwa ngokuthi irediyasi yokugoba kwesibuko esigobile (r) = 2 x ubude obuqondile (f) besibuko esigobile. Ngokwezibalo:
r = 2f noma f = r / 2
Ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile
Izibuko eziqondile zingakha isithombe esibonakalayo kuphela, kuyilapho izibuko ezigobile zingakha isithombe sangempela kanye nesithombe esibonakalayo. Isithombe sento singokoqobo noma singokoqobo, kuye ngokuthi into ikude kangakanani nobuso besibuko esigobile,
futhi lokhu kuchazwe ngokuningiliziwe esihlokweni se- ukwakheka kwesithombe ngesibuko esigobile.
Isithombe sangempela
Isithombe singokoqobo uma umsebe wokukhanya obonakalayo uwela iphuzu lapho isithombe sikhona. Uma isikrini sibekwe endaweni lapho kukhona isithombe sangempela, kuzovela umsebe wokukhanya esikrinini, futhi lo msebe wokukhanya unesimo sento. Ukuba khona kwezithombe zangempela ezakhiwe yizibuko ezigobile yisona sizathu esenza izibuko ezigobile zisetshenziswe kuma-telescope ezinkanyezi. Ngokuphathelene nelensi, uzokwazi ukuthi ikhono lelensi lokudala isithombe sangempela yisona sizathu sokusetshenziswa kwelensi ku-telescope yokukhanya.
Isithombe esibonakalayo
Isithombe sibonakala singokoqobo uma ukukhanya okubonakalayo kungadluli endaweni lapho isithombe sikhona. Uma isikrini sibekwa endaweni lapho kukhona isithombe esibonakalayo, akukho ukukhanya okubonakalayo esikrinini. Isithombe esibonakalayo asikho, kodwa iso lomuntu libona ukukhanya kuhamba ngendlela eqondile ukuze kubukeke sengathi ukukhanya kuhamba ngqo kusuka endaweni lapho isithombe sikhona.
